Collagen in hepatocellular carcinoma: A novel biomarker and therapeutic target.

HCC is globally recognized as a major health threat. Despite significant progress in the development of treatment strategies for liver cancer, recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance remain key factors leading to a poor prognosis for the majority of liver cancer patients. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop effective biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC. Collagen, the most abundant and diverse protein in the tumor microenvironment, is highly expressed in various solid tumors and plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of tumors. Recent studies have shown that abnormal expression of collagen in the tumor microenvironment is closely related to the occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and treatment of liver cancer, making it a potential therapeutic target and a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for HCC. This article provides a comprehensive review of the structure, classification, and origin of collagen, as well as its role in the progression and treatment of HCC and its potential clinical value, offering new insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment of liver cancer.

Perioperative and long-term survival outcomes of laparoscopic versus open hepatectomy for BCLC stage A large hepatocellular carcinoma patients in difficult segments: A two-centre, propensity score matching analysis.

Background: The differences in short- and long-term outcome between laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) and open liver resection (OLR) for BCLC stage A large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in difficult segments (I, IVa, VII, VIII) remain unclear. This PSM two-centre study aimed to compare perioperative and long-term survival outcomes of LLR with OLR for this HCC. Methods: HCC patients with BCLC stage A who underwent OLR or LLR in two medical centres were enrolled in the study. PSM analysis was performed to match patients between the LLR cohort and OLR cohort. Survival was analysed based on the Kaplan-Meier method. Independent risk factors were identified by Cox regression. Results: After PSM, 35 patients remained in the LLR cohort, and 84 remained in the OLR cohort. Patients in the LLR cohort had more intraoperative blood loss (p=0.036) and shorter hospital stays after surgery (p<0.001). The LLR cohort and OLR cohort had no difference in intraoperative blood transfusion, surgical margin or postoperative short-term outcomes. The OS and RFS were not significantly different between the two cohorts. The OS and RFS of these two cohorts were not different in the subgroup analysis. Surgical margin was identified as an independent risk factor for tumour recurrence. Conclusion: For BCLC stage A large HCC patients with lesions in difficult segments, LLR was feasible and had shorter hospital stay than OLR. In addition, a surgical margin ≥1 cm could significantly decrease the recurrence probability for large HCC located in different segments without compromising short-term outcomes.

Serum thrombospondin-1 serves as a novel biomarker and agonist of gemcitabine-based chemotherapy in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: At present, the first-line treatment for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is gemcitabine combined with cisplatin, but a considerable portion of ICC patients exhibit resistance to gemcitabine. Therefore, finding sensitisers for gemcitabine chemotherapy in ICC patients and predicting molecular markers for chemotherapy efficacy have become urgent needs. METHODS: In this study, PDX models were established to conduct gemcitabine susceptibility tests. The selected PDX tissues of the chemotherapy-sensitive group and drug-resistant group were subjected to transcriptome sequencing and protein chip technology to identify the key genes. Sixty-one ICC patients treated with gemcitabine chemotherapy were recruited for clinical follow-up validation. RESULTS: We found that thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) can predict gemcitabine chemosensitivity in ICC patients. The expression level of TSP1 could reflect the sensitivity of ICC patients to gemcitabine chemotherapy. Functional experiments further confirmed that TSP1 can increase the efficacy of gemcitabine chemotherapy for ICC. A mechanism study showed that TSP1 may affect the intake of oleic acid by binding to the CD36 receptor. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, we found a key molecule-TSP1-that can predict and improve the sensitivity of ICC patients to gemcitabine chemotherapy, which is of great significance for the treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma.

Development of preoperative prognostic models including radiological features for survival of singular nodular HCC patients.

BACKGROUND: Early singular nodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an ideal surgical indication in clinical practice. However, almost half of the patients have tumor recurrence, and there is no reliable prognostic prediction tool. Besides, it is unclear whether preoperative neoadjuvant therapy is necessary for patients with early singular nodular HCC and which patient needs it. It is critical to identify the patients with high risk of recurrence and to treat these patients preoperatively with neoadjuvant therapy and thus, to improve the outcomes of these patients. The present study aimed to develop two prognostic models to preoperatively predict the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with singular nodular HCC by integrating the clinical data and radiological features. METHODS: We retrospective recruited 211 patients with singular nodular HCC from December 2009 to January 2019 at Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (EHBH). They all met the surgical indications and underwent radical resection. We randomly divided the patients into the training cohort (n =132) and the validation cohort (n = 79). We established and validated multivariate Cox proportional hazard models by the preoperative clinicopathologic factors and radiological features for association with RFS and OS. By analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the discrimination accuracy of the models was compared with that of the traditional predictive models. RESULTS: Our RFS model was based on HBV-DNA score, cirrhosis, tumor diameter and tumor capsule in imaging. RFS nomogram had fine calibration and discrimination capabilities, with a C-index of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.68-0.80). The OS nomogram, based on cirrhosis, tumor diameter and tumor capsule in imaging, had fine calibration and discrimination capabilities, with a C-index of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.74-0.87). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of our model was larger than that of traditional liver cancer staging system, Korea model and Nomograms in Hepatectomy Patients with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma, indicating better discrimination capability. According to the models, we fitted the linear prediction equations. These results were validated in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with previous radiography model, the new-developed predictive model was concise and applicable to predict the postoperative survival of patients with singular nodular HCC. Our models may preoperatively identify patients with high risk of recurrence. These patients may benefit from neoadjuvant therapy which may improve the patients' outcomes.

The role of Tripartite motif containing 59 (TRIM59) in the proliferation and prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Tripartite motif containing 59 (TRIM59) is a crucial gene that is involved in the process of various types of cancer，including breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer,and so on. Its abnormal expression can affect tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, or apoptosis. In liver cancer, the incidence of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is increasing. However, However, it has not been clearly reported on TRIM59 affects the progress of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells.Firstly, we review the expression of TRIM59 in different cancers and the corresponding normal tissues，and the results preliminarily showed that TRIM59 may be abnormally expressed in many cancers. The author focuses on whether TRIM59 plays a crucial biological role in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, we have confirmed through online websites that TRIM59 is highly expressed in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissues. Furthermore we further found that TRIM59 can be used as an effective prognostic marker for the prognostic guidance of patient survival time. Next, we explore whether the expression level of TRIM59 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is related to proliferation through the CCK-8 and EDU assay in two ICC cell lines. To further explore how TRIM59 affected the molecular mechanism involved in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell growth, we found that STAT3 promotes TRIM59 transcription and TRIM59 can affect tumor progression by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through luciferase reporter assay and Western blot experiments. In summary, we first found that TRIM59 has great research value in ICC through bioinformatic analysis, then its expression level is closely related to the prognosis through the analysis of clinicopathological indicators of patients with ICC, and the biological mechanism of TRIM59 in ICC provides precise research or therapeutic targets for future cancer treatment. The findings improve our understanding of the potential of TRIM59 in biological functions in ICC and may hold promise as markers for the diagnosis,treatment, and prognosis of ICC. DATA AVAILABILITY: The raw data of this study are derived from the TCGA database, which are publicly available databases.