Padrão de distribuição de células mononucleares de medula óssea em tecido cardíaco sadio por diferentes vias de infusão / Interaction between infusion route and bone marrow mononuclear cell distribution patterns in normal cardiac tissue

Introdução: A medicina regenerativa tem ganho grande importância nos últimos anos em decorrência da possibilidade de certas células se diferenciarem em linhagens celulares distintas e, assim, reconstruírem o tecido lesado. As células-tronco têm despontado como forma alternativa de tratamento para doenças pela sua capacidade de diferenciação nos mais de 100 tipos de tecido. A medula óssea contém células-tronco adultas, hematopoéticas e mesenquimais, que auxiliam na limitação do remodelamento cardíaco. Método: Foram utilizados 9 cães com peso entre 25 kg e 30 kg, divididos em três grupos: intracoronária, intramiocárdica-transendocárdica e retrógrada venosa. Células mononucleares da medula óssea foram coletadas por densidade Ficoll, marcadas com fluorocromo Hoechst e infundidas nas diferentes vias citadas anteriormente...

Background: Regenerative medicine has become increasingly important in recent years due to the possibility of certain cells to differentiate into different cell lines and thus recover the damaged tissue. The stem cell has emerged as an alternative treatment for diseases as a result of their ability to differentiate in more than 100 types of tissue. Bone marrow contains adult stem cells, hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells, which limit heart remodeling. Methods: Nine dogs weighing between 25 and 30 kg were divided into three groups: intracoronary group, intramyocardial-transendocardial group and retrograde venous group. Mononuclear cells were collected from bone marrow by Ficoll density, stained with Hoechst fluorocrom and infused through the different routes mentioned above...

Safety, feasibility, and results of exercise testing for stratifying patients with chest pain in the emergency room.

OBJECTIVE: To assess safety, feasibility, and the results of early exercise testing in patients with chest pain admitted to the emergency room of the chest pain unit, in whom acute myocardial infarction and high-risk unstable angina had been ruled out. METHODS: A study including 1060 consecutive patients with chest pain admitted to the emergency room of the chest pain unit was carried out. Of them, 677 (64%) patients were eligible for exercise testing, but only 268 (40%) underwent the test. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients studied was 51.7 12.1 years, and 188 (70%) were males. Twenty-eight (10%) patients had a previous history of coronary artery disease, 244 (91%) had a normal or unspecific electrocardiogram, and 150 (56%) underwent exercise testing within a 12-hour interval. The results of the exercise test in the latter group were as follows: 34 (13%) were positive, 191 (71%) were negative, and 43 (16%) were inconclusive. In the group of patients with a positive exercise test, 21 (62%) underwent coronary angiography, 11 underwent angioplasty, and 2 underwent myocardial revascularization. In a univariate analysis, type A/B chest pain (definitely/probably anginal) (p<0.0001), previous coronary artery disease (p<0.0001), and route 2 (patients at higher risk) correlated with a positive or inconclusive test (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: In patients with chest pain and in whom acute myocardial infarction and high-risk unstable angina had been ruled out, the exercise test proved to be feasible, safe, and well tolerated.

Segurança, factibilidade e resultados do teste ergométrico na estratificação de pacientes com dor torácica na sala de emergência / Safety, feasibility, and results of exercise testing for stratifying patients with chest pain in the emergency room

OBJECTIVE: To assess safety, feasibility, and the results of early exercise testing in patients with chest pain admitted to the emergency room of the chest pain unit, in whom acute myocardial infarction and high-risk unstable angina had been ruled out. METHODS: A study including 1060 consecutive patients with chest pain admitted to the emergency room of the chest pain unit was carried out. Of them, 677 (64 percent) patients were eligible for exercise testing, but only 268 (40 percent) underwent the test. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients studied was 51.7±12.1 years, and 188 (70 percent) were males. Twenty-eight (10 percent) patients had a previous history of coronary artery disease, 244 (91 percent) had a normal or unspecific electrocardiogram, and 150 (56 percent) underwent exercise testing within a 12-hour interval. The results of the exercise test in the latter group were as follows: 34 (13 percent) were positive, 191 (71 percent) were negative, and 43 (16 percent) were inconclusive. In the group of patients with a positive exercise test, 21 (62 percent) underwent coronary angiography, 11 underwent angioplasty, and 2 underwent myocardial revascularization. In a univariate analysis, type A/B chest pain (definitely/probably anginal) (p<0.0001), previous coronary artery disease (p<0.0001), and route 2 (patients at higher risk) correlated with a positive or inconclusive test (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: In patients with chest pain and in whom acute myocardial infarction and high-risk unstable angina had been ruled out, the exercise test proved to be feasible, safe, and well tolerated

Comparison of left ventricular electromechanical mapping and left ventricular angiography: defining practical standards for analysis of NOGA maps.

We performed this prospective cohort study to correlate the findings of left ventricular angiography (LVA) and NOGA left ventricular electromechanical mapping (LVEM) in the evaluation of cardiac wall motion and also to establish standards for wall motion assessment by LVEM. Fifty-five patients (35 men; mean age, 60.4 +/- 11.8 years) eligible for elective left cardiac catheterization underwent LVA and LVEM. Wall motion scores, LV ejection fractions (LVEF), and LV volumes derived from LVA versus LVEM data were compared and analyzed statistically. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the accuracy of LVEM in distinguishing between normal, hypokinetic, and akinetic/dyskinetic wall motion. Mean LVEM procedure time was 37 +/- 11 minutes. The LVEM and LVA findings differed for mean LVEF (55% +/- 13% vs 36% +/- 9%), mean end-systolic volume (56 +/- 13 mL vs 36 +/- 10 mL), and mean end-diastolic volume (174 +/- 104 mL vs 123 +/- 65 mL). Mean wall motion scores (+/- SD) for normokinetic, hypokinetic, and akinetic/dyskinetic segments were 13.9% +/- 5.6%, 8.3% +/- 5.2%, and 3.2% +/- 3.1%, respectively. Cutpoints for differentiating between wall motion types were 12% and 6%. The ROC curves showed LVEM to have a 93% accuracy in differentiating between normokinetic and akinetic/dyskinetic segments and a 73% accuracy between normokinetic and hypokinetic segments. These data suggest that LVEM can differentiate between normal and abnormal cardiac wall motion, although it is more accurate at differentiating between normokinetic and akinetic/dyskinetic motion than between normokinetic and hypokinetic motion.