Antidiabetic and Antidyslipidemic Effects of Artemisia mesatlantica, an Endemic Plant from Morocco.

AIMS: The study aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic activities of Artemisia mesatlantica. BACKGROUND: Artemisia mesatlantica is an endemic plant of Morocco used in traditional medicine as an alternative treatment for diabetes. OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to examine the antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemicability of aqueous extract of Artemisia mesatlantica (AMAE) in experimental animal models. METHODS: The effect of the single and repeated oral administration (7 days of treatment) of AMAE (60 mg/kg) on blood glucose and lipid profile were assessed in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, to confirm the antidyslipidemic effect of Artemisia mesatlantica, a model of hyperlipidemia induced by tyloxapol (Triton WR-1339) in rats was used. RESULTS: The AMAE (60 mg/kg) was able to significantly reduce glycaemia, improve lipid profile and increase hepatic glycogen content in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In addition, pretreatment of rats for 7 consecutive days with an aqueous extract of Artemisia mesatlantica (600 mg/kg) prior to tyloxapol injection prevented increases in plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL-c. CONCLUSION: From these observed results, it can be deduced that Artemisia mesatlantica possesses remarkable antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties.

Mercurial risk from dental amalgam use in a population of Moroccan dentists: A latent class regression approach.

BACKGROUND: Dentists using dental amalgam are chronically exposed to low doses of elemental mercury. The complex toxico-kinetics of this systemic toxicant results in polymorphic and variable clinical phenotypes. In this context, adapted statistical methods are required to highlight potential adverse effects of occupational mercury exposure on dentists' health. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to analyze the distribution of self-reported subjective symptoms, commonly associated with chronic mercury poisoning, according to occupational mercury exposure in a population of Moroccan liberal dentists. METHODS: In order to achieve the defined objectives, a three-step latent class regression was fitted. First a latent class analysis was performed to cluster the studied population according to their declared symptoms. Dentists were then classified in the defined latent classes based on their posterior probabilities. Finally, a logistic regression is fitted to identify predictors associated with the latent classes' membership. RESULTS: The final obtained model showed acceptable calibration and discrimination. Its interpretation revealed that the increase of the frequency of amalgam use was associated with significant higher odds of belonging to the high risk latent class. CONCLUSIONS: The present study represents an initial step towards the development of diagnosis model that predict clinical profiles according to occupational mercury exposure.

Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of Rumex vesicarius (L.) through receptor-operated calcium channels in hypertensive rats.

AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess the antihypertensive activity of Rumex vesicarius. BACKGROUND: The genus Rumex (sorrel, Polygonaceae), containing approximately 200 species, is distributed worldwide (African, European, Asian, and American countries). It is widely used in traditional medicine as analgesic, diuretic, antispasmodic, and antihypertensive plants. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the possible antihypertensive vasorelaxant capacity and effect on angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) of the aqueous extract of Rumex vesicarius (R. vesicarius). MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the present study, the aqueous extract of R. vesicarius (AERV) was prepared, its antihypertensive activity was examined in N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats, and its vasorelaxant ability along with its effect on stimulating or inhibiting ACE-2 were performed in isolated rat thoracic aorta. RESULTS: The results indicated that AERV decreased the systolic, diastolic, mean, and mean arterial blood pressure in hypertensive rats. The data revealed that AERV exerted its antihypertensive effect through vasodilatory properties via an endothelium-independent pathway. Interestingly, the study demonstrated that the vasorelaxation ability of AERV might be mediated through receptor-operated calcium channels (ROCC). However, AERV extract had no effect on either stimulating or inhibiting ACE-2. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates clearly the antihypertensive and vasorelaxant activities of R. vesicarius in hypertensive rats, supporting its beneficial action as an antihypertensive agent.

Effect of Pulicaria mauritanica on Glucose Metabolism and Glycogen Content in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

AIMS: The study aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic activity of Pulicaria mauritanica. BACKGROUND: Pulicaria mauritanica is a medicinal and aromatic plant used for the treatment of many diseases such as inflammation, diabetes, and intestinal disorders. OBJECTIVE: The main goals of this present paper were to confirm the antihyperglycemic capacity of aqueous extract from Pulicaria mauritanica in normoglycemic and diabetic rats over a period of time (7 days of treatment). METHODS: The effect of the aqueous extract of Pulicaria mauritanica from aerial parts (AEPM) on glucose and lipid metabolism was tested using an acute test (single dose during 6 hours) and subchronic assay (repeated oral administration for seven days) at a dose of 60 mg/kg and the serum glucose levels were measured in normoglycemic and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In addition, the glycogen content in the liver, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus was evaluated. The antioxidant activity, phytochemical screening, and quantification of some secondary metabolites of this extract were also performed. RESULTS: AEPM at a dose of 60 mg/kg reduced the plasma glucose concentrations significantly in STZ-induced diabetic rats after a single oral administration (p<0.05). This lowering effect became more significant during the repeated oral administration in hyperglycemic rats (p<0.0001). Also, the findings showed that this plant exhibited a significant increase in liver and skeletal soleus muscle glycogen content in diabetic rats. AEPM revealed a remarkable antioxidant activity in addition to the presence of polyphenol compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, sterols, glucides, terpenoids, quinones, anthraquinones, and mucilage. CONCLUSION: The study shows that AEPM exhibits antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats, and it increases liver and muscle glycogen content.

Effect of Pelargonium graveolens on Glucose Metabolism in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

AIMS: The study aimed to assess the antihyperglycemic activity of Pelargonium graveolens. BACKGROUND: Pelargonium graveolens (P. graveolens) (Geraniaceae) is a medicinal plant frequently used in traditional medicine in Morocco and Algeria as remedy against a multitude of illnesses. Interestingly, it is used in the Moroccan pharmacopeia for managing diabetes. OBJECTIVE: The current study was carried out in order to assess the antihyperglycemic activity of P. graveolens in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats, as well as to evaluate the acute toxicity of the leaves aqueous extract of Pelargonium graveolens (PGLAE). METHODS: The therapeutic effect of PGLAE at a dose of 40 mg/kg on blood glucose levels was investigated in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats after a single oral (6h) and a repeated (15 days) oral administration. The acute toxicity of the PGLAE was examined in accordance the OECD test guideline. Post-treatment, body weight, signs of toxicity, and/or mortality were observed for 14 days. Further assays such as the oral glucose tolerance test, histopathological examination and antioxidant activity was also performed according to standard protocols. RESULTS: Findings exhibited that both single and repeated oral doses of PGLAE (40 mg/kg) produced significant reduction of blood glucose levels in normal and diabetic rats. All treated animals survived and no apparent adverse effects were observed during the duration of the acute toxicity study. Importantly, oral LD50 of PGLAE was greater than 2000 mg/kg BW. Furthermore, a remarkable influence on glucose tolerance was also noticed after PGLAE treatment. Moreover, PGLAE was able to improve histopathological structure of liver and possesses a potential antioxidant effect in vitro. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, this study reports the antidiabetic effect of PGLAE in rats supporting then its traditional use for the management of diabetes.

Aqueous Extract of Brassica rapa Exerts Antihyperglycemic Activity in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats.

AIMS: The aim of the study was to assess the antihyperglycemic effect of Brassica rapa. BACKGROUND: Brassica rapa (turnip) is used as an antidiabetic plant. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Brassica rapa seeds (AEBRS) on glycemia in vivo. METHODS: The effect of AEBRS (60 mg/kg) on glycemia and lipid profiles was evaluated. Besides, preliminary phytochemical analysis and the in vitro antioxidant effect were evaluated. RESULTS: AEBRS caused a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in diabetic rats (p<0.0001). In contrast, no significant effect was observed on lipid profiles, whereas antioxidant potential of this extract has been shown. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of many important phytochemical families. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that AEBRS has a potent antihyperglycemic ability in diabetic rats.

[Mercury exposure and dentists' health status in two regions of centrall Morocco: descriptive cross-sectional survey]. / Exposition au mercure et état de santé des médecins dentistes de deux régions du centre du Maroc: enquête transversale descriptive.

INTRODUCTION: mercury exposure is recognized as a worldwide public health concern. However, the effect of long-term exposure to low-doses of this heavy metal is still subject to debate. Due to the use of mercury in dental amalgam, dental health care professionals are chronically exposed to low-doses of this metal. In this context, we have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey among liberal dentists in two regions of the center of Morocco. In parallel, the global health status of participants was investigated to assess the relevance of a subsequent etiological survey. METHODS: data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Occupational exposure of dentists to mercury was evaluated based on their use of dental amalgam. Moreover, the other common factors increasing the background pollution or inducing exposure peaks were also investigated. On the other hand, smoking, vaccination, fish consumption, and the number of dental amalgam in mouth were considered as non-occupational exposure sources. Finally, the self-reported global health problems of participants were collected. RESULTS: 192 dentists were included in the present study. Seventy-six percent (76.04%) of them declared using dental amalgam in their practice. Moreover, the presence of dental amalgam in mouth was identified as the main non-occupational source of exposure to mercury (63.45% of participants). Finally, most of participants (46.35%) have expressed neuropsychological complaints. CONCLUSION: altogether, our results revealed a real mercury exposure in the studied population. Thus, effective preventive measures should be promoted to minimize the mercury exposure in dental offices. Moreover, an etiological study will be of great interest to reveal the impact of mercury exposure in this population.

Antidiabetic Effect of Spearmint in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mentha spicata is a medicinal plant with several beneficial effects on health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of this plant in the experimental diabetic state. METHODS: In this work, the effect of Mentha spicata (L.) (M. spicata) aerial part aqueous extract (A.P.A.E) at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight on blood glucose levels has been demonstrated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Additionally, a preliminary phytochemical screening for various bioactive constituents was realized and a dosage of polyphenols and flavonoid has been done. Moreover, the histopathological changes in liver and pancreas have been evaluated both in normal and STZ diabetic rats. The effect of M. spicata aqueous extract to improve glucose tolerance in normal rats was also evaluated. RESULTS: In normal rats, both a single and repeated administration of the A.P.A.E (20 mg/kg) had not shown a significant reduction in blood glucose levels. However, repeated oral administration of M. spicata aqueous extract showed a significant blood glucose lowering effect (p<0.0001) in STZ diabetic rats. The blood glucose lowering activity of A.P.A.E was comparable to glibenclamide treatment at the dose used. Also, a histopathological study has showed the better act of M. spicata in pancreas and liver. Moreover, the oral glucose tolerance test demonstrated the ability of the aqueous extract (20 mg/kg) to improve the increase in blood glucose levels in normal treated rats. In the current study, no significant changes in body weight in normal and STZ rats have been shown. In addition, the preliminary phytochemical screening of M. spicata A.P.A.E. showed the presence of several beneficial compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins, saponins, sterol, glucides, glycosides, terpenoids and reducing sugars. Furthermore, the result of dosage of some bioactive compounds present in this plant showed an important value of polyphenol (424.37±43.93 mg EAG) and showed also a non-negligible content of flavonoid. (9.74 ±0.39 mg EQ/g of extract). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, aqueous M. spicata extract exhibits an interesting antidiabetic effect in streptozotocin rats.

In Silico Evaluation of the Potential Antiarrhythmic Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate on Cardiac Channelopathies.

Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that allow the passage of ions according to the direction of their electrochemical gradients. Mutations in more than 30 genes encoding ion channels have been associated with an increasingly wide range of inherited cardiac arrhythmias. In this line, ion channels become one of the most important molecular targets for several classes of drugs, including antiarrhythmics. Nevertheless, antiarrhythmic drugs are usually accompanied by some serious side effects. Thus, developing new approaches could offer added values to prevent and treat the episodes of arrhythmia. In this sense, green tea catechins seem to be a promising alternative because of the significant effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (E3G) on the electrocardiographic wave forms of guinea pig hearts. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits-risks balance of E3G consumption in the setting of ion channel mutations linked with aberrant cardiac excitability phenotypes. Two gain-of-function mutations, Nav1.5-p.R222Q and Nav1.5-p.I141V, which are linked with cardiac hyperexcitability phenotypes were studied. Computer simulations of action potentials (APs) show that 30 µM E3G reduces and suppresses AP abnormalities characteristics of these phenotypes. These results suggest that E3G may have a beneficial effect in the setting of cardiac sodium channelopathies displaying a hyperexcitability phenotype.

The dual function of ovo/shavenbaby in germline and epidermis differentiation is conserved between Drosophila melanogaster and the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae.

The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (B. oleae) is a major olive damaging pest in the Mediterranean area. As a first molecular analysis of a developmental gene in this insect, we characterised the ovo/shavenbaby (ovo/svb) gene. In Drosophila, ovo/svb encodes a family of transcription regulators with two distinct functions: ovo is required for female germline differentiation and svb controls morphogenesis of epidermal cells. Here, we report the cloning and characterisation of ovo/svb in B. oleae, showing that the ovo genomic organisation and complex pattern of germline transcription have been conserved between distantly related Dipterae. We further show that B. oleae svb embryonic expression precisely prefigures the pattern of larval trichomes, supporting the conclusion that regulatory changes in svb transcription underlie evolutionary diversification of trichome patterns seen among Dipterae.