Field-evolved resistance to nitenpyram is associated with fitness costs in whitefly.

BACKGROUND: Elucidating fitness cost associated with field-evolved insect resistance to insecticide is of particular importance to current sustainable pest control. The global pest whitefly Bemisia tabaci has developed resistance to many members of neonicotinoids, but little is known about whitefly resistance to neonicotinoid nitenpyram and its associated fitness cost. Using insecticide bioassay and life-table approach, this study aims to investigate nitenpyram resistance status in field-collected whitefly populations, and to explore whether such resistance is accompanied by a fitness cost. RESULTS: The bioassay results revealed that 14 of 29 whitefly populations displayed moderate to extremely high resistance to nitenpyram, demonstrating a widespread field-evolved resistance to nitenpyram. This field-evolved resistance in the whitefly has increased gradually over the past 3 years from 2021 to 2023. Further life-table study showed that two resistant whitefly populations exhibited longer developmental time, shorter lifespans of adult, and lower fecundity compared with the most susceptible population. The relative fitness cost of the two resistant populations was calculated as 0.69 and 0.56 by using net productive rate R0, which suggests that nitenpyram resistance comes with fitness cost in the whitefly, especially on reproduction. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results represent field-evolved high resistance to nitenpyram in the whitefly. The existing fitness costs associated with nitenpyram resistance are helpful to propose a suitable strategy for sustainable control of whiteflies by rotation or mixture of insecticide with different modes of action. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Mapping the landscape: a bibliometric study of global chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy research.

The rise of immunotherapy provided new approaches to cancer treatment. We aimed to describe the contribution of chimeric antigen receptor T cell immunotherapy to future prospects. We analyzed 8035 articles from the Web of Science Core Collection with CiteSpace that covered with various aspects with countries, institutions, authors, co-cited authors, journals, keywords, and references. The USA was the most prolific country, with the University of Pennsylvania being the most published institution. Among individual authors, June Carl H published the most articles, while Maude SL was the most frequently co-cited author. "Blood" emerged as the most cited journal. Keyword clustering revealed six core themes: "Expression," "Chimeric Antigen Receptor," "Tumor Microenvironment," "Blinatumomab," "Multiple Myeloma," and "Cytokine Release Syndrome." In the process of researching the timeline chart of keywords and references, "Large B-cell lymphoma" was located on the right side of the timeline. In the keyword prominence analysis, we found that the keywords "biomarkers," "pd-1," "antibody drug conjugate," "BCMA," and "chimeric antigen" had high explosive intensity in the recent past. We found that in terms of related diseases, "large B-cell lymphoma" and "cytokine release syndrome" are still difficult problems in the future. In the study of therapeutic methods, "BCMA," "PD-1," "chimeric antigen," and "antibody drug conjugate" deserve more attention from researchers in the future.

A Prediction Rule for Occurrence of Chronic Thromboembolic Disease After Acute Pulmonary Embolism.

BACKGROUND: Occurrence of chronic thromboembolic disease (CTED) after 3 or 6 months of standard and effective anticoagulation is not uncommon in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). To date, there has been no scoring model for the prediction of CTED occurrence. METHODS: A Prediction Rule for CTED (PRC) was established in the establishment cohort (n=1,124) and then validated in the validation cohort (n=211). Both original and simplified versions of the PRC score were provided by using different scoring and cut-offs. RESULTS: The PRC score included 10 items: active cancer (3.641; 2.338-4.944; p<0.001), autoimmune diseases (2.218; 1.545-2.891; p=0.001), body mass index >30 kg/m2 (2.186; 1.573-2.799; p=0.001), chronic immobility (2.135; 1.741-2.529; p=0.001), D-dimer >2,000 ng/mL (1.618; 1.274-1.962; p=0.005), PE with deep vein thrombosis (3.199; 2.356-4.042; p<0.001), previous venous thromboembolism (VTE) history (5.268; 3.472-7.064; p<0.001), thromboembolism besides VTE (4.954; 3.150-6.758; p<0.001), thrombophilia (3.438; 2.573-4.303; p<0.001), and unprovoked VTE (2.227; 1.471-2.983; p=0.001). In the establishment cohort, the sensitivity, specificity, Youden index (YI), and C-index were 85.5%, 79.7%, 0.652, and 0.821 (0.732-0.909) when using the original PRC score, whereas they were 87.9%, 74.6%, 0.625, and 0.807 (0.718-0.897) when using the simplified one, respectively (Kappa coefficient 0.819, p-value of McNemar's test 0.786). In the validation cohort, the sensitivity, specificity, YI, and C-index were 86.3%, 76.3%, 0.626, and 0.815 (0.707-0.923) when using the original PRC score, whereas they were 85.0%, 78.6%, 0.636, and 0.818 (0.725-0.911) when using the simplified one, respectively (Kappa coefficient 0.912, p-value of McNemar's test 0.937); both were better than that of the DASH score (72.5%, 69.5%, 0.420, and 0.621 [0.532-0.710]). CONCLUSIONS: A prediction score for CTED occurrence, termed PRC, predicted the likelihood of CTED occurrence after 3 or 6 months of standard anticoagulation in hospitalised patients with a diagnosis of acute PE.

Optimal initial duration of low molecular weight heparin lead-in before direct oral anticoagulants for short-term outcomes of hospitalized patients with non-high-risk acute pulmonary embolism.

BACKGROUND: There are currently three strategies for the duration of LMWH lead-in before DOACs in patients with acute PE: one is at least 5 days, the other is at least 3 days, and the last one is less than 3 days. Which one is the best is yet unknown. METHODS: We divided non-high-risk PE patients into short-LMWH (LMWH <3 days), intermediate-LMWH (LMWH 3-5 days), and long-LMWH (LMWH >5 days) groups, in a 1:1:2 ratio by using propensity score matching. Primary outcomes were a composite of mortality including all-cause and PE-related mortality, VTE recurrence, and major bleeding, as well as each one of them, at 3-month after PE diagnosis. RESULTS: The short-LMWH group (N = 504) had higher 3-month composite primary outcome (129 [25.6%] vs 67 [13.3%], P < 0.001), all-cause mortality (112 [22.2%] vs 39 [7.7%], P < 0.001), and PE-related mortality (48 [9.5%] vs 17 [3.4%], P < 0.001), than the intermediate-LMWH group (N = 504). The short-LMWH group also had higher 3-month composite primary outcome (129 [25.6%] vs 151 [15.0%], P < 0.001), all-cause mortality (112 [22.2%] vs 90 [8.9%], P < 0.001), and PE-related mortality (48 [9.5%] vs 41 [4.1%], P < 0.001) than the long-LMWH group (N = 1008). The VTE recurrence and major bleeding rates were similar between the short-LMWH and intermediate-LMWH groups, and between the short-LMWH and long-LMWH groups. The intermediate-LMWH and long-LMWH groups had similar 3-month primary outcomes rates in whole or in part with each other. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with non-high-risk acute PE, the optimal duration of initial LMWH lead-in before switching to DOACs could be 3 to 5 days.

Role of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in development of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism in lung cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy.

Background: The role of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), especially the long-acting factor in the development of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) in lung cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy has been understudied, although the use of rhG-CSF has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of VTE. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1,673 lung cancer patients who underwent hospitalized chemotherapy. We performed propensity score matching to offset confounding factors related to cancer-associated VTE development and classified the patients into short-acting (N = 273), long-acting (N = 273), and no rhG-CSF (N = 273) groups. The primary outcome was cumulative cancer-associated VTE development three months after all cycles of chemotherapy. Results: The overall VTE incidence in the short-acting, long-acting, and no rhG-CSF groups was 5.5%, 10.3%, and 2.2%, respectively (P <0.001). The VTE incidence in the long-acting rhG-CSF group was higher than that in the short-acting (P = 0.039) and no rhG-CSF groups (P <0.001). The VTE incidence in the short-acting rhG-CSF group was higher than that in the no rhG-CSF group (P = 0.045). The use of rhG-CSF (hazard ratio [HR] 2.337; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.236-5.251], P = 0.006) was positively correlated with VTE development among all patients, whereas the use of long-acting rhG-CSF (HR 1.917, 95% CI [1.138-4.359]; P = 0.016), was positively correlated with VTE development in patients receiving rhG-CSF. Conclusion: The use of rhG-CSF, especially long-acting rhG-CSF, increases the risk of cancer-associated VTE development compared to no rhG-CSF use in lung cancer patients who undergo hospitalized chemotherapy.

The role of green tea intake in thromboprophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer.

Background: Green tea intake has been reported to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with cardiovascular diseases or cancer. It may have a certain role in the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) among cancer patients. The current study aimed to address this issue, which has been understudied. Methods: We carried out a retrospective study to explore the role of green tea intake in cancer patients. Patients with and without green tea intake were enrolled in a 1:1 ratio by using propensity scoring matching. The primary and secondary outcomes were VTE development and mortality 1 year after cancer diagnosis, respectively. Results: The cancer patients with green tea intake (n = 425) had less VTE development (10 [2.4%] vs. 23 [5.4%], p = 0.021), VTE-related death (7 [1.6%] vs. 18 [4.2%], p = 0.026), and fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) (3 [0.7%] vs. 12 [2.8%], p = 0.019), compared with those without green tea intake (n = 425). No intake of green tea was correlated with an increase in VTE development (multivariate hazard ratio (HR) 1.758 [1.476-2.040], p < 0.001) and VTE-related mortality (HR 1.618 [1.242-1.994], p = 0.001), compared with green tea intake. Patients with green tea intake less than 525 mL per day had increased VTE development (area under the curve (AUC) 0.888 [0.829-0.947], p < 0.001; HR1.737 [1.286-2.188], p = 0.001) and VTE-related mortality (AUC 0.887 [0.819-0.954], p < 0.001; HR 1.561 [1.232-1.890], p = 0.016) than those with green tea intake more than 525 mL per day. Green tea intake caused a decrease in platelet (p < 0.001) instead of D-dimer (p = 0.297). The all-cause mortality rates were similar between green tea (39 [9.2%]) and non-green tea (48 [11.3%]) intake groups (p = 0.308), whereas the VTE-related mortality rate in the green tea intake group (7 [1.6%]) was lower than that of the non-green tea intake group (18 [4.2%]) (p = 0.026). The incidences of adverse events were similar between the green tea and non-green tea intake groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study suggests that green tea intake reduces VTE development and VTE-related mortality in cancer patients, most likely through antiplatelet mechanisms. Drinking green tea provides the efficacy of thromboprophylaxis for cancer patients.

Biomass-derived polymer as a flexible "zincophilic-hydrophobic" solid electrolyte interphase layer to enable practical Zn metal anodes.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) face significant challenges stemming from Zn dendrite growth and water-contact attack, primarily due to the lack of a well-designed solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to safeguard the Zn anode. Herein, we report a bio-mass derived polymer of chitin on Zn anode (Zn@chitin) as a novel and robust artificial SEI layer to boost the Zn anode rechargeability. The polymeric chitin SEI layer features both zincophilic and hydrophobic characteristics to target the suppressed dendritic Zn formation as well as the water-induced side reactions, thus harvesting a dendrite-free and corrosion-resistant Zn anode. More importantly, this polymeric interphase layer is strong and flexible accommodating the volume changes during repeated cycling. Based on these benefits, the Zn@chitin anode demonstrates prolonged cycling performance surpassing 1300 h under an ultra-large current density of 20 mA cm-2, and a long cycle life of 680 h with a record-high zinc utilization rate of 80 %. Besides, the assembled Zn@chitin/V2O5 full batteries reveal excellent capacity retention and rate performance under practical conditions, proving the reliability of our proposed strategy for industrial AZIBs. Our research offers valuable insights for constructing high-performance AZIBs, and simultaneously realizes the high-efficient use of cheap biomass from a "waste-to-wealth" concept.

Hierarchical Hollow TiO2@Bi2WO6 with Light-Driven Excited Bi(3-x)+ Sites for Efficient Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Reduction.

Converting CO2 into valuable chemicals via sustainable energy sources is indispensable for human development. Photothermal catalysis combines the high selectivity of photocatalysis and the high yield of thermal catalysis, which is promising for CO2 reduction. However, the present photothermal catalysts suffer from low activity due to their poor light absorption ability and fast recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. Here, a TiO2@Bi2WO6 heterojunction photocatalyst featuring a hierarchical hollow structure was prepared by an in situ growth method. The visible light absorption and photothermal effect of the TiO2@Bi2WO6 photocatalyst is promoted by a hierarchical hollow structure, while the recombination phenomenon is significantly mitigated due to the construction of the heterojunction interface and the existence of excited Bi(3-x)+ sites. Such a catalyst exhibits excellent photothermal performance with a CO yield of 43.7 µmol h-1 g-1, which is 15 and 4.7 times higher than that of pure Bi2WO6 and that of physically mixed TiO2/Bi2WO6, respectively. An in situ study shows that the pathway for the transformation of CO2 into CO over our TiO2@Bi2WO6 proceeds via two important intermediates, including COO- and COOH-. Our work provides a new idea of excited states for the design and synthesis of highly efficient photothermal catalysts for CO2 conversion.

Glutathione S-transferase directly metabolizes imidacloprid in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci poses a significant threat to various crops and ornamental plants and causes severe damage to the agricultural industry. Over the past few decades, B. tabaci has developed resistance to several pesticides, including imidacloprid. Therefore, elucidating the mechanism that leads to insecticide detoxification is very important for controlling B. tabaci and managing whitefly resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. Among insect detoxification enzymes, glutathione S-transferase (GST) is an important phase II detoxification enzyme that helps detoxify exogenous toxic substances. In this study, we cloned the BtGSTz1 gene and observed that its expression level was greater in imidacloprid-resistant populations than sensitive populations of B. tabaci. By silencing BtGSTz1 via RNA interference, we found a significant increase in the mortality of imidacloprid-resistant B. tabaci. Additionally, prokaryotic expression and in vitro metabolism studies revealed that the recombinant BtGSTz1 protein could metabolize 36.36% of the total imidacloprid, providing direct evidence that BtGSTz1 plays a crucial role in the detoxification of imidacloprid. Overall, our study elucidated the role of GSTs in physiological activities related to insecticide resistance, which helps clarify the resistance mechanisms conferred by GSTs and provides useful insights for sustainable integrated pest management.

More applicable quantification of non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants by on-site plant-integrated measurements.

Wastewater treatment is an important source of non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, current quantification of these GHG emissions mainly employs unit-based measurements, where emissions from individual process units are identified, leading to large uncertainties of overall emissions. Here we introduce plant-integrated measurements, where emissions from the whole plant are measured through the off-gas pipelines of the enclosed facility, to quantify methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from an underground municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in southern China. Our results show that the primary oxic tank contributes the largest in total CH4 and N2O emissions, with an average fraction of over 80 % and over 90 %, respectively. This can be attributed to the vigorous aeration process, which facilitates the transfer of dissolved CH4 and N2O from the liquid phase to the atmosphere through intensive air stripping. The plant-integrated measurements yield around 3-9 times higher emission factors of CH4 and N2O than the unit-based measurements. This difference in emission accounting is attributed to both varying survey durations of the two approaches and the omission of uncertain emission sources during unit-based measurements. The comparison between these two approaches indicates that plant-integrated measurements are more applicable for emission quantification of the whole plant whereas unit-based measurements provide insights into the emission characteristics of individual process units. More plant-integrated measurements are needed in the future for more accurate emission accounting of WWTPs.

Regulation of soldier caste differentiation by microRNAs in Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki).

The soldier caste is one of the most distinguished castes inside the termite colony. The mechanism of soldier caste differentiation has mainly been studied at the transcriptional level, but the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in soldier caste differentiation is seldom studied. In this study, the workers of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were treated with methoprene, a juvenile hormone analog which can induce workers to transform into soldiers. The miRNomes of the methoprene-treated workers and the controls were sequenced. Then, the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) were corrected with the differentially expressed genes DEGs to construct the DEmiR-DEG regulatory network. Afterwards, the DEmiR-regulated DEGs were subjected to GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment analysis. A total of 1,324 miRNAs were identified, among which 116 miRNAs were screened as DEmiRs between the methoprene-treated group and the control group. A total of 4,433 DEmiR-DEG pairs were obtained. No GO term was recognized as significant in the cellular component, molecular function, or biological process categories. The KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEmiR-regulated DEGs showed that the ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes and circadian rhythm-fly pathways were enriched. This study demonstrates that DEmiRs and DEGs form a complex network regulating soldier caste differentiation in termites.

Cytochrome P450 CYP6EM1 Underpins Dinotefuran Resistance in the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci.

Being a destructive pest worldwide, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci has evolved resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides. The third-generation neonicotinoid dinotefuran has commonly been applied to the control of the whitefly, but its underlying mechanism is currently unknown. On the base of our transcriptome data, here we aim to investigate whether the cytochrome P450 CYP6EM1 underlies dinotefuran resistance in the whitefly. Compared to the susceptible strain, the CYP6EM1 gene was found to be highly expressed in both laboratory and field dinotefuran-resistant populations. Upon exposure to dinotefuran, the mRNA levels of CYP6EM1 were increased. These results demonstrate the involvement of this gene in dinotefuran resistance. Loss and gain of functional studies in vivo were conducted through RNAi and transgenic Drosophila melanogaster assays, confirming the role of CYP6EM1 in conferring such resistance. In a metabolism assay in vitro, the CYP6EM1 protein could metabolize 28.11% of dinotefuran with a possible dinotefuran-dm-NNO metabolite via UPLC-QTOF/MS. Docking of dinotefuran to the CYP6EM1 protein showed a good binding affinity, with an energy of less than -6.0 kcal/mol. Overall, these results provide compelling evidence that CYP6EM1 plays a crucial role in the metabolic resistance of B. tabaci to dinotefuran. Our work provides new insights into the mechanism underlying neonicotinoid resistance and applied knowledge that can contribute to sustainable control of a global pest such as whitefly.

Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis of Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Endometrium Reveals ISL1 as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosis and Treatment.

BACKGROUND: As a dedifferentiated tumor, small cell endometrial neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare and frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. Current treatment recommendations are often extrapolated from histologically similar tumors in other sites or based on retrospective studies. The exploration for diagnostic and therapeutic markers in small cell NETs is of great significance. METHODS: In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on a specimen obtained from a patient diagnosed with small cell endometrial neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) based on pathology. We revealed the cell map and intratumoral heterogeneity of the cancer cells through data analysis. Further, we validated the function of ISL LIM Homeobox 1 (ISL1) in vitro in an established neuroendocrine cell line. Finally, we examined the association between ISL1 and tumor staging in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patient samples. RESULTS: We observed the significant upregulation of ISL1 expression in tumor cells that showed high expression of the neuroepithelial markers. Additionally, in vitro cell function experiments demonstrated that the high ISL1 expression group exhibited markedly higher cell proliferation and migration abilities compared to the low expression group. Finally, we showed that the expression level of ISL1 was correlated with SCLC stages. CONCLUSIONS: ISL1 protein in NETs shows promise as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and treatment.

[Retracted] Liraglutide repairs the infarcted heart: The role of the SIRT1/Parkin/mitophagy pathway.

Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editors' attention by a concerned reader that the immunofluorescence data shown in Fig. 2G, the mitochondria­ and lysosome­stained images in Fig. 3C, the JC­1 staining images in Fig. 4C and the immunofluorescence data in Fig. 5G were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles written by different authors at different research institutes that had either already been published elsewhere prior to the submission of this paper to Molecular Medicine Reports, or were under consideration for publication at around the same time. In view of the fact that certain of the abovementioned data had already apparently been published previously, the Editor of Molecular Medicine Reports has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. After having been in contact with the authors, they agreed with the decision to retract the paper. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused. [Molecular Medicine Reports 17: 3722­3734, 2018; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8371].

Dual mutations in the whitefly nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ß1 subunit confer target-site resistance to multiple neonicotinoid insecticides.

Neonicotinoid insecticides, which target insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), have been widely and intensively used to control the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, a highly damaging, globally distributed, crop pest. This has inevitably led to the emergence of populations with resistance to neonicotinoids. However, to date, there have been no reports of target-site resistance involving mutation of B. tabaci nAChR genes. Here we characterize the nAChR subunit gene family of B. tabaci and identify dual mutations (A58T&R79E) in one of these genes (BTß1) that confer resistance to multiple neonicotinoids. Transgenic D. melanogaster, where the native nAChR Dß1 was replaced with BTß1A58T&R79E, were significantly more resistant to neonicotinoids than flies where Dß1 were replaced with the wildtype BTß1 sequence, demonstrating the causal role of the mutations in resistance. The two mutations identified in this study replace two amino acids that are highly conserved in >200 insect species. Three-dimensional modelling suggests a molecular mechanism for this resistance, whereby A58T forms a hydrogen bond with the R79E side chain, which positions its negatively-charged carboxylate group to electrostatically repulse a neonicotinoid at the orthosteric site. Together these findings describe the first case of target-site resistance to neonicotinoids in B. tabaci and provide insight into the molecular determinants of neonicotinoid binding and selectivity.

High glucose intake exacerbates experimental autoimmune prostatitis through mitochondrial reactive oxygen species-dependent TGF-ß activation-mediated Th17 differentiation.

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common inflammatory immune disease of the urogenital system. High glucose intake is considered to be a potential promoter of autoimmune diseases. However, the influence of high glucose intake on CP/CPPS is unknown. This research aimed to explore the influences of high glucose intake on experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP), a valid animal model of CP/CPPS, and the underlying mechanism. NOD mice received 20% glucose water or normal water treatment during EAP induction. EAP severity and Th17 cell responses were evaluated. Then, we explored the effects of an IL-17A neutralizing antibody, an inhibitor of TGF-ß, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitor NAC, and the mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) antioxidant MitoQ on glucose-fed EAP mice. The results demonstrated that high glucose intake aggravated EAP severity and promoted Th17 cell generation, which could be ameliorated by the neutralization of IL-17A. In vitro experiments showed that high dextrose concentrations promoted Th17 cell differentiation through mtROS-dependent TGF-ß activation. Treatment with TGF-ß blockade, NAC, or MitoQ suppressed Th17 cell generation both in vivo and in vitro, resulting in the amelioration of EAP manifestations caused by high glucose intake. This study revealed that high glucose intake exacerbates EAP through mtROS-dependent TGF-ß activation-mediated Th17 differentiation. Our results may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the detrimental effects of an environmental factor, such as high glucose intake, on CP/CPPS.

Synergistic effect of K and Zn on Fe-based catalysts for efficient CO2 hydrogenation.

Excessive emission of CO2 into the atmosphere has severely impacted the global ecological environment. Converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels is of great significance for sustainable development. However, low activity and undesirable selectivity often result from the inherent inertness of CO2. Herein, K- or/and Zn-modified Fe-based catalysts were prepared by an incipient-wetness impregnation method for CO2 hydrogenation via a cascade reaction. The results indicate that K species exist as K2O while Zn species exist as ZnFe2O4. In the CO2 hydrogenation pathway, K2O facilitates the adsorption of CO2 and restrains the adsorption of H2, accelerating the transformation of CO2 into C2-C4 olefins rather than paraffins while Zn species promote the dispersion of Fe species, leading to improved activity. Synergistically, a K- and Zn-modified Fe-based catalyst (2Zn-10K-Fe/Al) shows excellent catalytic CO2 hydrogenation activity, achieving a CO2 conversion of 77% which is 1.8 times that (42%) of the unmodified Fe-based catalyst (Fe/Al). Our catalyst also shows a significantly promoted selectivity to C2-C4 olefins of 17% in comparison with the Fe/Al catalyst (0%). It is envisioned that such a binary effect of elements might contribute to the low-cost and industrial production of Fe-based catalysts for selective CO2 conversion.

Mediating Triple Ions Migration Behavior via a Fluorinated Separator Interface toward Highly Reversible Aqueous Zn Batteries.

Rampant dendrite growth, electrode passivation and severe corrosion originate from the uncontrolled ions migration behavior of Zn2+ , SO4 2- , and H+ , which are largely compromising the aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) performance. Exploring the ultimate strategy to eliminate all the Zn anode issues is challenging but urgent at present. Herein, a fluorinated separator interface (PVDF@GF) is constructed simply by grafting the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) on the GF surface to realize high-performance AZIBs. Experimental and theoretical studies reveal that the strong interaction between C─F bonds in the PVDF and Zn2+ ions enables evenly redistributed Zn2+ ions concentration at the electrode interface and accelerates the Zn transportation kinetics, leading to homogeneous and fast Zn deposition. Furthermore, the electronegative separator interface can spontaneously repel the SO4 2- and anchor H+ ions to alleviate the passivation and corrosion. Accordingly, the Zn|Zn symmetric cell with PVDF@GF harvests a superior cycling stability of 500 h at 10 mAh cm-2 , and the Zn|VOX full cell delivers 76.8% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 2 A g-1 . This work offers an all-round solution and provides new insights for the design of advanced separators with ionic sieve function toward stable and reversible Zn metal anode chemistry.

Dynamic monitoring of the insecticide resistance status of Bemisia tabaci across China from 2019-2021.

BACKGROUND: Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a major agricultural insect pest that causes severe economic losses worldwide. Several insecticides have been applied to effectively control this key pest. However, owing to the indiscriminate use of chemical insecticides, B. tabaci has developed resistance against these chemical compounds over the past several years. RESULTS: From 2019 to 2021, 23 field samples of B. tabaci were collected across China. Twenty species were identified as the Mediterranean 'Q' type (MED) and three were identified as MED/ Middle East-Asia Minor 1 mixtures. Subsequently, resistance of the selected populations to different insecticides was evaluated. The results showed that 13 populations developed low levels of resistance to abamectin. An overall upward trend in B. tabaci resistance toward spirotetramat, cyantraniliprole and pyriproxyfen was observed. In addition, resistance to thiamethoxam remained low-to-moderate in the 23 field populations. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the overall resistance of the field-collected B. tabaci populations has shown an upward trend over the years in China. We believe our study can provide basic data to support integrated pest management and insecticide resistance management of field B. tabaci in China. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.