Pulmonary Open, Robotic, and Thoracoscopic Lobectomy (PORTaL) Study: Survival Analysis of 6646 Cases.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze overall survival (OS) of robotic-assisted lobectomy (RL), video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy (VATS), and open lobectomy (OL) performed by experienced thoracic surgeons across multiple institutions. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Surgeons have increasingly adopted RL for resection of early-stage lung cancer. Comparative survival data following these approaches is largely from single-institution case series or administrative data sets. METHODS: Retrospective data was collected from 21 institutions from 2013 to 2019. Consecutive cases performed for clinical stage IA-IIIA lung cancer were included. Induction therapy patients were excluded. The propensity-score method of inverse-probability of treatment weighting was used to balance baseline characteristics. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate association among OS and relevant risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 2789 RL, 2661 VATS, and 1196 OL cases were included. The unadjusted 5-year OS rate was highest for OL (84%) followed by RL (81%) and VATS (74%); P =0.008. Similar trends were also observed after inverse-probability of treatment weighting adjustment (RL 81%; VATS 73%, OL 85%, P =0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that OL and RL were associated with significantly higher OS compared with VATS (OL vs. VATS: hazard ratio=0.64, P <0.001 and RL vs. VATS: hazard ratio=0.79; P =0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Our finding from this large multicenter study suggests that patients undergoing RL and OL have statistically similar OS, while the VATS group was associated with shorter OS. Further studies with longer follow-up are necessary to help evaluate these observations.

Pulmonary Open, Robotic, and Thoracoscopic Lobectomy (PORTaL) Study: An Analysis of 5721 Cases.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes of open lobectomy (OL), VATS, and robotic-assisted lobectomy (RL). SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Robotic-assisted lobectomy has seen increasing adoption for treatment of early-stage lung cancer. Comparative data regarding these approaches is largely from single-institution case series or administrative datasets. METHODS: Retrospective data was collected from 21 institutions from 2013 to 2019. All consecutive cases performed for clinical stage IA-IIIA lung cancer were included. Neoadjuvant cases were excluded. Propensity-score matching (1:1) was based on age, sex, race, smoking-status, FEV1%, Zubrod score, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, tumor size, and clinical T and N stage. RESULTS: A total of 2391 RL, 2174 VATS, and 1156 OL cases were included. After propensity-score matching there were 885 pairs of RL vs OL, 1,711 pairs of RL vs VATS, and 952 pairs of VATS vs OL. Operative time for RL was shorter than VATS ( P < 0.0001) and OL ( P = 0.0004). Compared to OL, RL and VATS had less overall postoperative complications, shorter hospital stay (LOS), and lower transfusion rates (all P <0.02). Compared to VATS, RL had lower conversion rate ( P <0.0001), shorter hospital stay ( P <0.0001) and a lower postoperative transfusion rate ( P =0.01). RL and VATS cohorts had comparable postoperative complication rates. In-hospital mortality was comparable between all groups. CONCLUSIONS: RL and VATS approaches were associated with favorable perioperative outcomes compared to OL. Robotic-assisted lobectomy was also associated with a reduced length of stay and decreased conversion rate when compared to VATS.

Pulmonary resection using a total endoscopic robotic video-assisted approach.

We have developed a robotic video-assisted thoracoscopic technique (RVATS) for lung resection that could encourage broader use of minimally invasive lobectomy. During December 2006 to September 2010, RVATS was performed in 200 consecutive patients (90 women, 110 men) with the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc, Sunnyvale, CA). Pulmonary resection was performed through ports without the need for a utility incision. Data on patients' perioperative results were collected retrospectively. Robotic video-assisted pulmonary resection was accomplished in 197 of 200 patients. A total of 154 patients underwent lobectomy; 4 patients required bilobectomy, and 35 patients underwent segmentectomy. Three patients underwent a sleeve lobectomy, and 3 patients had an en-bloc resection with lobectomy. One patient received a left pneumonectomy. Three patients required conversion to a thoracotomy. The median operative time was 90 minutes. The median length of hospital stay was 3 days. 60-day mortality and morbidity was 2% and 26%, respectively. RVATS lung resection is technically feasible, safe, and results indicate the procedure is associated with reduced length of stay, low morbidity, and mortality.

Robotic-assisted Heller myotomy for esophageal achalasia: feasibility, technique, and short-term outcomes.

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy is the standard surgical treatment for esophageal achalasia. The incidence of esophageal perforation is about 5-10%. Robotic-assisted Heller myotomy (RAHM) offers results at least as good as those from laparoscopic procedures, additionally yielding fewer intraoperative complications. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety and feasibility of RAHM and its value in the treatment of esophageal achalasia. We analyzed demographics, preoperative symptoms, esophagograms, esophageal manometry, intraoperative and postoperative data of all the patients who underwent RAHM for achalasia at three institutions: 36 women and 37 men, mean age 45 ± 16 (13-87) years. Dysphagia was present in 100% of patients. Thirty-three patients (45%) had had previous endoscopic treatment: 23 patients had pneumatic dilation, four patients had Botox injections, and six patients had both. Surgical time averaged 119 min (range of 62-211); blood loss averaged 23 ml; no mucosal perforations were observed; length of hospitalization was 1.5 days; there were no deaths. At 12 months, 96% of patients had relief of their dysphagia. In conclusion, RAHM is safe and effective since there were no intraoperative esophageal perforations and relief of symptoms was achieved in 96% of the patients.

Total port-access robot-assisted pulmonary lobectomy without utility thoracotomy.

Robot-assisted lobectomy has been reported elsewhere as a feasible technique for lobectomy. We report a modification of the previously reported technique using a complete port-access approach without utility thoracotomy.