RESUMEN
The aging of the periocular region has always aroused great interest. A fresh, young, and attractive sight determined an ever-greater attention to surgical and non-surgical techniques to obtain this result. In particular, the change in the concept of a young look, considered then "full", led to the increasing use of surgical (fat grafting) or medical (hyaluronic acid) filling techniques. Eyelid rejuvenation became increasingly popular in the field of cosmetic treatments, with a focus on achieving a youthful and refreshed appearance. Among the various techniques available, the choice between using fat grafting or fillers presented a clinical dilemma. In particular, what surgery considered of fundamental importance was a long-lasting result over time. On the other hand, aesthetic medicine considered it fundamental not to have to resort to invasive treatments. But what was the reality? Was there one path better than the other, and above all, was there a better path for patients? The minireview aims to explore the physiopathology, diagnosis, treatment options, prognosis, and future studies regarding this dilemma. We analyzed the literature produced in the last 20 years comparing the two techniques. Current literature reveals advancements in biomaterials, stem cell research and tissue engineering held promise for further enhancing the field of eyelid rejuvenation. The choice between fat grafting and fillers in eyelid cosmetic treatments presented a clinical dilemma. Understanding physiopathology, accurately diagnosing eyelid aging, exploring treatment options, assessing prognosis, and conducting future studies were essential for providing optimal care to patients seeking eyelid rejuvenation.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study aims to examine known determinants of cardiovascular risk in Italian patients with functional psychoses. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used to examine cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle behaviors of 123 individuals with functional psychosis and compare clinically relevant data with those of the general Italian population. FINDINGS: A significant proportion of patients manifested frank hypertension (6.9%), hypercholesterolemia (20.5%), diabetes (6.5%), or a body mass index of more than 30 (20.3%). Many also smoked (63.0%) or ingested alcohol every day (26.0%), did not eat fruits or vegetables (8.0%), or did not exercise on a daily basis (34.0%). PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Patients with psychosis manifest significant rates of potentially reversible risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Mental health nurses should advocate for and implement well-resourced counseling programs to reduce the prevalence of smoking and metabolic syndrome in mental health populations.