RESUMEN
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common malignant skin tumour in the European population, with an annual estimated age-standardised incidence of 1-6 per 1000. After the head and neck, the upper and lower limbs are the most common sites affected with 14% of SCCs occurring in these areas. SCC has the potential to be a highly aggressive tumour but there are no recent studies looking at the long-term outcome of patients with extremity SCC. A retrospective study was performed of 243 patients with a total of 517 upper and lower extremity SCCs who had been followed up for at least 4yrs. All patients' lesions were studied at one institution and data was collected from the Medical and Histopathology records. We found that there is only a low rate of recurrence or metastasis for extremity SCCs and that patients had a good prognosis overall.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Extremidad Inferior , Neoplasias Cutáneas/cirugía , Extremidad Superior , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biopsia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Intramuscular myxomas are rare, benign, mesenchymal tumours that may present to a wide variety of specialties. We present a case study of an intramuscular myxoma in the psoas muscle, followed by a review of the literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of intramuscular myxomas
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de los Músculos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de los Músculos/terapia , Mixoma/diagnóstico , Mixoma/terapia , Músculos Psoas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Divertículo/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de los Músculos/complicaciones , Mixoma/complicaciones , Dolor Pélvico/etiologíaRESUMEN
The segmentation gene, runt, is expressed by a subset of the 30 neuroblasts that give rise to each neuromere of the Drosophila embryo. Runt activity in the neuroblasts is necessary for expression of even-skipped in the EL neurons. runt is therefore a good candidate for a gene specifying neuroblast identities. We have ectopically expressed Runt in restricted subsets of neuroblasts and show that Runt is sufficient to activate even-skipped expression in the progeny of specific neuroblasts. Using the marker Tau-green fluorescent protein to highlight the axons, we have found that the extra Even-skipped-expressing neurons project axons along the same pathway as the EL neurons. We find that Runt is expressed in neuroblast 3-3, supporting an autonomous role for runt during neuroblast specification.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/fisiología , Proteínas de Drosophila , Drosophila/embriología , Neuronas/citología , Factores de Transcripción , Animales , Animales Modificados Genéticamente , Axones , Sistema Nervioso Central/citología , Sistema Nervioso Central/embriología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/análisis , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Drosophila/genética , Embrión no Mamífero/citología , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas de Homeodominio/análisis , Neuroglía/química , Neuronas/química , Proteínas Nucleares , Proteínas Recombinantes de FusiónRESUMEN
The GAL4 system is a method for directed gene expression that allows genes to be expressed ectopically in numerous cell- or tissue-specific patterns. The technique is being exploited to study the Drosophila melanogaster nervous system at all stages of development, from the embryo to the adult. The GAL4 system is being used to target the expression of novel marker genes in living animals to label cells, or subcellular structures. Directed expression of toxin genes can be used as a method for targeted cell ablation to study the role of cell-cell interactions in development. Ectopic expression helps to elucidate the function of different genes in cell fate determination and differentiation, and is helping to define the regions of the brain involved in sexual behaviour.