Tocopherol Contents of Pulp Oils Extracted from Ripe and Unripe Avocado Fruits Dried by Different Drying Systems.

The tocopherol contents of unripe and ripe avocado fruit oil extracted from Pinkerton, Hass and Fuerte varieties were determined after drying fruit using air, microwave or oven drying methods. The α-tocopherol content changed between 13.70 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) and 28.06 mg/100 g (air-dried) in oil from unripe Pinkerton fruit; between 14.86 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) and 88.12 mg/100 g (fresh) in oil from unripe Hass fruit and between 13.31 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) and 17.35 mg/100 g (oven-dried) in oil from unripe Fuerte fruit. The α-tocopherol contents in oil from ripe Fuerte fruit changed between 13.21 mg/100 g (fresh) and 17.61 mg/100 g (oven-dried). In addition, γ-tocopherol contents varied between 11.55 mg/100 g (air-dried) and 14.61 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) unripe "Pinkerton" fruit; between 11.52 mg/100 g (air-dried) and 15.01 mg/100 g (fresh) in unripe Hass fruit and between 12.17 mg/100 g (air-dried) and 15.27 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) unripe Fuerte fruit. The γ-tocopherol contents ranged from 12.71 mg/100 g (fresh) to 17.40 mg/100 g (oven-dried) in ripe Hass fruit; from 10.29 mg/100 g (fresh) and 17.20 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) ripe Fuerte fruit. α-, ß-, γ- and δ-tocopherols could not be detected in ripe fresh Pinkerton fruit. In general, ß- and δ-tocopherol could not be detected in most of the unripe and ripe avocado fruit oils. α-Tocopherol and γ-tocopherol contents of dried ripe Fuerte fruit oils were found to be higher compared to those of dried unripe Fuerte fruits.

The Effect of Solvent Type and Roasting Processes on Physico-Chemical Properties of Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) Tuber Oil.

In this study, physico-chemical properties of raw and roasted tigernut oils extracted by two different solvents were determined. Peroxide values of raw and roasted tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether and n-hexane solvents changed between 0.83 and 0.91 meqO2/100g to 1.57 and 1.63 meqO2/100g, respectively. While oleic acid contents of raw tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether and n-hexane are determined as 66.83 and 67.47%, oleic acid contents of roasted tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether and n-hexane were determined as 67.08 and 68.16%, respectively. The highest δ-tocopherol content was found in raw tigernut oil extracted by petroleum ether (54.91 mg/100g), while the lowest level is determined in roasted tigernut oil by n-hexane (50.77 mg/100g). As a result, the fatty acid profiles of roasted tigernut oil extracted by n-hexane were higher compared to results of raw tigernut oils extracted by petroleum ether (p < 0.05).