Pulmonary tuberculosis followed by sarcoidosis in an HIV-infected patient: A case report and a simplified diagnostic flowchart for diagnosis and treatment of sarcoidosis.

The diagnosis of sarcoidosis in a patient living with HIV infection is an uncommon event and a challenge for clinicians. Clinical manifestations are variable and fluctuating depending to adherence to ARV therapy and to the level of CD4 count. We analyze here one chronic case in which sarcoidosis appeared clinically two years after pulmonary tuberculosis. The course of the disease was influenced and prolonged by frequent interruptions of antiretroviral therapy. Moreover the diagnosis and the decision to treat have been delayed by the need of exclusion of other pathologies, principally tuberculosis reactivation/reinfection, other mycobacterial diseases, hematologic malignancies. We propose a simplified flowchart for diagnosis and follow up of sarcoidosis, which may also be applied to patients with HIV infection. Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) may be difficult in these patients, because the immunological paradox of sarcoidosis. For this reason, following exclusion of active tuberculosis, we advise to submit all sarcoidosis patients to IPT (isoniazid preventive therapy), when immunosuppressive therapy is started.

Post-caesarean section surgical site infections at a Tanzanian tertiary hospital: a prospective observational study.

Few data are available on the determinants and characteristics of post-caesarean section (CS) surgical site infections (SSIs) in resource-limited settings. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study to evaluate the rates, determinants, and microbiological characteristics of post-CS SSI at the Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital (DRRH) Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department in Tanzania. Spanning a three-month period, all pregnant women who underwent CS were enrolled and followed up for 30 days. SSI following CS occurred in 224 (48%) women. Only 10 (2.1%) women received pre-incision antibiotic prophylaxis. Urgent intervention is needed to prevent and control infections and contain the rising rate of post-CS SSI at the DRRH.

Haemolytic anaemia after oral artemether-lumefantrine treatment in a patient affected by severe imported falciparum malaria.

Artemisinin and its derivatives are essential components of artemisinin-based combination therapies for treating severe falciparum malaria. In this paper, we describe the occurrence of haemolysis after oral artemether-lumefantrine treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported case of a patient affected by severe falciparum malaria with haemolytic anaemia that is likely associated with oral artemether-lumefantrine treatment.

[Diseases in animals associated with exposure to electric and magnetic fields of 50/60 Hz: report of a case]. / Patologie animali associate all'esposizione a campi elettrici e magnetici a 50/60 Hz: descrizione di un caso.

Symptoms of diseases and mortality observed in animals bred near two high-voltage electric transmission lines in the district of Aosta are described. Preliminarily the international scientific literature on this subject is considered. The goal of the present paper is to determine the value of the animals with spontaneously occurring diseases as comparative model for risk assessment associated with 50 Hz magnetic fields.

[Veterinary environmental epidemiology: the case of respiratory pathology in the dog]. / Epidemiologia ambientale veterinaria: il caso delle patologie respiratorie del cane.

The correlation between environmental pollution and human health is one of the most important topics in public health. Environmentally-induced diseases generally show multifactorial etiology and their occurrence is dose-related; they can be included among the emergent diseases also in veterinary medicine. The epidemiological study of naturally occurring environmental diseases in animals, regarded as sentinel health events, can provide valuable information on agents being studied in human environmental epidemiological research. The epidemiologic aspects of naturally occurring diseases of domestic animals have so far received inadequate attention. Surveys have usually consisted of descriptive pathologic reports or of simple listings of case. There has been little or no attempt to relate the number of cases to the underlying population, thus there is little information on the prevalence rates of various animal diseases compiled according to age, breed, sex or environment. This paper reviews epidemiological studies of pet animals with spontaneously occurring respiratory diseases and attempts to determine the value of the animal in general and the dog in particular as a comparative model for environmental health.