Olive oil intake and cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Background: Currently, the reported links between olive oil intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer morbidity and mortality, and all-cause mortality are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis is to study the reported correlations of olive oil intake with CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and cancer incidence and mortality, and all-cause mortality. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched until March 7, 2024. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by the random-effects model. Nonlinear dose-response relationships were modeled with restricted cubic splines. This study has been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42023419001). Results: Overall, 30 articles covering 2 710 351 participants were identified. Higher olive oil intake was linked with a reduced risk of CVD incidence (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.93), CHD incidence (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.99), CVD mortality (RR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.88), and all-cause mortality (RR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.89). For a 10 g d-1 increment of olive oil intake, the risk of CVD incidence, stroke incidence, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality decreased by 7%, 5%, 8%, and 8%, respectively. No association was found between olive oil intake and cancer incidence and mortality. Nonlinear relationships between olive oil intake and CVD and all-cause mortality were observed, with a reduced risk from intakes ranging from 0 to 18 g d-1 and 0 to 22 g d-1, respectively. Conclusion: Our study found that high olive oil intake was related to a lower risk of CVD and CHD incidence and CVD mortality and all-cause mortality.

Effectiveness of mHealth on Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients Living With HIV: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization recommends that all adults with HIV adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Good adherence to ART is beneficial to patients and the public. Furthermore, mHealth has shown promise in improving HIV medication adherence globally. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this meta-analysis is to analyze the effectiveness of mHealth on adherence to antiretroviral therapy in patients living with HIV. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the association between mHealth and adherence to ART published until December 2021 were searched in electronic databases. Odds ratios (ORs), weighted mean differences, and 95% CIs were calculated. This meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel method or the inverse variance test. We evaluated heterogeneity with the I2 statistic. If I2 was ≤50%, heterogeneity was absent, and a fixed effect model was used. If I2 was >50%, heterogeneity was present, and a random effects model was used. RESULTS: A total of 2163 participants in 8 studies were included in this meta-analysis. All included studies were RCTs. The random effects model was used for a meta-analysis of the effects of various intervention measures compared to routine nursing; the outcome was not statistically significant (OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.99-2.38; P=.05). In the subgroups, only short messaging service (SMS)-based interventions significantly increased adherence to ART (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.07-2.89; P=.03). Further analysis showed that only interactive or bidirectional SMS could significantly increase ART adherence (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.22-2.34; P=.001). After combining the difference in CD4 cell count before and after the interventions, we concluded that there was no statistical heterogeneity among the studies (I2=0%; tau2=0.37; P=.95). CONCLUSIONS: Interactive or bidirectional SMS can enhance intervention effects. However, whether mHealth can improve adherence to ART in patients with HIV needs further study. Owing to a lack of the required significant staff time, training, and ongoing supervision, there is still much more to do to apply mHealth to the clinical use of ART for patients living with HIV. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42022358774; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=358774.

Analysis of intention and influencing factors on mobile information follow-up service in HIV/AIDS in a city in China.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the willingness of patients with HIV/AIDS in Henan province to accept mobile information follow-up, to find the key factors that affect behavioral willingness to accept such follow-up, to explore the internal mechanism of the mobile service, and to provide a theoretical rationale for the further promotion of mobile follow-up. Methods: This study used the technology acceptance model (TAM) as its main theoretical tool, which adopted a stratified random sampling method, and investigated 284 patients with HIV/AIDS in area six of Sanmenxia City. An on-site questionnaire survey method was adopted for this study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for structural validity, with Cronbach's coefficient used for reliability. Data analysis mainly used SPSS23.0 and AMOS23.0 software. Results: The acceptance rate of the HIV/AIDS mobile follow-up service was 68.53%. In the study, product factors (PFs) were considered important in the indirect path of the TAM. Our TAM model suggested that high perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEU), and perceived innovativeness (PI) of the service were significant in improving mobile health (mHealth) acceptance among patients with HIV/AIDS in China. Subjective norms (SNs) also contributed to popularizing the service in the HIV/AIDS community. The model fitting was considered acceptable (root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA = 0.074; goodness of fit index, GFI = 0.905; comparative fit index, CFI = 0.963, and Tucker-Lewis index, TLI = 0.593). Conclusion: PFs and SNs exerted an important influence on the behavioral intentions of the patients with HIV/AIDS who accepted mobile health. PU was another important factor affecting behavioral intention. The practicality of mHealth services was crucial. Convenience and the innovativeness of the experience with the service will be conducive to the promotion and use of mHealth follow-up services.

Association of Major Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases and Life Expectancy in China, 2019.

This study aimed to illustrate the association of four major chronic noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, respiratory diseases, and diabetes) with life expectancy (LE) of Chinese residents in 2019 and to provide an evidence base for the scientific prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in China. The abbreviated life and cause-eliminated life tables were compiled according to the Jiang Qing Lang method recommended by WHO (World Health Organization) to calculate LE and cause-eliminated life expectancy (CELE) in 2019. The disease that had the greatest association with the LE of Chinese residents was cardiovascular disease (CVD), with the LE increasing by 8.13 years after removing CVD deaths. This was followed by cancer (2.68 years), respiratory diseases (0.88 years), and diabetes (0.24 years). The four major chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) were the main diseases affecting the health of Chinese residents. CVD should be prevented and treated as the key disease among the chronic diseases, while women and rural people should be the major focus of health knowledge promotion. All residents should be encouraged to develop a good understanding of self-protection and of how to achieve a healthy lifestyle in order to reduce the occurrence of death and to improve their quality of life and health in general.

Combustion Kinetics and Mechanism of Pre-Oxidized Coal with Different Oxygen Concentrations.

The phenomenon of spontaneous combustion of "oxidized coal" is common in mining processes of goafs, thick coal seams, and unsealing of closed fire areas. In order to study the reburning characteristics of coal with different oxidation degrees, the oxygen concentration in the pre-oxidation process was selected as the key influencing factor. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to study the macro- and microcharacteristics of raw and oxidized coal during the combustion stage. The results showed that the pre-oxidation treatment exhibited a dual effect on promoting and inhibiting the weight loss characteristics of oxidized coal. The apparent activation energy, E a, of the combustion reaction for the utilized coal samples was calculated using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods, and it was found that the average apparent activation energy (E a®) values of the oxidized coal samples were less in magnitude than that of the raw coal and that the coal sample with the pre-oxidized oxygen concentration of 15% was more prone to the combustion reaction. Using the correlation determination method of key active groups in the proposed coal combustion reaction, the key active groups affecting the weight change of the tested coal samples during the combustion stage were determined as -CH3 and C-O. The results can be helpful to prevent and control coal spontaneous combustion during re-mining and unsealing of closed fire areas.

Spontaneous Combustion Characteristics of Wetting Coal under Different Prepyrolysis Temperatures.

The influence of prepyrolysis temperatures on the spontaneous combustion of wetting coal remains unclear from a macroscopic perspective. To this end, a low-ash and high-volatile wetting coal sample from Western China was pretreated by a programmed heating experimental system at isothermal pyrolysis temperatures of 50, 80, 110, 140, and 170 °C under nitrogen atmosphere and then cooled to room temperature; after that, the oxidation heating experiment was carried out within the range of 30-170 °C. The results indicated that, when the wetting coal samples were subjected to isothermal pyrolysis experiments, the concentrations of CO and CO2 gradually decreased with the prepyrolysis time, during which the cumulative value of CO increased with the prepyrolysis temperatures, while the change trend of CO2 is first increased, then decreased, and then increased. In terms of the oxidative heating experiment, the CO concentration of prepyrolyzed coal samples was higher than that of raw coal before 70 °C and then gradually lower than that of the raw coal with the increasing temperature. The CO2 concentration of coal samples with prepyrolysis temperature of 170 °C is significantly lower than that of other coal samples. According to the characteristic parameters of CO and CO2 concentrations, oxygen consumption rate, and exothermic intensity, it is inferred that the coal sample with a prepyrolysis temperature of 140 °C exhibited the highest spontaneous combustibility. The experimental results have a certain guiding role for the safe mining of coal seam and the prevention and control on spontaneous combustion.

A novel self-sufficient biocatalyst based on transaminase and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate covalent co-immobilization and its application in continuous biosynthesis of sitagliptin.

Transaminases (TAs, EC 2.6.1.X) are a class of promising catalysts for the synthesis of chiral amines. The addition of exogenous expensive cofactor, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) leads to the high cost and complicated reaction composition and thus limits the industrial implementation of TAs. In this study, a novel self-sufficient biocatalyst was developed based on transaminase and PLP covalent co-immobilization with the activity recovery of 83.6% and the specific activity of 343.0 U/g catalyst. The self-sufficient BgTA biocatalyst was employed in the continuous biosynthesis of (R)-sitagliptin in a recirculating packed bed reactor (RPBR) for 700 batches reaction without extra addition of PLP. The yield and e.e. of (R)-sitagliptin for each batch were above 90% and 99% respectively. The space-time yield was 40.0 g/(L·h) which was higher than ever reported. This is the first report about the covalent co-immobilization of TA and PLP with high activity and stability, and our work also contributed to the economic flexibility of chiral amine pharmaceutical intermediates biosynthesis.