Smartphone Imaging Device for Multimodal Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide Using Cu-Doped MOF Sensors.

Multimodal sensing platforms may offer reliable, fast results, but it is still challenging to incorporate biosensors with high discriminating ability in complex biological samples. Herein, we established a highly sensitive dual colorimetric/electrochemical monitoring approach for the detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) utilizing Cu-doped In-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu/In-MOFs) combined with a versatile color selector software-based smartphone imaging device. H2S can result in the enhancement of the electrochemical signal because of the electroactive substance copper sulfide (CuxS), the decrease of the colorimetric signal of the characteristic absorption response caused by the strong coordination effect on Cu/In-MOFs, and the obvious changes of red-green-blue (RGB) values of images acquired via an intelligent smartphone. Attractively, the Cu/In-MOFs-based multimodal detection guarantees precise and sensitive detection of H2S with triple-signal detection limits of 0.096 µM (electrochemical signals), 0.098 µM (colorimetric signals), and 0.099 µM (smartphone signals) and an outstanding linear response. This analytical toolkit provides an idea for fabricating a robust, sensitive, tolerant matrix and reliable sensing platform for rapidly monitoring H2S in clinical disease diagnosis and visual supervision.

A rare case of TFEB/6p21/VEGFA-amplified renal cell carcinoma diagnosed by whole-exome sequencing: clinicopathological and genetic feature report and literature review.

BACKGROUND: TFEB/6p21/VEGFA-amplified renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare and difficult to diagnose, with diverse histological patterns and immunohistochemical and poorly defined molecular genetic characteristics. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 63-year-old male admitted in 2017 with complex histomorphology, three morphological features of clear cell, eosinophilic and papillary RCC and resembling areas of glomerular and tubular formation. The immunophenotype also showed a mixture of CD10 and P504s. RCC with a high suspicion of collision tumors was indicated according to the 2014 WHO classification system; no precise diagnosis was possible. The patient was diagnosed at a different hospital with poorly differentiated lung squamous cell carcinoma one year after RCC surgery. We exploited molecular technology advances to retrospectively investigate the patient's molecular genetic alterations by whole-exome sequencing. The results revealed a 6p21 amplification in VEGFA and TFEB gene acquisition absent in other RCC subtypes. Clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, TFE3-translocation, eosinophilic solid and cystic RCC were excluded. Strong TFEB and Melan-A protein positivity prompted rediagnosis as TFEB/6p21/VEGFA-amplified RCC as per 2022 WHO classification. TMB-L (low tumor mutational load), CCND3 gene acquisition and MRE11A and ATM gene deletion mutations indicated sensitivity to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor combinations and the FDA-approved targeted agents Niraparib (Grade C), Olaparib (Grade C), Rucaparib (Grade C) and Talazoparib (Class C). GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed major mutations and abnormal CNVs in genes involved in biological processes such as the TGF-ß, Hippo, E-cadherin, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy signaling pathways, biofilm synthesis cell adhesion substance metabolism regulation and others. We compared TFEB/6p21/VEGFA-amplified with TFEB-translocated RCC; significant differences in disease onset age, histological patterns, pathological stages, clinical prognoses, and genetic characteristics were revealed. CONCLUSION: We clarified the patient's challenging diagnosis and discussed the clinicopathology, immunophenotype, differential diagnosis, and molecular genetic information regarding TFEB/6p21/VEGFA-amplified RCC via exome analysis and a literature review.

[Application of bioactive ceramics iRoot BP Plus® in pulpotomy for complicated crown fracture of immature permanent anterior teeth in children].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and radiographic effectiveness of a calcium silicate-based bioactive ceramic iRoot BP Plus® pulpotomy of immature permanent teeth with complicated crown fracture and to evaluate the factors influencing its long-term success rate. METHODS: The digital medical records of patients under 13 years old who had undergone iRoot BP Plus® pulpotomy in the Department of Oral Emergency or the First Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from March 2017 to September 2022 due to complicated crown fracture of anterior teeth, and had taken at least one post-operation apical radiograph were reviewed. The clinical and radiographic information at the initial examination and follow-up period were obtained, including crown color, mobility, percussion, cold test (partial pulpotomy teeth), dental restoration, fistula, swelling or inflammation of the gingival tissue, the formation of apical foramen, pathologic radiolucency and calcification of pulp chamber or root canal obliteration. Data were tested by Fisher exact test and a multiple comparison. RESULTS: In the study, 64 patients including 37 males (57.8%) and 27 females (42.2%) with a mean age of 9.1 years : ere finally enrolled. The total number of permanent teeth that received pulpotomy was 75, and the average follow-up time was 19.3 months. The success rate was 93.1% with the time interval between dental injury and treatment in 24 h, while the success rate dropped to 88.2% with the time intervals beyond 24 h. The time intervals did not significantly affect the pulp survival rate (P=0.61) after pulpotomy (partial or coronal). The success rate 6 months after pulpotomy was 96. 0%, and one-year success rate was 94. 7%. A total of 23 cases were reviewed for more than 2 years after pulpotomy, and 6 cases failed. The mobility had no significant effect on the success rate (P=0.28). Pulp chamber calcification and pulp canal obli-teration were not observed in all the post-operative radiographs. CONCLUSION: The one year clinical and radiographic success rates obtained in this study indicate that iRoot BP Plus® is an appropriate pulp capping material option for pulpotomy treatment of complicated crown fracture in immature permanent teeth without displacement injuries. This technique has broad promotional value.

A smartphone-assisted colorimetric and photothermal probe for glutathione detection based on enhanced oxidase-mimic CoFeCe three-atom nanozyme in food.

The rational fabrication of point-of-care testing (POCT) featuring simplicity, rapidity, low cost, portability, high sensitivity and accuracy is crucial for maintaining food safety in resource-limited locations and home healthcare but remains challenging. Herein, we report a universal colorimetric-photothermal-smartphone triple-mode sensing platform for POC food-grade glutathione (GSH) detection. This simple sensing platform for GSH detection takes merits of three techniques: commercially available filter paper, thermometer and smartphone via an excellent CoFeCe-mediated oxidase-like activity. This strategy allows CoFeCe three-atom hydroxide to efficiently convert dissolved oxygen into O2·- and catalyzes 3, 3', 5, 5'-tertamethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate an oxidized TMB with remarkable color changes and photothermal effect, resulting in a colorimetric-temperature-color triple-mode signal output. The constructed sensor exhibits high sensitivity with a limit of detection of 0.092 µM for GSH detection. We expect this sensing platform can be easily modified for the determination of GSH in commercial samples with the simple testing strips.

Dual-mode biosensor platform based on synergistic effects of dual-functional hybrid nanomaterials.

Detection of biomarkers is very vital in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, due to the poor accuracy and sensitivity of the constructed biosensors, we are now facing great challenges. In addressing these problems, nanohybrid-based dual mode biosensors including optical-optical, optical-electrochemical and electrochemical-electrochemical have been developed to detect various biomarkers. Integrating the merits of nanomaterials with abundant active sites, synergy and excellent physicochemical properties, many bi-functional nanohybrids have been reasonable designed and controllable preparation, which applied to the construction dual mode biosensors. Despite the significant progress, further efforts are still needed to develop dual mode biosensors and ensure their practical application by using portable digital devices. Therefore, the present review summarizes an in-depth evaluation of the bi-functional nanohybrids assisted dual mode biosensing platform of biomarkers. We are hoping this review could inspire further concepts in developing novel dual mode biosensors for possible detection application.

Exome sequencing analysis of gastric primary myeloid sarcoma with monocytic differentiation with altered immunophenotype after chemotherapy: case report.

BACKGROUND: Myeloid Sarcoma with monocytic differentiation is rare and quite likely is missed by surgical pathologists. However it is frequently misdiagnosed because of its non-specific imaging and histological pattern. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with gastric primary myeloid sarcoma with monocytic differentiatio. Upper endoscopy revealed a neoplastic growth at the junction of the lesser curvature and gastric antrum. Except for a slightly increased peripheral monocyte count, no abnormalities were found on hematological and bone-marrow examination. Gastroscopic biopsy showed poorly differentiated atypical large cells with visible nucleoli and nuclear fission. Immunohistochemistry showed positive CD34, CD4, CD43, and CD56 expression, and weakly positive lysozyme expression. Immune markers for poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma, and lymphohematopoietic-system tumors were negative. The final diagnosis was myeloid sarcoma with monocytic differentiation. Chemotherapy did not shrink the tumor, so, radical surgery was performed. Although the tumor morphology did not change postoperatively, the immunophenotype did. CD68 and lysozyme expression (tumor tissue markers) changed from negative and weakly positive to strongly positive, AE1/3 expression (epithelial marker) changed from negative to positive, and CD34, CD4, CD43, and CD56 expression (common in naive hematopoietic cell-derived tumors) was greatly attenuated. Exome sequencing revealed missense mutations in FLT3 and PTPRB, which are associated with myeloid sarcoma, and in TP53, CD44, CD19, LTK, NOTCH2, and CNTN2, which are associated with lymphohematopoietic tumors and poorly differentiated cancers. CONCLUSION: We diagnosed myeloid sarcoma with monocytic differentiation after excluding poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, common lymphohematopoietic-system tumors, epithelioid sarcoma, and malignant melanoma. We identified that the immunophenotypic of patient had alterations after chemotherapy, and FLT3 gene mutations. We hope that the above results will improve our understanding of this rare tumor.

Dual-mode biosensing platform for sensitive and portable detection of hydrogen sulfide based on cuprous oxide/gold/copper metal organic framework heterojunction.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can not only be regarded as a critical gas signal transduction substance, but also its excess levels can lead to a range of diseases. Currently, the accurate analysis combined with electrochemical (EC) or photothermal (PT) technology for H2S in a complex biological system remains a significant challenge. Herein, an endogenous H2S-triggered heterojunction cuprous oxide/gold/copper metal organic framework (Cu2O/Au/HKUST-1) nanoprobe is designed for dual-mode EC- second near-infrared (NIR-II)/PT analysis in tumor cells with high sensitivity and simplicity. Dual-mode EC quantification - PT is achieved through "off-on" mode of EC and PT signals based on electronic transfer and biosynthesis via an in situ sulfuration reaction. Under the optimum conditions, the EC quantification mode for trace H2S exhibits a wide linear range and an excellent limit of detection of 0.1 µM. More importantly, the dual-mode can display the selective detection of trace H2S in living tumor cells because of the specific interaction between copper ion and H2S. These results provide a new EC-PT promising biosensing platform for noninvasive intelligent detection of H2S in living tumor cells.

Biosynthesis-mediated Ni-Fe-Cu LDH-to-sulfides transformation enabling sensitive detection of endogenous hydrogen sulfide with dual-readout signals.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a vital endogenous gas signal molecule undertaking numerous physiological functions such as biological regulation and cytoprotection. Herein, we developed an electrochemical (EC) and photothermal (PT) dual-readout signals method for H2S detection based on a novel biosynthesis-mediated Ni-Fe-Cu LDH-to-sulfides transformation strategy. Interestingly, the Cu2+-based Ni-Fe LDH (Ni-Fe-Cu LDH) can act as the Cu2+ source to react with H2S, resulting in the in-situ generation of CuxS on Ni-Fe-Cu LDH surfaces. Because of the EC signal and intrinsic near-infrared (NIR) PT conversion ability of CuxS under 808 nm laser irradiation, the obtained CuxS@Ni-Fe-Cu LDH is applied to stimulate EC signal and temperature readout. By this means, a dual-readout signal mode is established for H2S detection. Under the optimum conditions, this combination of EC and PT methods displays a wide linear range for H2S to 0.1 µM-90 µM and 50 µM-400 µM, respectively, with a low detection limit of 0.09 µM. In addition, the practicality of Ni-Fe-Cu LDH is verified by determination of endogenous H2S in living cells. This work not only provides a promising application for H2S diagnosis but also exhibits the new characteristic of Ni-Fe-Cu LDH nanomaterials as signal transduction tags.

Tumor acidity and near-infrared light responsive drug delivery MoS2-based nanoparticles for chemo-photothermal therapy.

The rational design of tumor microenvironment (TME)- multifunctional stimuli-responsive nanocomposites is appealing for effective cancer treatment. However, multidrug resistance remains an obstacle to construct responsive oncotherapy. Herein, a novel MoS2/PDA-TPP nanocomposite loaded with chemotherapy drug of doxorubicin (DOX) is designed for TME dual-response and synergistically enhanced anti-tumor therapy based on the tumor-specific mitochondria accumulation ability and photothermal (PTT) therapy. In detail, the designed MoS2/PDA-TPP nanoplatform can act as a pH-responsive dissociation to endow fast release of DOX under an acidic TME and simultaneously improve the efficiency of PTT. Moreover, the mechanism shows that MoS2/PDA-TPP trigger mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reducing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Most importantly, during PTT procedure, hyperthermia up to 50 °C can effectively induce tumor cell death without causing severe inflammation to adjacent tissues. Tumor targeting double stimulation response of nanocomposites is a novel idea to overcome drug resistance, which will provide a more effective strategy for solving practical problems.

Metal-organic framework promoting high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis of untreated corncob residues.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) could serve as efficient matrixes to immobilize cellulase because of their high stability and porous morphology. Herein, the Zr-based MOFs (UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2) assisted 20 wt% high-solids hydrolysis of untreated corncob residues (CRs) at low enzyme loading was investigated. Glucan hydrolysis yields increased to 60.55% and 71.47% by separately adding 4 g/L UiO-66 and UiO-66-NH2 at 5 FPU/g-glucan cellulase dosage. The maximum hydrolysis yield reached 90.01% at 10 FPU/g-glucan in the presence of 4 g/L UiO-66-NH2. Analysis of free protein concentration and cellulase activity suggested that MOFs effectively increased cellulase catalytic activity and stability, thus boosted CRs enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Additionally, UiO-66-NH2 immobilization gave a high catalytic activity because of the abundant anchor sites of NH2 groups. This research presents the promising future of MOFs' application in lignocellulosic biomass bioconversion and other areas requiring immobilized enzymes.

Large-Scale Production of Hierarchically Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks by a Reflux-Assisted Post-Synthetic Ligand Substitution Strategy.

The mass production of hierarchically porous metal-organic frameworks (HP-MOFs) with adjustable morphology and size as well as retained crystallinity is highly desirable yet challenging. Herein, we have developed a versatile post-synthetic ligand substitution (PSLS) strategy to convert typical microporous MOFs and even their composites to HP-MOFs and their composites at a 10 g level and beyond in a simple reflux system. The resulting HP-MOFs feature intrinsic micropores and abundant defective mesopores, which greatly facilitate the transport and activation of large substrates for stable and efficient heterogeneous catalysis. Furthermore, the presence of defective mesopores in the HP-MOF composites improves activity and selectivity for large molecule-involved one-pot tandem catalysis. This strategy opens a new door to fast, facile, general, and scale-up production of HP-MOFs and related composites for expanding applications of conventional microporous MOF-based materials.

In situ growth of amino-functionalized ZIF-8 on bacterial cellulose foams for enhanced CO2 adsorption.

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) hold great potential for carbon capture, while a major challenge for the practical application of ZIFs is the development of convenient three-dimensional bulk materials. Here, sustainable and biodegradable bacterial cellulose (BC) was used as the substrate for ZIF growth. Amino-functionalized ZIF-8 (ZIF-8-NH2) was prepared within BC substrate via an in situ growth approach. ZIF crystals were wrapped uniformly over cellulose fibers and the chelating effect between metal (zinc) ions and hydroxyl groups makes the composites have high interface affinity and compatibility. The resulting foams presented a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.63 mmol/g (25 °C, 1 bar). Moreover, ZIF-8-NH2@BC foams are facile to be regenerated by heating at 80 °C. This work provides a new avenue to construct ZIF/cellulose composites for gas treatment applications.

SR-B1 and CD10 combined immunoprofile for differential diagnosis of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary.

Both clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary (CCOC) have a clear cytoplasmic morphological feature, hence it is difficult to identify metastatic ccRCC and CCOC by morphology alone. At present, there are no effective immunohistochemical markers to distinguish between these two tumors. Studies have shown that the clear cytoplasm of ccRCC is mainly caused by cholesterol-rich lipids in the cytoplasm, while that of CCOC is due to the accumulation of cytoplasmic glycogen. OBJECTIVE: to hypothesize that the scavenger receptor class B-type 1 (SR-B1) protein responsible for HDL cholesterol uptake may be differentially expressed in ccRCC and CCOC, and high CD10 expression in the renal tubular epithelium may assist in distinguishing between ccRCC and CCOC. METHODS: effective immunohistochemical markers were applied in 90 cases of renal clear cell carcinoma and 31 cases of ovarian cancer to distinguish between the two types of tumors. RESULT: SR-B1 and CD10 expression is significantly higher in ccRCC than CCOC. Both SR-B1 and CD10 exhibited focal weak-medium intensity staining in CCOC, and their staining extent and intensity were significantly lower than ccRCC. The sensitivity and specificity of SR-B1 for identifying ccRCC were 74.4% and 83.9%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of CD10 for identifying CCOC were 93.3% and 80.6%, respectively. The combined SR-B1( +) CD10( +) immunoprofile supports the diagnosis of ccRCC with a specificity of 93.5%. The combined SR-B1(-) CD10(-) immunoprofile supports the diagnosis of CCOC with a specificity of 93.3%. CONCLUSIONS: our findings demonstrate that the combination of SR-B1 and CD10 immunoprofiling is a valuable tool for differential diagnosis of ccRCC and CCOC.

Comparison of indirect pulp treatment and iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy in primary teeth with extremely deep caries: a prospective randomized trial.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the 24-month success rates of indirect pulp treatment (IPT) and iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy of primary molars with extremely deep caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Generally healthy children aged 3-7 years requiring general anesthesia for treating primary molars with extremely deep caries or reversible pulpitis were recruited. Patients with systemic disease, mental health problems, or manifestations of irreversible pulpitis were excluded. In total, 175 molars were randomized and blinded for either IPT (n = 87) or iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy (n = 88). All teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns and evaluated after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months by two blinded calibrated investigators. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to compare the survival rates between the groups. The correlations between success rate and patient characteristics were explored with the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: A total of 168 primary molars in 67 patients (average age: 3.83 years) were evaluated. The cumulative survival probability at 24 months was not significantly different between the IPT (93.8%) and pulpotomy (97.7%) groups (P = 0.238). IPT treatment success was significantly associated with age (odds ratio = 2.347; 95% CI: 1.068-5.156; P = 0.034) and preoperative sensitivity (odds ratio = 9.742; 95% CI: 1.079-87.970; P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS: The 24-month success rates of IPT and iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy performed in primary molars with extremely deep caries were not significantly different. Increasing age and preoperative sensitivity were found to be associated with the cumulative survival probability in IPT-treated primary molars with extremely deep caries. Primary teeth with extremely deep carious lesions without signs of irreversible pulpitis can be treated successfully by either indirect pulp capping or iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2000032462.

Facial Morphological Changes Following Denture Treatment in Children with Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize the facial morphology of Chinese children with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) and quantify facial changes after prosthetic treatment. Methods: 3-D facial images of 12 HED children were taken and their facial morphology was compared against 28 healthy controls. Facial changes due to denture placement were also quantified. Group differences were quantified and visualized by superimposing the average faces with robust Procrustes superimposition. Partial least square regression was used to investigate the effects of group membership (HED or controls, pre- and posttreatment) on facial morphology. Results: HED patients had a more prominent forehead, depressed nasal region, depressed zygomatic zone, flat cheeks, and protuberant lips and chin compared with controls. The strongest differences were localized in the middle and lower face, especially in the cheeks and zygomatic and chin regions (P<0.05). Pre- and post-treatment comparisons showed the chin retruded (P<0.05). Statistical facial differences between the posttreatment patients and the controls were localized in the perinasal area and submental region (P<0.05). Conclusions: The facial morphology of Chinese children with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia differs significantly from healthy children, creating a more concave facial profile. Posttreatment facial changes provide a better understanding of dentures' role in improving facial appearance.

MicroRNA-31 weakens cisplatin resistance of medulloblastoma cells via NF-κB and PI3K/AKT pathways.

BACKGROUND: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant intracranial tumor. Cisplatin is a broad-spectrum antitumor drug. It is important to study the cisplatin resistance of MB cells for the treatment of MB. In this article, we preliminarily studied the cisplatin resistance of microRNA (miR)-31 and the possible mechanism in DAOY and UW228 cells, laying a theoretical foundation for clinical treatment of MB. METHODS: Following anti-miR-31 and pre-miR-31 transfections, cell viability, BrdU, CyclinD1, and apoptosis levels of DAOY and UW228 cell were detected by CCK8, BrdU, and western blot. Meanwhile, migration, invasion, and western blot assay were respectively used to detect the functions of miR-31 migration and invasion. miR-31 levels were changed by cell transfection and detected by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, the related-proteins of pathways were also detected by western blot. RESULTS: Anti-miR-31 increased DAOY and UW228 cells viability, BrdU+ numbers, and expression of CyclinD1. The migration/invasion rate and expression levels of MMP-9 and vimentin after anti-miR-31 transfection were increased. Furthermore, anti-miR-31 enhanced cells' cisplatin resistance and triggered PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways. Pre-miR-31 played opposite roles and promoted the apoptosis. CONCLUSION: miR-31 regulated cell growth, migration, invasion and cisplatin resistance of MB cells via PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways.

Encapsulating soluble active species into hollow crystalline porous capsules beyond integration of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.

Homogeneous molecular catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts possess complementary strengths, and are of great importance in laboratory/commercial procedures. While various porous hosts, such as polymers, carbons, silica, metal oxides and zeolites, have been used in an attempt to heterogenize homogeneous catalysts, realizing the integration of both functions at the expense of discounting their respective advantages, it remains a significant challenge to truly combine their intrinsic strengths in a single catalyst without compromise. Here, we describe a general template-assisted approach to incorporating soluble molecular catalysts into the hollow porous capsule, which prevents their leaching due to the absence of large intergranular space. In the resultant yolk (soluble)-shell (crystalline) capsules, the soluble yolks can perform their intrinsic activity in a mimetic homogeneous environment, and the crystalline porous shells endow the former with selective permeability, substrate enrichment, size-selective and heterogeneous cascade catalysis, beyond the integration of the respective advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.

Comparative analysis of gene expression profiles in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is typically diagnosed in children. The aim of the present study was to identify potential genes involved in the pathogenesis of childhood T1D. Two datasets of mRNA expression in children with T1D were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in children with T1D were identified. Functional analysis was performed and a protein­protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed, as was a transcription factor (TF)­target network. The expression of selected DEGs was further assessed using reverse transcription­quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT­qPCR) analysis. Electronic validation and diagnostic value analysis of the identified DEGs [cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein (CISH), SR­related CTD associated factor 11 (SCAF11), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), Rho GTPase activating protein 25 (ARHGAP25), major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR ß4 (HLA­DRB4) and interleukin 23 subunit α (IL23A)] was performed in the GEO dataset. Compared with the normal control group, a total of 1,467 DEGs with P<0.05 were identified in children with T1D. CISH and SCAF11 were determined to be the most up­ and downregulated genes, respectively. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (HNRNPD; degree=33), protein kinase AMP­activated catalytic subunit α1 (PRKAA1; degree=11), integrin subunit α4 (ITGA4; degree=8) and ESR1 (degree=8) were identified in the PPI network as high­degree genes. ARHGAP25 (degree=12), HNRNPD (degree=10), HLA­DRB4 (degree=10) and IL23A (degree=9) were high­degree genes identified in the TF­target network. RT­qPCR revealed that the expression of HNRNPD, PRKAA1, ITGA4 and transporter 2, ATP binding cassette subfamily B member was consistent with the results of the integrated analysis. Furthermore, the results of the electronic validation were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. SCAF11, CISH and ARHGAP25 were identified to possess value as potential diagnostic markers for children with T1D. In conclusion, identifying DEGs in children with T1D may contribute to our understanding of its pathogenesis, and such DEGs may be used as diagnostic biomarkers for children with T1D.