[The value of HRCT in predicting cerebrospinal fluid gusher during cochlear implantation].

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of temporal bone high-resolution CT（HRCT） multiplanar reconstruction（MPR） for cerebrospinal fluid（CSF） gusher during cochlear implantation in patients with inner ear malformation. Methods:The clinical data of 33 patients（36 ears） with inner ear malformation who underwent cochlear implantation were retrospectively analyzed. The predictive value of HRCT for cerebrospinal fluid gusher during cochlear implantation was evaluated. Results:The width of the cochlear foramen（P=0.024, OR=1.735） and the diameter of the inner auditory meatus（P=0.022, OR=6.119） were independent risk factors for CSF gusher during cochlear implantation. The area under the curve（AUC） of cochlear foramen width in predicting intraoperative gusher was 0.851, the sensitivity was 93.33%, and the specificity was 61.90%. The AUC of the upper and lower diameter of the internal auditory canal for predicting intraoperative gusher was 0.848, the sensitivity was 80.00%, and the specificity was 80.95%. The AUC of cochlear foramen width combined with the upper and lower diameters of the internal auditory meatus for predicting intraoperative gusher was 0.930, the sensitivity was 80.00%, and the specificity was 95.24%. Conclusion:Based on temporal bone HRCT, the prediction model of cochlear foramen width combined with the upper and lower diameter of the internal auditory canal has crucial predictive value for the "gusher" during cochlear implantation in patients with inner ear malformation.

Toxicity of micro(nano)plastics with different size and surface charge on human nasal epithelial cells and rats via intranasal exposure.

Micro (nano)plastics (MNPs) have become emerging environmental contaminants, yet their toxicity and systemic effects via intranasal exposure remain unclear. This study investigated the in vitro toxicity of thirteen polystyrene MNPs with different surface functionalization (carboxylic (C-PS), amino (A-PS), and bare (PS)) and sizes (20-2000 nm) on human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) at 10-1250 µg/mL as well as their in vivo toxicity to rats via intranasal administration at 125 µg/mL. The in vitro study showed that PS20, PS50, A-PS50, PS500, and A-PS500 significantly inhibited cell viability, which was dependent on particle concentration. A-PS induced higher cytotoxicity than C-PS and PS, and most MNPs inhibited cell proliferation after 24-h. Flow cytometry analysis suggested that PS induced cell apoptosis, while A-PS caused cell necrosis. MNPs were phagocytosed by HNEpCs and entered nucleus. The in vivo study showed that MNPs inhibited dietary behaviors of rats. Histological analysis indicated that PS20, PS200, and A-PS50 thinned out nasal mucosa. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that exposure to PS20, PS200, and A-PS50 enhanced expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRPM8). Systemic effects including hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolation and renal tubule dilatation were observed. The results suggested that nasal inhalation of MNPs may disturb energy metabolism and damage upper respiratory tract, liver, and kidneys.

Effects of combination docetaxel with NO treatment to enhance the anti-nasopharyngeal carcinoma efficiency in vitro and in vivo.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the major causes of death in Southern China. Due to the insidious location of NPC, the therapeutic effect of locoregionally advanced NPC is still unsatisfactory. In this work, to improve the treatment efficiency, combining DOC and JS-K to inhibit NPC cells (HNE-1) in vitro was investigated, as well as its possible mechanisms. Moreover, the in vivo effects of DOC and JS-K combination treatment were also evaluated in a xenograft model with HNE-1 cells. In vitro experiments including cell proliferation, migration ability, apoptosis, and expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins revealed that the combination of DOC and JS-K was able to enhance antitumor effects. In vivo results further confirmed a significant treatment effect without obvious toxicity on mice. The present work provides a promising idea for the treatment of locally advanced NPC.

Correction: Functional drug carriers formed by RGD-modified ß-CD-HPG for the delivery of docetaxel for targeted inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D2RA02301F.].

Functional drug carriers formed by RGD-modified ß-CD-HPG for the delivery of docetaxel for targeted inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells.

In this study, a drug delivery system was prepared by grafting the targeting molecule arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) onto hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG)-modified ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD-HPG) for the targeted inhibition of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. The obtained ß-CD-HPG-RGD with a relatively small size and low surface charge delivered docetaxel (Doc) effectively and displayed a targeting effect to human NPC HNE-1 cells, as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. The in vitro drug release analysis exhibited the controlled drug release kinetics of the ß-CD-HPG-RGD/Doc nanomedicine. ß-CD-HPG-RGD/Doc effectively inhibited the proliferation of HNE-1 cells and promoted apoptosis. Moreover, its biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo was assessed. The results indicate that the ß-CD-HPG-RGD/Doc nanomedicine has potential application in NPC targeting therapy.