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With the increasingly severe situation of obesity and population aging, there is growing concern about sarcopenia obesity (SO). SO refers to the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia, which imposes a heavier burden on individuals and society compared to obesity or sarcopenia alone. Therefore, comprehending the pathogenesis of SO and implementing effective clinical interventions are vital for its prevention and treatment. This review uses a comprehensive literature search and analysis of PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases, with search terms including "Sarcopenic obesity", "exercise", "cytokines", "inflammation", "mitochondrial quality control", and "microRNA", covering relevant studies published up to July 2024. The results indicate that the pathogenesis of SO is complex, involving mechanisms like age-related changes in body composition, hormonal alterations, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and genetic and epigenetic factors. Regarding exercise interventions for SO, aerobic exercise can reduce fat mass, resistance exercise can increase skeletal muscle mass and strength, and combined exercise can achieve both, making it the optimal intervention for SO. The potential mechanisms by which exercise may prevent and treat SO include regulating cytokine secretion, inhibiting inflammatory pathways, improving mitochondrial quality, and mediating microRNA expression. This review emphasizes the effectiveness of exercise interventions in mitigating sarcopenic obesity through comprehensive analysis of its multifactorial pathogenesis and the mechanistic insights into exercise's therapeutic effects. Understanding these mechanisms informs targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating the societal and individual burdens associated with SO.
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Terapia por Ejercicio , Obesidad , Sarcopenia , Humanos , Sarcopenia/terapia , Sarcopenia/prevención & control , Obesidad/terapia , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , MicroARNs , Ejercicio Físico , Músculo Esquelético , Composición Corporal , Citocinas/metabolismo , InflamaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are rapidly evolving in the management of bladder cancer (BLCA). Nevertheless, effective biomarkers for predicting immunotherapeutic outcomes in BLCA are still insufficient. Ferroptosis, a form of immunogenic cell death, has been found to enhance patient sensitivity to ICIs. However, the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis in promoting immunotherapy efficacy in BLCA remain obscure. METHODS: Our analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mRNA data using single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) revealed two immunologically distinct subtypes. Based on these subtypes and various other public cohorts, we identified Apolipoprotein L6 (APOL6) as a biomarker predicting the efficacy of ICIs and explored its immunological correlation and predictive value for treatment. Furthermore, the role of APOL6 in promoting ferroptosis and its mechanism in regulating this process were experimentally validated. RESULTS: The results indicate that APOL6 has significant immunological relevance and is indicative of immunologically hot tumors in BLCA and many other cancers. APOL6, interacting with acyl-coenzyme A synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4), mediates immunotherapy efficacy by ferroptosis. Additionally, APOL6 is regulated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). CONCLUSIONS: To conclude, our findings indicate APOL6 has potential as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy treatment success estimation and reveal the STAT1/APOL6/GPX4 axis as a critical regulatory mechanism in BLCA.
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Biomarcadores de Tumor , Ferroptosis , Inmunoterapia , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/genética , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/terapia , Ferroptosis/genética , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/métodos , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Apolipoproteínas/genética , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Factor de Transcripción STAT1/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT1/genética , Animales , Pronóstico , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Línea Celular Tumoral , RatonesRESUMEN
Polyrotaxanes (PRs) have attracted significant research attention due to their unique topological structures and high degrees of conformational freedom. Herein, we take advantage of an oligo[2]rotaxane to construct a novel class of dynamically cross-linked rotaxane network (DCRN) mediated by metal-coordination. The oligo[2]rotaxane skeleton offers several distinct advantages: In addition to retaining the merits of traditional polymer backbones, the ordered intramolecular motion of the [2]rotaxane motifs introduced dangling chains into the network, thereby enhancing the stretchability of the DCRN. Additionally, the dissociation of hostâguest recognition and subsequent sliding motion, along with the breakage of metal-coordination interactions, represented an integrated energy dissipation pathway to enhance mechanical properties. Moreover, the resulting DCRN demonstrated responsiveness to multiple stimuli and displayed exceptional self-healing capabilities in a gel state. Upon exposure to PPh3, which induced network deconstruction by breaking the coordinated cross-linking points, the oligo[2]rotaxane could be recovered, showcasing good recyclability. These findings demonstrate the untapped potential of the oligo[2]rotaxane as a polymer skeleton to develop DCRN and open the door to extend their advanced applications in intelligent mechanically interlocked materials.
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Pectin, a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, is characterized by a high abundance of hydroxyl groups and carboxylic acid groups, which results in a strong affinity for water and limits its suitability as a film material. This study aimed to modulate the esterification degree of PEC films by adjusting the concentration of acetic anhydride, and assess the impact of acetic anhydride esterification modification on the properties of the resultant PEC films. The results demonstrated successful grafting of acetic anhydride onto the galacturonic acid ring in the PEC molecule through the esterification process. The hydrophobicity, thermal stability, barrier properties, and mechanical properties of the esterified PEC films were investigated. Among the various concentrations tested, the E-PEC-0.25 film exhibited the highest contact angle of 103.46° and tensile strength of 33.44 MPa, showcasing optimal performance. The E-PEC-0.1 film achieved the highest esterification degree of 0.94 and elongation at a break of 21.11 %. It also exhibited the transparency of 11.66 and the lowest water vapor transmission rate of 0.56 g·mm/(m2·h·kpa). Additionally, TGA and DSC tests revealed enhanced thermal stability of the esterification-prepared films. These findings highlight the potential of acetic anhydride tuning as a promising strategy for optimizing pectin film production.
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Anhídridos Acéticos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Pectinas , Pectinas/química , Esterificación , Anhídridos Acéticos/química , Resistencia a la Tracción , TemperaturaRESUMEN
2D single-phase multiferroic materials with the coexistence of electric and spin polarization offer a tantalizing potential for high-density multilevel data storage. One of the current limitations for application is the scarcity of the materials, especially those combine ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity at high temperatures. Here, robust ferrimagnetism and ferroelectricity in 2D É-Fe2O3 samples with both single-crystalline and polycrystalline form are demonstrated. Interestingly, the polycrystalline nanosheets also exhibit easily switchable ferroelectric polarizations comparable to that of single crystals. The existence of grain boundary does not hinder the switching and retention of ferroelectric polarization. Furthermore, the É-Fe2O3 nanosheets show ferrimagnetic and ferroelectric Curie temperatures up to 800 K, which reaches record highs in 2D single-phase multiferroic materials. This work provides important progress in the exploration of 2D high-temperature single-phase multiferroics for potentially compact high-temperature information nanodevices.
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Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PMT) has shown promise in exerting cerebrovascular protective effects, and its potential for treating ischemic stroke (IS) has garnered attention. However, the lack of clarity regarding its chemical constituents and mechanisms has significantly hindered its clinical application. In this study, we employed network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques for the first time to elucidate the potential compounds and targets of PMT in treating IS. The databases CTD, DrugBank, DisGeNET, GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, PGKB, NCBI, TCMIP, CNKI, PubMed, ZINC, STITCH, BATMAN, ETCM and Swiss provided information on targets related to IS and components of PMT, along with their associated targets. We constructed "compound-target" and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks sourced from the STRING database using the Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were conducted using the DAVID database. Molecular docking between core targets and active compounds was conducted using Autodock4 software. Experiments were performed in an oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) model to validate the anti-IS activity of compounds isolated from PMT preliminarily. Network pharmacological analysis revealed 16 core compounds, including resveratrol, polydatin, TSG, ω- hydroxyemodin, emodin anthrone, tricin, moupinamide, and others, along with 11 high-degree targets, such as PTGS1, PTGS2, ADORA1, ADORA2, CA1, EGFR, ESR1, ESR2, SRC, MMP3 and MMP9. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed the involvement of HIF-1, Akt signaling pathway and energy metabolism-related signaling pathways. Molecular docking results emphasized eight key compounds and confirmed their interactions with corresponding targets. In vitro OGD/R model experiments identified TSG and tricin as the primary active substances within PMT for its anti-stroke activity. This study contributes new insights into the potential development of PMT for stroke prevention and treatment.
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important factors that lead to a decline in sperm quality during semen preservation. Excessive ROS accumulation disrupts the balance of the antioxidant system in sperm and causes lipid oxidative damage, destroying its structure and function. Curcumin is a natural plant extract that neutralizes ROS and enhances the function of endogenous antioxidant enzymes. The effect of curcumin on the preservation of sheep semen has not been reported. This study aims to determine the effects of curcumin on refrigerated sperm (4 °C) and analyze the effects of curcumin on sperm metabolism from a Chinese native sheep (Hu sheep). The results showed that adding curcumin significantly improved (p < 0.05) the viability of refrigerated sperm at an optimal concentration of 20 µmol/L, and the plasma membrane and acrosome integrity in semen were significantly improved (p < 0.05). Adding curcumin to refrigerated semen significantly increased (p < 0.05) the levels of antioxidant enzymes (T-AOC, CAT, and SOD) and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) ROS production. A total of 13,796 metabolites in sperm and 20,581 metabolites in negative groups and curcumin-supplemented groups were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The proportion of lipids and lipid-like molecules among all metabolites in the sperm was the highest, regardless of treatment. We identified 50 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in sperm between the negative control and curcumin-treated groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that DEMs were mainly enriched in the calcium signaling pathway, phospholipase D signaling pathway, sphingolipid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. The findings indicate that the addition of an appropriate concentration (20 µm/L) of curcumin to sheep semen can effectively suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and extend the duration of cryopreservation (4 °C) by modulating the expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, phytosphingosine, and other metabolites of semen. This discovery offers a novel approach to enhancing the cryogenic preservation of sheep semen.
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BACKGROUND: Postoperative hyper-inflammation is a frequent event in patients with acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) after surgical repair. This study's objective was to determine which inflammatory biomarkers could be used to make a better formula for identifying postoperative hyper-inflammation, and which risk factors were associated with hyper-inflammation. METHODS: A total of 405 patients were enrolled in this study from October 1, 2020 to April 1, 2023. Of these patients, 124 exhibited poor outcomes. In order to investigate the optimal cut-off values for poor outcomes, logistic and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed on the following parameters on the first postoperative day: procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). These cut-off points were used to separate the patients into hyper-inflammatory (n = 52) and control (n = 353) groups. Finally, the logistic were used to find the risk factors of hyper-inflammatory. RESULTS: PCT, CRP, IL-6, and SII were independent risk factors of poor outcomes in the multivariate logistic model. Cut-off points of these biomarkers were 2.18 ng/ml, 49.76 mg/L, 301.88 pg/ml, 2509.96 × 109/L respectively. These points were used to define postoperative hyper-inflammation (OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.35-6.53, P < 0.01). Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) > 180 min, and deep hypothermia circulatory arrest (DHCA) > 40 min were the independent risk factors for hyper-inflammation. CONCLUSIONS: PCT > 2.18, CRP > 49.76, IL-6 > 301.88, and SII < 2509.96 could be used to define postoperative hyper-inflammation which increased mortality and morbidity in patients after ATAAD surgery. Based on these findings, we found that CPB > 180 min and DHCA > 40 min were separate risk factors for postoperative hyper-inflammation.
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Disección Aórtica , Interleucina-6 , Humanos , Disección Aórtica/cirugía , Inflamación , Biomarcadores , Factores de Riesgo , Polipéptido alfa Relacionado con Calcitonina , Proteína C-Reactiva , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Background: Sivelestat, a neutrophil elastase inhibitor, is specifically developed to mitigate the occurrence of acute lung injury (ALI) in individuals who are undergoing cardiovascular surgery. However, its impact on patients who are at a heightened risk of developing ALI after scheduled cardiac surgery has yet to be determined. In order to address this knowledge gap, we undertook a study to assess the efficacy of sivelestat in protecting the lungs of these patients. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study involving 718 patients who were at high risk of developing postoperative acute lung injury (ALI) and underwent scheduled cardiac surgery between April 25th, 2022, and September 7th, 2023. Among them, 52 patients received sivelestat (administered at a dosage of 0.2mg/kg/h for 3 days), while 666 patients served as controls, not receiving sivelestat. The control conditions were the same for all patients, including ventilation strategy, extubating time, and fluid management. Subsequently, a propensity-score matched cohort was established, consisting of 40 patients in both the sivelestat and control groups. The primary outcome measure encompassed a composite of adverse outcomes, including 30-day mortality, ALI, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and others. Secondary outcomes assessed included pneumonia, ventricular arrhythmias, mechanical ventilation (MV) time, and more. Results: After conducting propensity matching in our study, we observed that there were no significant differences in 30-day mortality between the sivelestat and control groups (0% vs 2.5%, P=0.32). However, the use of sivelestat exhibited a significant reduction in the incidence of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) compared to the control group (0% vs 55%, P<0.01), pneumonia (0 vs 37.5%, P<0.01), MV time (median:8 hours, IQR:4-14.8 hours vs median: 15.2 hours, IQR:14-16.3 hours, P<0.01). Compared to the control group, the sivelestat could significantly decrease white cell count (P<0.01), neutrophile percentage (P<0.01) and C-reactive protein (P<0.01) in the period of postoperative 5 days. Conclusion: The prophylactic administration of sivelestat has shown promising results in reducing the occurrence of acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) in patients with a heightened risk of developing these conditions after elective cardiac surgery. Our study findings indicate that sivelestat may provide protective effects by suppressing inflammation triggered by neutrophil activation, thereby safeguarding pulmonary function. Registration: ChiCTR2200059102, https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=166643.
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The control of laccase-catalyzed efficiency often relies on the utilization of modifying enzyme molecules and shielding agents. However, their elevated costs or carcinogenicity led to the inability for large-scale application. To address this concern, we found that a low-cost protein from soybean meal can reduce lignin's ineffective adsorption onto enzymes for improving the efficiency of thymol grafting to lignosulfonate. The results demonstrated that by adding 0.5 mg/mL of additional soybean meal protein, the thymol reaction ratio of the modified lignosulfonate (L-0.5 S) significantly boosted from 18.1 % to 35.0 %, with the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the L-0.5 S against Aspergillus niger dramatically improved from 12.5 mg/mL to 3.1 mg/mL. Multiple characterization methods were employed to better understand the benefit of the modification under the addition of the soybean meal protein. The CO and R1-O group content increased from 20.5 % to 37.8 % and from 65.1 % to 75.5 %, respectively. The proposed potential reaction mechanism was further substantiated by the physicochemical properties. The incorporation of soybean meal effectively mitigated the non-specific adsorption of lignosulfonate, resulting in a reduction of the surface area of lignin from 235.0 to 139.2 m2/g. The utilization of soybean meal as a cost-effective and efficient shielding agent significantly enhanced the efficiency of subsequent enzyme catalysis. Consequently, the application of soybean meal in commercial enzyme catalysis holds considerable appeal and amplifies the relevance of this study in preservative industries.
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Lignina , Lignina/análogos & derivados , Proteínas de Soja , Lignina/química , Lacasa/metabolismo , Timol , Adsorción , Harina , Glycine max , CatálisisRESUMEN
Doping anions into LiFePO4 can improve the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries. In this study, structures, electronic properties and Li-ion migration of anion (F- , Cl- , and S2- ) doping into LiFePO4 were systematically investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. Anion substitution for oxygen atoms leads to an expansion of the LiFePO4 lattice, significantly facilitating Li-ion diffusion. For Cl- and F- anion doped into LiFePO4 , the energy barrier of Li-ion migration gets lowered to 0.209 eV and 0.283â eV from 0.572â eV. The introduction of anions narrows the forbidden band of LiFePO4 , enhancing its electronic conductivity. This work pays a way towards the rational design of high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
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Nonlayered two-dimensional (2D) magnets have attracted special attention, as many of them possess magnetic order above room temperature and enhanced chemical stability compared to most existing vdW magnets, which offers remarkable opportunities for developing compact spintronic devices. However, the growth of these materials is quite challenging due to the inherent three-dimensionally bonded nature, which hampers the study of their magnetism. Here, we demonstrate the controllable growth of air-stable pure γ-Fe2O3 nanoflakes by a confined-vdW epitaxial approach. The lateral size of the nanoflakes could be adjusted from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers by precisely controlling the annealing time. Interestingly, a lateral-size-dependent magnetic domain configuration was observed. As the sizes continuously increase, the magnetic domain evolves from single domain to vortex and finally to multidomain. This work provides guidance for the controllable synthesis of 2D inverse spinel-type crystals and expands the range of magnetic vortex materials into magnetic semiconductors.
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Hoarse voice affects the efficiency of communication between people. However, surgical treatment may result in patients with poorer voice quality, and voice repair techniques can only repair vowels. In this paper, we propose a novel multidomain generative adversarial voice conversion method to achieve hoarse-to-normal voice conversion and personalize voices for patients with hoarseness. The proposed method aims to improve the speech quality of hoarse voices through a multidomain generative adversarial network. The proposed method is evaluated on subjective and objective evaluation metrics. According to the findings of the spectrum analysis, the suggested method converts hoarse voice formants more effectively than variational auto-encoder (VAE), Auto-VC (voice conversion), StarGAN-VC (Generative Adversarial Network- Voice Conversion), and CycleVAE. For the word error rate, the suggested method obtains absolute gains of 35.62, 37.97, 45.42, and 50.05 compared to CycleVAE, StarGAN-VC, Auto-VC, and VAE, respectively. The suggested method achieves CycleVAE, VAE, StarGAN-VC, and Auto-VC, respectively, in terms of naturalness by 42.49%, 51.60%, 69.37%, and 77.54%. The suggested method outperforms VAE, CycleVAE, StarGAN-VC, and Auto-VC, respectively, in terms of intelligibility, with absolute gains of 0.87, 0.93, 1.08, and 1.13. In terms of content similarity, the proposed method obtains 43.48%, 75.52%, 76.21%, and 108.62% improvements compared to CycleVAE, StarGAN-VC, Auto-VC, and VAE, respectively. ABX results show that the suggested method can personalize the voice for patients with hoarseness. This study demonstrates the feasibility of voice conversion methods in improving the speech quality of hoarse voices.
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BACKGROUND: We sought to explore the relationship between dexmedetomidine as an anesthetic adjuvant in cardiac surgery and postoperative complications and length of stay (LOS) in the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients aged 18 years and older who underwent heart valve surgery between October 2020 and June 2022. The primary endpoint of the study was major postoperative complications (cardiac arrest, atrial fibrillation, myocardial injury/infarction, heart failure) and the secondary endpoint was prolonged CICU LOS (defined as LOS > 90th percentile). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for variables that were significant in the univariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 856 patients entered our study. The 283 patients who experienced the primary and secondary endpoints were included in the adverse outcomes group, and the remaining 573 were included in the prognostic control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age > 60 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-2.31; p < 0.01), cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) > 180 min (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.03-2.55; p = 0.04) and postoperative mechanical ventilation time > 10 h (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.35-2.52; p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for major postoperative complications; Age > 60 years (OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 1.65-6.20; p < 0.01), preoperative NYHA class 4 (OR, 4.03; 95% CI, 1.74-9.33; p < 0.01), diabetes mellitus (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.22-5.41; p = 0.01), Intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion > 650 ml (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.13-3.66; p = 0.02), Intraoperative bleeding > 1200 ml (OR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.42-5.12; p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for prolonged CICU length of stay. Intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine as an anesthetic adjunct was a protective factor for major complications (odds ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.35-0.74; p < 0.01) and prolonged CICU stay. (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.73; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing heart valve surgery, age, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, and duration of mechanical ventilation are associated with major postoperative complication. Age, preoperative NYHA classification 4, diabetes mellitus, intraoperative bleeding, and RBC transfusion are associated with increased CICU length of stay. Intraoperative use of dexmedetomidine may improve such clinical outcomes.
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Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Dexmedetomidina , Diabetes Mellitus , Humanos , Dexmedetomidina/uso terapéutico , Tiempo de Internación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Factores de Riesgo , Válvulas Cardíacas/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiologíaRESUMEN
The dynamic behaviors of polyzwitterions, poly(4-((3-methacrylamidopropyl) dimethylammonio) butane-1-sulfonate) (PSBP), are investigated using dynamic light scattering, small angle X-ray scattering, and rheology. The findings reveal two relaxation modes, including a fast and a slow mode, which are observed in both solution state and gel-like state, with varying polyzwitterion concentration (CP ) and NaCl concentration (CNaCl ). As CP and CNaCl increasing, a slower slow mode and a faster fast mode are observed. The fast mode corresponds to the diffusion of chains, while the slow mode arises from chain aggregations. In solutions, the slow mode is dominated by the diffusion of chain aggregations. However, in the gel-like state, the "cage network" traps aggregations more densely, leading to their dynamic behavior being dominated by enhanced topological entanglements and ionic interactions. This difference highlights the unique nature of the slow relaxation mode between concentrated solution and gel-like state, arising from changes in the average distance between chain aggregations resulting from increased CP and CNaCl concentrations.
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Cloruro de Sodio , Dispersión Dinámica de Luz , Difusión , ReologíaRESUMEN
The limited anti-fungal activity of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) has been a challenge in its direct application as a bamboo preservative. To address this issue, the cinnamaldehyde modification of EHL was carried out to introduce anti-fungal structures into the lignin matrix, effectively enhancing its anti-fungal activity. The results demonstrated that the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the modified lignin (EHL-DC) against Aspergillus niger significantly improved from 16 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL, with comparable enhancements in anti-fungal activity against other fungi. As a result of the modification, the EHL-DC is more prone to interact with fungal cell membranes, contributing to a roughened, shrunken hyphal surface and a decrease in mycelial biomass. Multiple characterization methods were employed to better grapple with the EHL-DC chemical changes. The nitrogen content increased from 2.3 % to 8.3 %, and alterations in elemental compositions further support the proposed reaction mechanism and its role in enhancing EHL's anti-fungal activity. This study offers novel insights into the high-value utilization of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin based on green chemistry principles.
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Acroleína , Lignina , Lignina/química , Hidrólisis , Acroleína/farmacología , BiomasaRESUMEN
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), has caused a global health crisis. Despite ongoing efforts to treat patients, there is no universal prevention or cure available. One of the feasible approaches will be identifying the key genes from SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. SARS-CoV-2-infected in vitro model, allows easy control of the experimental conditions, obtaining reproducible results, and monitoring of infection progression. Currently, accumulating RNA-seq data from SARS-CoV-2 in vitro models urgently needs systematic translation and interpretation. To fill this gap, we built COVIDanno, COVID-19 annotation in humans, available at http://biomedbdc.wchscu.cn/COVIDanno/. The aim of this resource is to provide a reference resource of intensive functional annotations of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among different time points of COVID-19 infection in human in vitro models. To do this, we performed differential expression analysis for 136 individual datasets across 13 tissue types. In total, we identified 4,935 DEGs. We performed multiple bioinformatics/computational biology studies for these DEGs. Furthermore, we developed a novel tool to help users predict the status of SARS-CoV-2 infection for a given sample. COVIDanno will be a valuable resource for identifying SARS-CoV-2-related genes and understanding their potential functional roles in different time points and multiple tissue types.
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Bamboo's mechanical and aesthetic properties are significantly influenced by fungi. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the structure and dynamics of fungal communities in bamboo during its natural deterioration. In this study, fungal community succession and characteristic variations of round bamboo in roofed and unroofed environments over a period of 13 weeks of deterioration were deciphered using high-throughput sequencing and multiple characterization methods. A total of 459 fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) from eight phyla were identified. The fungal community's richness of roofed bamboo samples showed an increasing trend, whereas that of unroofed bamboo samples presented a declining trend during deterioration. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant phyla throughout the deterioration process in two different environments: Basidiomycota was found to be an early colonizer of unroofed bamboo samples. Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) analysis suggested that the deterioration time had a greater impact on fungal community variation compared to the exposure conditions. Redundancy analysis (RDA) further revealed that temperature was a major environmental factor that contributed to the variation in fungal communities. Additionally, the bamboo epidermis presented a descending total amount of cell wall components in both roofed and unroofed conditions. The correlation analysis between the fungal community and relative abundance of three major cell wall components elucidated that Cladosporium was negatively correlated with hemicellulose in roofed samples, whereas they presented a positive correlation with hemicellulose and a negative correlation with lignin in unroofed samples. Furthermore, the contact angle decreased during the deterioration process in the roofed as well as unroofed samples, which could arise from the degradation of lignin. Our findings provide novel insights into the fungal community succession on round bamboo during its natural deterioration and give useful information for round bamboo protection.
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Tumors are often polyclonal due to copy number alteration (CNA) events. Through the CNA profile, we can understand the tumor heterogeneity and consistency. CNA information is usually obtained through DNA sequencing. However, many existing studies have shown a positive correlation between the gene expression and gene copy number identified from DNA sequencing. With the development of spatial transcriptome technologies, it is urgent to develop new tools to identify genomic variation from the spatial transcriptome. Therefore, in this study, we developed CVAM, a tool to infer the CNA profile from spatial transcriptome data. Compared with existing tools, CVAM integrates the spatial information with the spot's gene expression information together and the spatial information is indirectly introduced into the CNA inference. By applying CVAM to simulated and real spatial transcriptome data, we found that CVAM performed better in identifying CNA events. In addition, we analyzed the potential co-occurrence and mutual exclusion between CNA events in tumor clusters, which is helpful to analyze the potential interaction between genes in mutation. Last but not least, Ripley's K-function is also applied to CNA multi-distance spatial pattern analysis so that we can figure out the differences of different gene CNA events in spatial distribution, which is helpful for tumor analysis and implementing more effective treatment measures based on spatial characteristics of genes.
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Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN , Neoplasias , Humanos , Variaciones en el Número de Copia de ADN/genética , Transcriptoma/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Dosificación de Gen , MutaciónRESUMEN
To address the time-optimal trajectory planning (TOTP) problem with joint jerk constraints in a Cartesian coordinate system, we propose a time-optimal path-parameterization (TOPP) algorithm based on nonlinear optimization. The key insight of our approach is the presentation of a comprehensive and effective iterative optimization framework for solving the optimal control problem (OCP) formulation of the TOTP problem in the (s,sË)-phase plane. In particular, we identify two major difficulties: establishing TOPP in Cartesian space satisfying third-order constraints in joint space, and finding an efficient computational solution to TOPP, which includes nonlinear constraints. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is an effective solution for time-optimal trajectory planning with joint jerk limits, and can be applied to a wide range of robotic systems.