OD-MVSNet: Omni-dimensional dynamic multi-view stereo network.

Multi-view stereo based on learning is a critical task in three-dimensional reconstruction, enabling the effective inference of depth maps and the reconstruction of fine-grained scene geometry. However, the results obtained by current popular 3D reconstruction methods are not precise, and achieving high-accuracy scene reconstruction remains challenging due to the pervasive impact of feature extraction and the poor correlation between cost and volume. In addressing these issues, we propose a cascade deep residual inference network to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of multi-view stereo depth estimation. This approach builds a cost-volume pyramid from coarse to fine, generating a lightweight, compact network to improve reconstruction results. Specifically, we introduce the omni-dimensional dynamic atrous spatial pyramid pooling (OSPP), a multiscale feature extraction module capable of generating dense feature maps with multiscale contextual information. The feature maps encoded by the OSPP module can generate dense point clouds without consuming significant memory. Furthermore, to alleviate the issue of feature mismatch in cost volume regularization, we propose a normalization-based 3D attention module. The 3D attention module aggregates crucial information within the cost volume across the dimensions of channel, spatial, and depth. Through extensive experiments on benchmark datasets, notably DTU, we found that the OD-MVSNet model outperforms the baseline model by approximately 1.4% in accuracy loss, 0.9% in completeness loss, and 1.2% in overall loss, demonstrating the effectiveness of our module.

Ex Situ Gaseous Reagent for Multicomponent Amine Bioconjugation.

We report a minimalist gaseous sulfonyl-chloride-derived reagent for multicomponent bioconjugation with amine, phenol, or aniline reagents to afford urea or carbamate products. With the utilization of a gas-phase reagent for a reaction mediated by metal ions, a variety of biologically relevant molecules, such as saccharide, poly(ethylene glycol), fluorophore, and affinity tag, can be efficiently cross-linked to the N terminus or lysine side-chain amines on natural polypeptides or proteins.

Theoretical study of transition metal-doped ß12 borophene as a new single-atom catalyst for carbon dioxide electroreduction.

The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) presents a viable and cost-effective approach for the elimination of CO2 by transforming it into valuable products. Nevertheless, this process is impeded by the absence of exceptionally active and stable catalysts. Herein, a new type of electrocatalyst of transition metal (TM)-doped ß12-borophene (TM@ß12-BM) is investigated via density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Through comprehensive screening, two promising single-atom catalysts (SACs), Sc@ß12-BM and Y@ß12-BM, are successfully identified, exhibiting high stability, catalytic activity and selectivity for the CO2RR. The C1 products methane (CH4) and methanol (CH3OH) are synthesized with limiting potentials (UL) of -0.78 V and -0.56 V on Sc@ß12-BM and Y@ß12-BM, respectively. Meanwhile, CO2 is more favourable for reduction into the C2 product ethanol (CH3CH2OH) compared to ethylene (C2H4) via C-C coupling on these two SACs. More importantly, the dynamic barriers of the key C-C coupling step are 0.53 eV and 0.73 eV for the "slow-growth" sampling approach in the explicit water molecule model. Furthermore, Sc@ß12-BM and Y@ß12-BM exhibit higher selectivity for producing C1 compounds (CH4 and CH3OH) than C2 (CH3CH2OH) in the CO2RR. Compared with Sc@ß12-BM, Y@ß12-BM demonstrates superior inhibition of the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the liquid phase. These results not only demonstrate the great potential of SACs for direct reduction of CO2 to C1 and C2, but also help in rationally designing high-performance SACs.

Selective Macrocyclization of Unprotected Peptides with an Ex Situ Gaseous Linchpin Reagent.

Peptide cyclization has dramatic effects on a variety of important properties, enhancing metabolic stability, limiting conformational flexibility, and altering cellular entry and intracellular localization. The hydrophilic, polyfunctional nature of peptides creates chemoselectivity challenges in macrocyclization, especially for natural sequences without biorthogonal handles. Herein, we describe a gaseous sulfonyl chloride derived reagent that achieves amine-amine, amine-phenol, and amine-aniline crosslinking through a minimalist linchpin strategy that affords macrocyclic urea or carbamate products. The cyclization reaction is metal-mediated and involves a novel application of sulfine species that remains unexplored in aqueous or biological contexts. The aqueous method delivers unique cyclic or bicyclic topologies directly from a variety of natural bioactive peptides without the need for protecting-group strategies.

Preparation and research of new black zirconia ceramics.

The existing black zirconia has problems such as uneven color development, poor stability, expensive raw materials, and harm to the human body and the environment. In order to solve the above problems, this paper intends to use NiAl2O4, NiTiO3, Fe2O3 as chromophore, zirconia as a matrix, and a solid-phase method is used to prepare high-performance black zirconia ceramics. The method avoids the introduction of toxic elements, and at the same time, it is more economical in the selection of color-developing pigments. The experimental results show that black zirconia ceramics with uniform color, continuous adjustment and high temperature stability can be obtained. When the sintering temperature is lower than 1450 °C and the color material mixing ratio is 10 wt.%, the mechanical properties and optical properties of the obtained samples optimum, the overall reflectance of the sample is less than 10 wt.%, which meets the conditions for market application. These black ceramics can be widely used in high-tech fields such as mobile phone backplanes, photovoltaic industry and high-end decorative materials, and have broad application prospects.

Synthetic steroid of 5α-Androst-3ß,5α,6ß-Triol alleviates acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe and potentially fatal respiratory condition with limited treatment options. The pathological evolution of ALI is driven by persistent inflammation, destruction of the pulmonary vascular barrier and oxidative stress. Evidence from prior investigations has identified 5α-androst-3ß,5α,6ß-Triol (TRIOL), a synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring neuroprotective compound cholestane-3ß,5α,6ß-triol, possesses notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. However, the precise effects of TRIOL on alleviating lung injury along with the mechanisms, have remained largely unexplored. Here, TRIOL exhibited pronounced inhibitory actions on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress damage in both lung epithelial and endothelial cells. This protective effect is achieved by its ability to mitigate oxidative stress and restrain the inflammatory cascade orchestrated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), thereby preserving the integrity of the pulmonary epithelial barrier. We further validated that TRIOL can attenuate LPS-induced lung injury in rats and mice by reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and improving pulmonary edema. Furthermore, TRIOL decreased the pro-inflammatory factors and increased of anti-inflammatory factors induced by LPS. In conclusion, our study presents TRIOL as a promising novel candidate for the treatment of ALI.

CO2 electrocatalytic reduction to ethylene and its application outlook in food science.

The efficient conversion of CO2 is considered to be an important step toward carbon emissions peak and carbon neutrality. Presently, great efforts have been devoted to the study of efficient nanocatalysts, electrolytic cell, and electrolytes to achieve high reactivity and selectivity in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to mono- and multi-carbon (C2+) compounds. However, there are very few reviews focusing on highly reactive and selective ethylene production and application in the field of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Ethylene is a class of multi-carbon compounds that are widely applied in industrial, ecological, and agricultural fields. This review focuses especially on the convertibility of CO2 reduction to generate ethylene technology in practical applications and provides a detailed summary of the latest technologies for the efficient production of ethylene by CO2RR and suggests the potential application of CO2RR systems in food science to further expand the application market of CO2RR for ethylene production.