Comparative Survival Benefits of Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Gallbladder: A Population-Based Study with Insight into Future Personalized Therapeutic Approach.

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gallbladder (NECs-GB) are rare tumors, accounting for <0.2% of all neuroendocrine carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. They originate from the neuroendocrine cells of the gallbladder epithelium with associated intestinal or gastric metaplasia. The current study is the largest study from the SEER database on NECs-GB that aims to elucidate the demographic, clinical, and pathologic factors influencing the prognosis and comparative survival analysis of different treatment modalities. METHODS: The data from 176 patients with NECs-GB was abstracted from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Result (SEER) database (2000-2018). Multivariate analysis, non-parametric survival analysis, and a chi-square test were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: NECs-GB had a higher incidence amongst females (72.7%) and Caucasians (72.7%). Most patients had surgery only (N = 52, 29.5%), (N = 40) 22.7% had chemotherapy only, and (N = 23) 13.1% had chemotherapy with surgery. Only (N = 17) 9.7% had trimodaltiy (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy), and for (N = 41) 23.3% the status of chemotherapy was unknown, and these cases had neither radiation nor surgery. CONCLUSION: NECs-GB more frequently affects Caucasian females after the 6th decade of life. The combination of surgery, radiation, and adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with better long-term (5 years) outcomes, while surgery alone was associated with better short-term (<2 years) outcome survival.

Recurrent Metastatic Chordoma to the Liver: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm derived from notochordal tissue that primarily affects the axial skeleton. Almost 40% of patients have non-cranial chordoma metastases. The most common metastatic sites are the lungs, bones, lymph nodes, and subcutaneous tissue. We present a 52-year female with a history of sacral chordoma presenting with abdominal fullness, early satiety, and a palpable abdominal mass. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an isolated, highly vascularized, and multilobed liver mass in the left lateral segment. The mass was surgically removed using a clean surgical margin. A histological examination and immunohistochemical staining were consistent with a metastatic chordoma. Two years later, follow-up imaging studies showed a 6.5 × 4.0 × 2.0 cm right liver lesion with multiple lungs, chest wall, pleural, and diaphragmatic lesions. Microscopic- and immunohistochemical staining revealed a recurrent metastatic chordoma. Herein, we present a unique case of metastatic recurrent chordoma in the liver with the involvement of other sites. To the best of our knowledge, no other case of recurrent liver metastasis has been reported.

Variant Salter-Harris Type III Distal Ulna "T" Fracture in the Setting of Galeazzi Equivalent Wrist Injury: A Case Report.

CASE: An 11-year-old Caucasian boy presented to the emergency department with a displaced, closed, Galeazzi equivalent (GE) left wrist fracture sustained after a fall. Closed reduction was deemed unsatisfactory because of persistent displacement of the distal ulna epiphysis. An open reduction of the distal ulna and percutaneous fracture pinning was performed. At 1 year, the patient reported return to his preinjury baseline. No evidence of subsequent pathologic growth was detected on follow-up imaging. CONCLUSION: Open anatomic reduction of the distal ulna epiphysis and percutaneous fracture pinning may improve patient outcomes and limit progressive wrist deformity when treating GE wrist injuries.

Posttraumatic Soft Tissue Coverage of the Lower Leg for the Orthopedic Surgeon.

Soft tissue reconstructive techniques are powerful tools for the orthopedic surgeon caring for lower extremity trauma. This article seeks to inform orthopedic surgeons about useful techniques for skin closure, secondary wound closure techniques, and rotational flaps of the lower leg. Split thickness skin grafting, piecrusting, and the use of negative pressure wound therapy for skin closure, as well as rotational gastrocnemius, soleus, and reverse sural artery flaps are discussed with emphasis on techniques for the nonvascular and nonmicrovascular orthopedic surgeon.