Improved pregnancy outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus patients treated with insulin aspart and metformin: a comparative study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of combining metformin with insulin aspart on blood glucose control, renal injury, and pregnancy outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients. METHODS: In this retrospective analysis, the clinical data of 140 GDM patients treated at Baoji Maternal and Child Health Hospital between March 2020 and March 2022 were studied. The patients were divided into a control group (insulin aspart alone, n=64) and an observation group (combination of insulin aspart and metformin, n=76) according to their treatment regimen. The blood glucose metabolism, renal injury markers, and pregnancy outcomes between the two groups were assessed and compared. RESULTS: The observation group demonstrated significantly lower levels of blood glucose metabolism markers (fasting plasma glucose [FPG], fasting insulin [FINS], mean amplitude of glycemic excursions [MAGE], and mean of daily differences [MODD]), renal injury indicators (microalbuminuria [mAlb], serum cystatin C [CysC], free fatty acids [FFA], and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL]), and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6], transforming growth factor-ß1 [TGF-ß1], and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 [Lp-PLA2]) compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Additionally, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in both newborns and mothers was lower in the observation group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis identified the treatment regimen, patient age, and pre-pregnancy BMI as independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome. CONCLUSION: The combination of metformin and insulin aspart in treating GDM can effectively reduce blood glucose levels, mitigate renal injury, and improve pregnancy outcome. This treatment approach presents a viable option for optimizing maternal and fetal health in GDM cases.

Thyroid-stimulating hormone and total bile acids can predict adverse pregnancy outcome among patients with gestational hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and total bile acid (TBA) levels in gestational hypertension and their combined predictive value for pregnancy outcome. METHODS: A total of 194 patients with gestational hypertension (GH), treated from June 2020 to May 2022, were included in this study. The patients were divided into two subgroups based on pregnancy outcome: an adverse pregnancy outcome group (77 cases) and a normal pregnancy outcome group (117 cases). Additionally, 50 healthy pregnant women undergoing routine prenatal checkups during the same period served as the control group. In this study, serum TBA and TSH levels were measured and compared between the control and GH groups as well as between adverse pregnancy outcome and normal pregnancy outcome groups. The independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome were screened using logistic regression, and their predictive value for pregnancy outcome in patients with GH was analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Serum TSH and TBA levels were significantly higher in the GH group compared to the normal group (both P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, body mass index (BMI), TSH, and TBA were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome. ROC curve analysis showed that combined TSH and TBA for predicting adverse pregnancy outcome had an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.896, surpassing the AUCs of each individual index (0.843 for TSH and 0.765 for TBA), which indicates a stronger predictive value (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The combined measurement of serum TBA and TSH can serve as a valuable predictive tool for pregnancy outcome in patients with gestational hypertension.

The molecular response of Mytilus coruscus mantle to shell damage under acute acidified sea water revealed by iTRAQ based quantitative proteomic analysis.

Mytilus coruscus is an economically important marine bivalve that lives in estuarine sea areas with seasonal coastal acidification and frequently suffers shell injury in the natural environment. However, the molecular responses and biochemical properties of Mytilus under these conditions are not fully understood. In the present study, we employed tandem mass spectrometry combined with isobaric tagging to identify differentially expressed proteins in the mantle tissue of M. coruscus under different short-term treatments, including shell-complete mussels raised in normal seawater (pH 8.1), shell-damaged mussels raised in normal seawater (pH 8.1), and acidified seawater (pH 7.4). A total of 2694 proteins were identified in the mantle, and analysis of their relative abundance from the three different treatments revealed alterations in the proteins involved in immune regulation, oxidation-reduction processes, protein folding and processing, energy provision, and cytoskeleton. The results obtained by quantitative proteomic analysis of the mantle allowed us to delineate the molecular strategies adopted by M. coruscus in the shell repair process in acidified environments, including an increase in proteins involved in oxidation-reduction processes, protein processing, and cell growth at the expense of proteins involved in immune capacity and energy metabolism. SIGNIFICANCE: The impact of global ocean acidification on calcifying organisms has become a major ecological and environmental problem in the world. Mytilus coruscus is an economically important marine bivalve living in estuary sea area with seasonal coastal acidification, and frequently suffering shell injury in natural environment. Molecular responses of M coruscus under the shell damage and acute acidification is still largely unknown. For this reason, iTRAQ based quantitative proteomic and histological analysis of the mantle from M. coruscus under shell damage and acute acidification were performed, for revealing the proteomic response and possible adaptation mechanism of Mytilus under combined shell damage and acidified sea water, and understanding how the mussel mantle implement a shell-repair process under acidified sea water. Our study provides important data for understanding the shell repair process and proteomic response of Mytilus under ocean acidification, and providing insights into potential adaptation of mussels to future global change.

Transcriptomic response of Mytilus coruscus mantle to acute sea water acidification and shell damage.

Mytilus coruscus is an economically important marine calcifier living in the Yangtze River estuary sea area, where seasonal fluctuations in natural pH occur owing to freshwater input, resulting in a rapid reduction in seawater pH. In addition, Mytilus constantly suffers from shell fracture or injury in the natural environment, and the shell repair mechanisms in mussels have evolved to counteract shell injury. Therefore, we utilized shell-complete and shell-damaged Mytilus coruscus in this study and performed transcriptomic analysis of the mantle to investigate whether the expression of mantle-specific genes can be induced by acute seawater acidification and how the mantle responds to acute acidification during the shell repair process. We found that acute acidification induced more differentially expressed genes than shell damage in the mantle, and the biomineralization-related Gene Ontology terms and KEGG pathways were significantly enriched by these DEGs. Most DEGs were upregulated in enriched pathways, indicating the activation of biomineralization-related processes in the mussel mantle under acute acidification. The expression levels of some shell matrix proteins and antimicrobial peptides increased under acute acidification and/or shell damage, suggesting the molecular modulation of the mantle for the preparation and activation of the shell repairing and anti-infection under adverse environmental conditions. In addition, morphological and microstructural analyses were performed for the mantle edge and shell cross-section, and changes in the mantle secretory capacity and shell inner film system induced by the two stressors were observed. Our findings highlight the adaptation of M. coruscus in estuarine areas with dramatic fluctuations in pH and may prove instrumental in its ability to survive ocean acidification.

Metabolic profiling of Mytilus coruscus mantle in response of shell repairing under acute acidification.

Mytilus coruscus is an economically important marine bivalve mollusk found in the Yangtze River estuary, which experiences dramatic pH fluctuations due to seasonal freshwater input and suffer from shell fracture or injury in the natural environment. In this study, we used intact-shell and damaged-shell M. coruscus and performed metabolomic analysis, free amino acids analysis, calcium-positive staining, and intracellular calcium level tests in the mantle to investigate whether the mantle-specific metabolites can be induced by acute sea-water acidification and understand how the mantle responds to acute acidification during the shell repair process. We observed that both shell damage and acute acidification induced alterations in phospholipids, amino acids, nucleotides, organic acids, benzenoids, and their analogs and derivatives. Glycylproline, spicamycin, and 2-aminoheptanoic acid (2-AHA) are explicitly induced by shell damage. Betaine, aspartate, and oxidized glutathione are specifically induced by acute acidification. Our results show different metabolic patterns in the mussel mantle in response to different stressors, which can help elucidate the shell repair process under ocean acidification. furthermore, metabolic processes related to energy supply, cell function, signal transduction, and amino acid synthesis are disturbed by shell damage and/or acute acidification, indicating that both shell damage and acute acidification increased energy consumption, and disturb phospholipid synthesis, osmotic regulation, and redox balance. Free amino acid analysis and enzymatic activity assays partially confirmed our findings, highlighting the adaptation of M. coruscus to dramatic pH fluctuations in the Yangtze River estuary.

Identification of pathogenic germline variants in a large Chinese lung cancer cohort by clinical sequencing.

Genetic factors play significant roles in the tumorigenicity of lung cancer; however, there is lack of systematic and large-scale characterization of pathogenic germline variants for lung cancer. In this study, germline variants in 146 preselected cancer-susceptibility genes were detected in 17 904 Chinese lung cancer patients by clinical next-generation sequencing. Among 17 904 patients, 1738 patients (9.7%) carried 1840 pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants from 87 cancer-susceptibility genes. SBDS (SBDS ribosome maturation factor) (1.37%), TSHR (thyroid stimulating hormone receptor) (1.20%), BLM (BLM RecQ like helicase) (0.62%), BRCA2 (BRCA2 DNA repair associated) (0.62%), and ATM (ATM serine/threonine kinase) (0.45%) were the top five genes with the highest overall prevalence. The top mutated pathways were all involved in DNA damage repair (DDR). Case-control analysis showed SBDS c.184A>T(p.K62*), TSHR c.1574T>C(p.F525S), BRIP1 (BRCA1 interacting helicase 1) c.1018C>T(p.L340F), and MUTYH (mutY DNA glycosylase) c.55C>T(p.R19*) were significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk (q value < 0.05). P/LP variants in certain genes were associated with early onset of lung cancer. Our study indicates that Chinese lung cancer patients have a higher prevalence of P/LP variants than previously reported. P/LP variants are distributed in multiple pathways and dominated by DNA damage repair-associated pathways. The association between identified P/LP variants and lung cancer risk requires further studies for verification.

Acquired DNA damage repairs deficiency-driven immune evolution and involved immune factors of local versus distant metastases in non-small cell lung cancer.

The evolution of immune profile from primary tumors to distant and local metastases in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as the impact of the immune background of primary tumors on metastatic potential, remains unclear. To address this, we performed whole-exome sequencing and immunohistochemistry for 73 paired primary and metastatic tumor samples from 41 NSCLC patients, and analyzed the change of immune profile from primary tumors to metastases and involved genetic factors. We found that distant metastases tended to have a decreased CD8+ T cell level along with an increased chromosomal instability (CIN) compared with primary tumors, which was partially ascribed to acquired DNA damage repair (DDR) deficiency. Distant metastases were characterized by immunosuppression (low CD8+ T cell level) and immune evasion (high PD-L1 level) whereas local metastases (pleura) were immune-competent with high CD8+ T cell, low CD4+ T cell and low PD-L1 level. Primary tumors with high levels of CD4+ T cells were associated with distant metastases rather than local metastases. Analysis of TCGA data and a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset revealed a decreasing trend of major immune cells, such as CD8+ T cells, and an increasing trend of CD4 T helper cells (Th2 and Th1) in primary tumors with metastases from local to distant sites. Our study indicates that there are differences in the immune evolution between distant and local metastases, and that acquired DDR deficiency contributes to the immunosuppression in distant metastases of NSCLC. Moreover, the immune background of primary tumors may affect their metastatic potential.

Genomic and Transcriptomic Remodeling by Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and the Indicative Role of Acquired INDEL Percentage for nCRT Efficacy in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The effect of genomic factors on the response of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT), as well as how nCRT influences the genome and transcriptome of ESCC, remain largely unknown. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In total, 137 samples from 57 patients with ESCC undergoing nCRT were collected and subjected to whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing analysis. Genetic and clinicopathologic factors were compared between the patients achieving pathologic complete response and patients not achieving pathologic complete response. Genomic and transcriptomic profiles before and after nCRT were analyzed. RESULTS: Codeficiency of the DNA damage repair and HIPPO pathways synergistically sensitized ESCC to nCRT. nCRT induced small INDELs and focal chromosomal loss concurrently. Acquired INDEL% exhibited a decreasing trend with the increase of tumor regression grade (P = .06, Jonckheere's test). Multivariable Cox analysis indicated that higher acquired INDEL% was associated with better survival (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.93; 95% CI, 0.86-1.01; P = .067 for recurrence-free survival [RFS]; aHR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.98; P = .028 for overall survival [OS], with 1% of acquired INDEL% as unit). The prognostic value of acquired INDEL% was confirmed by the Glioma Longitudinal AnalySiS data set (aHR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.902-0.997; P = .037 for RFS; aHR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.917-1.004; P = .076 for OS). Additionally, clonal expansion degree was negatively associated with patient survival (aHR, 5.87; 95% CI, 1.10-31.39; P = .038 for RFS; aHR, 9.09; 95% CI, 1.10-75.36; P = .041 for OS, with low clonal expression group as reference) and also negatively correlated with acquired INDEL% (Spearman ρ = -0.45; P = .02). The expression profile was changed after nCRT. The DNA replication gene set was downregulated, while the cell adhesion gene set was upregulated after nCRT. Acquired INDEL% was negatively correlated with the enrichment of the DNA replication gene set (Spearman ρ = -0.56; P = .003) but was positively correlated with the enrichment of the cell adhesion gene set (Spearman ρ = 0.40; P = .05) in posttreatment samples. CONCLUSIONS: nCRT remodels the genome and transcriptome of ESCC. Acquired INDEL% is a potential biomarker to indicate the effectiveness of nCRT and radiation sensitivity.

Testing the generalizability of cfDNA fragmentomic features across different studies for cancer early detection.

cfDNA fragmentomic features have been used in cancer detection models; however, the generalizability of the models needs to be tested. We proposed a type of cfDNA fragmentomic feature named chromosomal arm-level fragment size distribution (ARM-FSD), evaluated and compared its performance and generalizability for lung cancer and pan-cancer detection with existing cfDNA fragmentomic features (as reference) by using cohorts from different institutions. The ARM-FSD lung cancer model outperformed the reference model by ∼10% when being tested by two external cohorts (AUC: 0.97 vs. 0.86; 0.87 vs. 0.76). For pan-cancer detection, the performance of the ARM-FSD based model is consistently higher than the reference (AUC: 0.88 vs. 0.75, 0.98 vs. 0.63) in a pan-cancer and a lung cancer external validation cohort, indicating that ARM-FSD model produces stable performance across multiple cohorts. Our study reveals ARM-FSD based models have a higher generalizability, and highlights the necessity of cross-study validation for predictive model development.

A single-blind field intervention study of whether increased bedroom ventilation improves sleep quality.

A four-week-long field intervention experiment was conducted in twenty-nine bedrooms with extract ventilation systems and air inlet vents. During the first week no interventions took place. In the three weeks that followed, each participant slept for one week under a low, moderate, and high ventilation rate condition in a balanced order. These conditions were established by covertly altering the fan speed of the exhaust ventilation system without changing other settings. Participants were not informed when or even whether the changes to bedroom ventilation would be executed. The bedroom environmental quality was monitored continuously and sleep quality was monitored using wrist-worn trackers. Tests of cognitive performance were conducted in the evening and morning. In twelve bedrooms where clear differences between the three ventilation conditions occurred, as indicated by the measured CO2 concentrations, participants had significantly less deep sleep, more light sleep and more awakenings at lower ventilation rate conditions. In twenty-three bedrooms where a clear difference in ventilation rate between the high and low ventilation conditions was observed, as confirmed by the measured CO2 concentrations, the deep sleep was significantly shorter in the low ventilation rate condition. No differences in cognitive performance between conditions were observed. At lower ventilation rate conditions, the concentrations of CO2 increased, as did the relative humidity, while bedroom temperatures remained unchanged. The present results, which were obtained in actual bedrooms, confirm the findings in previous studies of a positive effect of increased ventilation on sleep quality. Further studies with larger populations and better control of bedroom conditions, particularly ventilation, are required.

Interaction between slow wave sleep and elevated office blood pressure in non-hypertensive obstructive sleep apnea patients: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: Reduced slow wave sleep (SWS) has been linked to hypertension in some studies. The aim of the study is to investigate the association between SWS and office blood pressure (BP) in non-hypertensive obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).Methods: This is a retrospective study of 3350 patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) in our hospital. Based on quartiles of percent SWS, participants were classified into four groups. BP was measured manually on the randomly chosen arm in a seated position with sphygmomanometer after PSG in the morning, and the average of the second and third measurements was used for this analysis. Elevated office BP was defined as a systolic BP≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP≥90 mmHg.Results: There were 1365 patients with OSA and 597 primary snorers included in our study. In OSA group, OSA patients with SWS <13.5% had a significant elevated risk with elevated office BP (OR,1.49[95%CI 1.05-2.10], P=0.025), compared to the highest quartile (percent SWS >39.2%). However, no significant relationship between decreased SWS and elevated office BP was found in primary snorers group.Conclusion: In non-hypertensive OSA patients, decreased SWS is associated with elevated office BP.

This is the first study to investigate the association between decreased SWS and incident elevated office BP in non-hypertensive OSA patients.Our results found that in non-hypertensive OSA patients, decreased SWS is associated with elevated office BP.The relationship between decreased SWS and elevated office BP in OSA patients was evident especially in men and in those <60 years old.

Association Between Sleep Efficiency and Hypertension in Chinese Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients.

Objective: We aimed to explore the relationship of sleep efficiency (SE) with the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients based on polysomnography (PSG) records. Methods: We studied 2360 patients with OSA and 764 primary snorers who underwent PSG in our hospital. SE was divided into three grades, including ≥85%, 80%~84.9%, and <80%. Hypertension was defined based either on direct blood pressure measurements, under anti-hypertensive treatments or on physician diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between SE and hypertension. Results: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, OSA patients with <80% SE and those with 80% to 84.9% SE were significantly associated with the prevalence of hypertension (OR = 1.248, 95% CI 1.018~1.531, P=0.033; OR = 1.380, 95% CI 1.040~1.832, P=0.026). Compared to primary snorers, OSA combined with <85% SE increased the odds of hypertension. In stratified analysis by SE, risk of hypertension only in those with <80% SE was significantly different between OSA and primary snorers. Furthermore, this relationship between reduced SE and hypertension was evident especially in female, younger ages, obese, moderate and severe OSA patients. No significant relationship between reduced SE and hypertension was found in primary snores group. Conclusion: We found that poor SE was correlated with the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese OSA patients, but not in those with primary snoring. Moreover, this relationship was evident especially in female, younger ages, obese, moderate and severe OSA patients.

Utility of Circulating Free DNA Fragmentomics in the Prediction of Pathological Response after Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND: A "Watch and Wait" (W&W) approach has become an alternative to surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Precise prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) will improve patient selection for W&W. We investigated the utility of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentomics in predicting pCR. METHODS: We recruited 119 LARC patients and evaluated nCRT response by pCR status and pathological or MRI tumor regression grade (mrTRG). Plasma samples before, during, and after nCRT were applied to deep targeted-panel sequencing, with 103 patients having complete samples. cfDNA fragment and 5'-end motif profiles were used to construct elastic-net logistic regression models to predict non-pCR. Predictive performance was measured by area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS: In the training cohort, the model based on 5'-end motif profile plus mrTRG achieved the highest cross-validation AUC (0.92, 95% CI, 0.91-0.93). The AUC in a testing cohort was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.90-1.00). The models based on 5'-end motif profile alone or in combination with mrTRG both maintained good predictive ability for patients without detectable circulating tumor DNA (AUC 0.94, 95% CI, 0.93-0.95; AUC 0.95, 95% CI, 0.94-0.96). In an external validation cohort, the model trained with a local 5'-end motif profile obtained an AUC of 0.878 (95% CI, 0.801-0.956) in discriminating colorectal cancer from healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of a 5'-end motif profile with mrTRG has the potential to predict the response to nCRT, and therefore may improve the patient selection for a W&W approach.

The Association Between Cognition of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients and Urinary AD7c-NTP Level: Investigation and Application.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a multi-component disorder, which has many comorbidities, including cognitive impairment. Although its potential risk factors were unknown, they could affect the patient's quality of life and long-term prognosis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of urinary Alzheimer's disease-associated neurofilament protein (AD7c-NTP) levels in the assessment of cognitive impairment in OSA patients, and to analyze the predictive value of potential high-risk factors on cognitive impairment in OSA patients. METHODS: 138 young and middle-aged adults were recruited and underwent overnight polysomnographic recording, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and urinary AD7c-NTP test. AD7c-NTP and other factors were further applied as biomarkers to develop a cognition risk prediction model. RESULTS: Compared with the control, OSA patients showed significantly lower MoCA scores and higher urinary AD7c-NTP concentrations, while the severe OSA group appeared more significant. The urinary AD7c-NTP level of the OSA cognitive impairment group was higher than that of the non-cognitive impairment group. The results of regression analysis showed that urinary AD7c-NTP level was an independent predictor of cognitive impairment in OSA patients. Based on urinary AD7c-NTP levels and other selected factors, a multimodal prediction model for assessing the risk of cognitive impairment in OSA patients was initially established. CONCLUSION: The increased urinary AD7c-NTP level could be used as a relevant peripheral biomarker of cognitive impairment in OSA patients. A model using urinary AD7c-NTP combined with other factors was developed and could accurately assess the cognition risk of OSA patients.

Exploring of seasonal dynamics of microbial community in multispecies fermentation of Shanxi mature vinegar.

The constituents of fermentation foods vary seasonally and the microbiota plays a crucial role in metabolites formation. Here, the diversity and succession of microbiota of Shanxi mature vinegar produced with solid-solid fermentation craft have been investigated by Illumina Hiseq sequencing in both summer and winter. Obvious differences were observed in the structure of microbiota between summer and winter, and the bacterial community showed a significant difference (P < 0.05). Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity and richness of bacterial community were basically higher than that of fungal community in both summer and winter. For bacterial community, Lactobacillus and Limosilactobacillus were the two major group bacteria in the fermentation process of Shanxi mature vinegar in summer, and they dominated in acetic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation stages, respectively. Lactobacillus and Acetobacter were the two major group bacteria during the fermentation of Shanxi mature vinegar in winter. Saccharomyces, Saccharomycopsis, and Issatchenkia were the main yeasts in both seasons, while the dominant mould was Rhizopus in summer and Monascus in winter, respectively. The diversity of yeasts and moulds in winter was far greater than that in summer, especially in alcoholic fermentation stage. Collectively, our work revealed critical insights into effect of seasonal variation on the structure of microbiota of Shanxi mature vinegar, and was relevant in understanding the relationships between environmental change and microbiota.

[Enhanced heterologous expression of the cytochrome c from uncultured anaerobic methanotrophic archaea].

Cytochrome c is a type of heme proteins that are widely distributed in living organisms. It consists of heme and apocytochrome c, and has potential applications in bioelectronics, biomedicine and pollutant degradation. However, heterologous overexpression of cytochrome c is still challenging. To date, expression of the cytochrome c from uncultured anaerobic methanotrophic archaea has not been reported, and nothing is known about the function of this cytochrome c. A his tagged cytochrome c was successfully expressed in E. coli by introducing a thrombin at the N-terminus of CytC4 and co-expressing CcmABCDEFGH, which is responsible for the maturation of cytochrome c. Shewanella oneidensis, which naturally has enzymes for cytochrome c maturation, was then used as a host to further increase the expression of CytC4. Indeed, a significantly higher expression of CytC4 was achieved in S. oneidensis when compared with in E. coli. The successful heterologous overexpression of CytC4 will facilitate the exploitation of its physiological functions and biotechnological applications.

Understanding the Dark Side of Online Reviews on Consumers' Purchase Intentions in E-Commerce: Evidence From a Consumer Experiment in China.

Background: Online review, as an important way of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) communication, plays an important role in e-commerce. However, few studies have examined the dark side of online reviews and their effect on consumers' purchase intentions. Information inconsistency is one of the dark sides that plays a critical role in influencing consumers' purchase intentions through online reviews. Methods: Using a 2*2 between-subject design that explores the main effects of the type of information inconsistency (vertical- vs. horizontal-attribute inconsistency) on purchase intention and the moderating effect of product type (search vs. experience product). Results: This study examines whether and how the type of information inconsistency between online recommendations and reviews influences consumer purchase decision-making. Conclusions: The findings show that vertical-attribute inconsistency leads to a lower purchase intention for search products; moreover, both vertical- and horizontal-attribute inconsistencies have no significant effect on purchase intention for experience products.