A new species of Tricorythodes Ulmer from Colombia and additional notes on T. serratus (Baumgardner amp; vila) (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae).

A new species of Tricorythodes is described and illustrated based on nymphs from Colombia. Legs, mouthparts and other parts of the body were photographed through SEM and molecular characterization was performed by amplification of the COImt gene. Tricorythodes carare sp. nov. shows close affinities with T. serratus (Baumgardner vila), both sharing a similar coloration pattern and the presence of chalazae on femora. The new species can be distinguished from T. serratus and all the species of the genus by the following combination of characters: maxillary palp 3-segmented, with apical setae; dorsal surface of median and hind femora with a longitudinal row of 5 to 9 chalazae serrated in the apex, tarsal claws with 4 or 5 marginal denticles and with 13 submarginal denticles; posterior margin of the abdominal terga with serrated chalazae in the apex. SEM images and distance analysis of the partial sequences of the COI gene were useful to discriminate the new species from T. serratus (genetic divergence 1719%). An additional undescribed species of this group is reported from Esmeraldas in Ecuador and for the departments of Sucre and Choc in Colombia, but it is not described here because of the low number of individuals and the lack of DNA integrity. What is known under the name Tricorythodes serratus is suspected to be a species complex.

Rapid and efficient mating in mayflies (Ephemeroptera): morphological and reproductive strategies in primitive winged insects.

Mayflies (order Ephemeroptera) are primitive winged insects with a life cycle of aquatic nymphal development until emergence as adults that briefly fly seeking mates. Mayflies have reproductive morphology and strategies promoting efficient copulation and oviposition during the ephemeral terrestrial phase. The anatomy of the reproductive tract in males and females of Thraulodes latinus (Leptophlebiidae) is described in relation to the reproductive behavior of Ephemeroptera. Males have a pair of testes that are degenerate in the preadult life stage (subimago) and a pair of deferent ducts that open directly into the gonopores, without ejaculatory duct and accessory glands that are common in other insects. Adult females have a pair of pectinate ovaries with many mature oocytes, a pair of lateral oviducts, and a common oviduct, but lack spermatheca for storage of sperm and associated glands as in most insects. During mating, the paired deferent ducts of males inject sperm directly into females' lateral oviducts, where mass fertilization occurs. Contraction of the intrinsic muscles of the male's deferent ducts directs and rapidly propels the flow of spermatozoa. Reproductive strategies, such as facultative parthenogenesis in mayflies and associated selective pressures involved in the morphology and reproductive behavior of these insects, are discussed.

Tricorythopsis nupem: a new species for the Atlantic forest from southeast Brazil (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae).

Tricorythopsis Traver, 1958 is a neotropical genus of the Leptohyphidae (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerelloidea), with 19 species described (Molineri 2001; Dias Salles 2005; Dias et al. 2008, 2009; Lima et al. 2011; Belmont et al. 2011, 2012, 2015; Domínguez et al. 2019). The genus comprises species of approximately two or three millimeters, and can be considered one of the smallest members of the order (Molineri 1999, 2001; Dias Salles 2005; Dias et al. 2006, 2008, 2009; Belmont et al. 2011, 2015).

Anatomy of male and female reproductive organs of stink bugs pests (Pentatomidae: Heteroptera) from soybean and rice crops / Anatomia dos órgãos reprodutivos em machos e fêmeas de percevejos praga (Pentatomidae: Heteroptera) das culturas de soja e arroz

Abstract: Pentatomidae comprises a diverse group of stink bugs widely distributed in the Neotropical region. Many species are phytophagous and cause injuries to plants, and can thus be defined as agricultural pests. In this study, the anatomy of the female and male reproductive tracts of three important agricultural pests in Colombia is described: Piezodorus guildinii Westwood, 1837 and Chinavia ubicaRolston 1983, found on soybeans, and Oebalus insularis Stål, 1872, found in rice crops. For that, light microscopy techniques were used. The anatomy of the reproductive tract of sexually mature males of the three species studied consisted of a pair of testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory bulb, an ejaculatory duct that opens into an aedeagus, and paired accessory glands. The reproductive tract of females consisted of a pair of ovaries, each with seven telotrophic-meroistic ovarioles, a pair of lateral oviducts, common oviduct, spermatheca, and a genital chamber. Telotrophic ovarioles were comprised of terminal filament, tropharium, vitellarium, and pedicel. Differences in size, color, and position of structures along the reproductive tract were observed between the species examined. Reproductive biology of insects provides informative characters for behavioral and evolutionary studies, as well as useful data for pest control strategies.

Resumo: Pentatomidae compreende um diverso grupo de percevejos amplamente distribuídos na região Neotropical. Muitas espécies são fitófagas e causam algum tipo de injúria em plantas, podendo se configurar como pragas agrícolas. Neste trabalho, descrevemos a anatomia do trato reprodutor de machos e fêmeas em três importantes pragas agrícolas da Colômbia: Piezodorus guildinii (Westwood 1837) e Chinavia ubica (Rolston 1983) na cultura de soja e Oebalus insularis (Stål 1872) na cultura do arroz. Para isto, foram utilizadas técnicas de microscopia de luz. A anatomia do trato reprodutor em machos sexualmente maduros nas três espécies consistiu de um par testículos, vasos deferentes, vesículas seminais, bulbo ejaculatório, um ducto ejaculatório que se abre em um aedeagus e glândulas acessórias pareadas. O trato reprodutor das fêmeas consistiu de um par de ovários, cada um com sete ovaríolos telotróficos-meroísticos, um par de ovidutos laterais, uma espermateca e a câmara genital. Os ovaríolos telotróficos possuíam quatro diferentes regiões: filamento terminal, germário, vitelário e pedicelo. As diferenças entre as espécies foram observadas no tamanho, cor e posição das estruturas ao logo do trato reprodutivo. A biologia reprodutiva de insetos gera caracteres que fornecem informações para trabalhos envolvendo evolução, comportamento e estratégias de controle de pragas.

Nymphal description of Tricorythodes zagaia n. comb. and Tricorythodes pemonensis n. comb. (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) and first records from Colombia.

The nymphal stages of Tricorythodes pemonensis n. comb. and T. zagaia n.comb. are firstly described. The nymphal characters as well as the characteristic swelling at the base of second forceps segment in male imago justify moving them from Macunahyphes to Tricorythodes. Additionally, other three species described in Macunahyphes are also transferred to Tricorythodes: Tricorythodes araca (Souto Salles) new comb., Tricorythodes eduardoi (Almeida Mariano) new comb., and Tricorythodes incognitus (Molineri et al.) new comb. Macunahyphes australis is the only species that remains in the genus.

Tricorythodes macuira (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae), new species from Colombia.

Tricorythodes macuira sp n. is described and illustrated based on nymphs of both sexes and eggs from Colombia. This species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: maxillary palp 2-segmented and small, pronotum with rounded anterolateral projection, pronotum and mesonotum with thick and long setae on margins, femora I and II with transverse row of long setae at dorsum, tarsal claws with marginal row of 5-8 denticles and subdistal double row of 4-2 + 1-2 submarginal denticles, subtriangular operculate gills shaded black on a basal stripe, ventralmost lamellae of gills III-V with dorsal extension very well developed, abdominal segments VII-IX with small posterolateral spines. Eggs with one polar cap, polygonal chorionic plates with elevated margins and long adhesive filaments near the uncapped pole.

First record of Hydrosmilodon primanus (Eaton) (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) from South America / Primer registro de Hydrosmilodon primanus (Eaton) (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae) para Sur América

In this paper the first record of Hydrosmilodon primanus (Eaton, 1892) from South America is presented. The record of the species is based on nymphs collected in San Sebastián de Mariquita city, Tolima department, Colombia.

En este trabajo se presenta por primera vez el registro de la especie Hydrosmilodon primanus (Eaton, 1892) para Sur América. El registro de la especie es basado en ninfas colectadas en el municipio de San Sebastián de Mariquita, departamento del Tolima, Colombia.

Paracloeodes caldensis (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), an atypical new species from the Colombian Andes.

In the present work, an atypical new species of Paracloeodes Day (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) is described based on nymphs collected in the Caldas Department, Central Cordillera of Colombia. This represents the first report of the genus from Colombia. The main characteristics that distinguish the new species from congeners are: abundant setae on femora, antennae length twice the width of the head capsule, maxilla with palp twice the length of the galea-lacinia, segment II of the labial palp with a rounded projection and 2.5 times the width of segment III, tarsal claws half the length of their respective tarsi and the abdominal color pattern. The concepts of the genera Paracloeodes, Varipes and Rivudiva are discussed in light of the discovery of P. caldensis n. sp.

Novos registros de Ephemerelloidea (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) para o estado de São Paulo / New Records of Ephemerelloidea (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) from São Paulo State

Neste trabalho são apresentados quatro novos registros de Ephemerelloidea para o Estado de São Paulo, Leptohyphes cornutus Allen, Leptohyphes plaumanni Allen, Tricorythodes bullus Allen e Traverhyphes (Traverhyphes) indicator (Needham & Murphy), esta ultima constitui um novo registro para o Brasil. Além dos novos registros, também são ampliadas as áreas de distribuição das espécies Leptohyphodes inanis Ulmer, Traverhyphes (Mocoihyphes) edmundsi (Allen) e Traverhyphes (Mocoihyphes) yuati Molineri, para outros municípios do Estado de São Paulo.

Four new records of Ephemerelloidea for São Paulo State, Leptohyphes cornutus Allen, Leptohyphes plaumanni Allen, Tricorythodes bullus Allen, and Traverhyphes (Traverhyphes) indicator (Needham & Murphy) are presented. The latter species constitutes a new record for Brazil. In addition of the new records, the distribution of the following species are expanded: Leptohyphodes inanis Ulmer, Traverhyphes (Mocoihyphes) edmundsi (Allen), and Traverhyphes (Mocoihyphes) yuati Molineri.