RESUMEN
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is associated with a spectrum of developmental impairments known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). The prevalence of this syndrome varies across ZIKV endemic regions, suggesting that its occurrence could depend on cofactors. Here, we evaluate the relevance of protein malnutrition for the emergence of CZS. Epidemiological data from the ZIKV outbreak in the Americas suggest a relationship between undernutrition and cases of microcephaly. To experimentally examine this relationship, we use immunocompetent pregnant mice, which were subjected to protein malnutrition and infected with a Brazilian ZIKV strain. We found that the combination of protein restriction and ZIKV infection leads to severe alterations of placental structure and embryonic body growth, with offspring displaying a reduction in neurogenesis and postnatal brain size. RNA-seq analysis reveals gene expression deregulation required for brain development in infected low-protein progeny. These results suggest that maternal protein malnutrition increases susceptibility to CZS.
Asunto(s)
Desnutrición/complicaciones , Infección por el Virus Zika/congénito , Infección por el Virus Zika/complicaciones , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Peso Corporal , Encéfalo/enzimología , Encéfalo/patología , Brasil/epidemiología , Dieta con Restricción de Proteínas , Brotes de Enfermedades , Embrión de Mamíferos/patología , Femenino , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica , Desnutrición/virología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Microcefalia/complicaciones , Microcefalia/virología , Neurogénesis , Tamaño de los Órganos , Embarazo , Síndrome , Carga Viral , Infección por el Virus Zika/virologíaRESUMEN
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rare in the pediatric population, accounting for 2-3 percent of childhood leukemia cases, with an annual incidence of one case per million children. The low toxicity profile of imatinib mesylate has led to its approval as a front-line therapy in children for whom interferon treatment has failed or who have relapsed after allogeneic transplantation. We describe the positive responses of 2 children (case 1 - from a 7-year-old male since May 2005; case 2 - from a 5-year-old female since June 2006) with Philadelphia-positive chromosome CML treated with imatinib (300 mg/day, orally) for up to 28 months, as evaluated by morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular approaches. Our patients are alive, are in the chronic phase, and are in continuous morphological complete remission.
Asunto(s)
Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Leucemia Mielógena Crónica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Piperazinas/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Neoplasia Residual , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rare in the pediatric population, accounting for 2-3% of childhood leukemia cases, with an annual incidence of one case per million children. The low toxicity profile of imatinib mesylate has led to its approval as a front-line therapy in children for whom interferon treatment has failed or who have relapsed after allogeneic transplantation. We describe the positive responses of 2 children (case 1 - from a 7-year-old male since May 2005; case 2 - from a 5-year-old female since June 2006) with Philadelphia-positive chromosome CML treated with imatinib (300 mg/day, orally) for up to 28 months, as evaluated by morphological, cytogenetic, and molecular approaches. Our patients are alive, are in the chronic phase, and are in continuous morphological complete remission.