RESUMEN
Pomegranate is a polyphenol-rich fruit. Studies have shown that extracts prepared from its juice or from different parts of the pomegranate plant have various biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic. The therapeutic potential has been attributed to various phytochemicals, including ellagic acid, punicic acid, flavonoids, anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavones. This review focuses on the scientific evidence of pomegranate juice as hypoglycemic, emphasizing the chemical composition and the possible mechanisms of action associated with this effect. Studies were identified using the PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases to identify relevant articles focused on the hypoglycemic effect of pomegranate juice. The physiological responses to pomegranate juice are reported here, including a decrease of oxidative stress damage, an increase of insulin-dependent glucose uptake, maintenance of ß-cell integrity, inhibition of nonenzymatic protein glycation, an increase of insulin sensitivity, modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, inhibition of α-amylase, inhibition of α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4, and decreases in inflammation. Overall, we found a significant hypoglycemic effect of pomegranate in in vitro and in vivo studies and we summarize the potential mechanisms of action.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: cactus pear has been used in Mexican traditional medicine. However, clinical studies are limited to demonstrate the effectiveness as anti-diabetic. OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of a fresh beverage made from Nopalea cochenillifera (l.) Salm-dyck on glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure. METHODS: the beverage (50 g/250 mL) was daily administered in twenty patients for 30 days. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: differences statistically significant were found in some time of the supplementation for all measured variables excepting for glucose levels, this suggests that values might be significant to a longer administration or bigger doses. CONCLUSIONS: although preliminary data, the results demonstrated that cactus pear used in this study may be an alternative for the management of patients with diabetes type 2. Nevertheless, further trials must be conducted with a bigger sample size and more control groups so that the effectiveness can be fully evaluated.
Introducción: el nopal ha sido usado en la medicina tradicional mexicana. Sin embargo, los estudios clínicos para demostrar la eficacia como antidiabético son limitados. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de una bebida fresca a base de nopal (Nopalea cochenillifera (l.) Salm-dyck), sobre los niveles de glucosa, hemoglobina glicosilada, peso corporal, circunferencia de cintura y presión sanguínea. Métodos: la bebida (50 g/250 mL) se administró diariamente a 20 pacientes durante 30 días. Resultados y discusión: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en algún momento de la suplementación, excepto para la glucosa, sugiriendo que los valores podrían ser significativos en un tiempo mayor de administración a dosis mayores. Conclusiones: aunque preliminares, los resultados demostraron que el nopal usado en este estudio podría ser útil en el manejo de pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. No obstante, deben efectuarse futuros ensayos con un tamaño de muestra más grande y más grupos control, para que la efectividad pueda ser totalmente evaluada.