Determination of rivaroxaban in patient's plasma samples by anti-Xa chromogenic test associated to High Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).

Rivaroxaban is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, therapeutically indicated in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases. As other new oral anticoagulants, routine monitoring of rivaroxaban is not necessary, but important in some clinical circumstances. In our study a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method was validated to measure rivaroxaban plasmatic concentration. Our method used a simple sample preparation, protein precipitation, and a fast chromatographic run. It was developed a precise and accurate method, with a linear range from 2 to 500 ng/mL, and a lower limit of quantification of 4 pg on column. The new method was compared to a reference method (anti-factor Xa activity) and both presented a good correlation (r = 0.98, p < 0.001). In addition, we validated hemolytic, icteric or lipemic plasma samples for rivaroxaban measurement by HPLC-MS/MS without interferences. The chromogenic and HPLC-MS/MS methods were highly correlated and should be used as clinical tools for drug monitoring. The method was applied successfully in a group of 49 real-life patients, which allowed an accurate determination of rivaroxaban in peak and trough levels.

Impact of screening and monitoring of capillary blood glucose in the detection of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in non-critical inpatients / Impacto do rastreamento e monitoramento de glicemia capilar na detecção de hiperglicemia e hipoglicemia em pacientes não graves internados

Objective: To evaluate the impact of screening hyper and hypoglycemia measured by capillary glycemia and standard monitorization of hyperglycemic patients hospitalized in regular care units of Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. Methods: The capillary glycemia was measured by the Precision PCx (Abbott) glucosimeter, using the PrecisionWeb (Abbott) software. The detection of hyper and hypoglycemia during the months of May/June were compared to those of March/April in 2009 and to the frequency of the diagnosis of diabetes in 2007. Results: There was an increase in the glycemia screening from 27.7 to 77.5% of hospitalized patients (p < 0.001), of hyperglycemia detection (from 9.3 to 12.2%; p < 0.001) and of hypoglycemia (from 1.5 to 3.3%; p < 0.001) during the months of May/June 2009. According to this action 14 patients for each additional case of hyperglycemia and 26 cases for each case of hypoglycemia were identified. The detection of hyperglycemia was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the frequency of registered diagnosis related do diabetes in the year of 2007. Conclusions: the adoption of an institutional program of glycemia monitorization improves the detection of hyper and hypoglycemia and glycemia control in hospitalized patients in regular care units.

Objetivo: Analisar o impacto do rastreamento de hiper e hipoglicemia mensurada por glicemia capilar e da monitorização padronizada em pacientes hiperglicêmicos internados em unidades não graves do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. Métodos: A glicemia capilar foi mensurada com glucosímetro Precision PCx (Abbott), rastreada com software PrecisionWeb (Abbott). A detecção de hiper e hipoglicemia no bimestre Maio/Junho foi comparada ao bimestre Março/Abril de 2009 e ainda quanto à frequência de diagnósticos relacionados ao diabetes no ano de 2007. Resultados: Houve um aumento do rastreamento de glicemia de 27,7 para 77,5% dos pacientes internados (p < 0,001), na detecção de hiperglicemia (de 9,3 para 12,2%; p < 0,001) e de hipoglicemia (de 1,5 para 3,3%; p < 0,001) no bimestre Maio-Junho de 2009. Com essa iniciativa, foram rastreados 14 pacientes para cada caso adicional de hiperglicemia e 26 pacientes para cada caso de hipoglicemia. A detecção de hiperglicemia foi significantemente maior (p < 0,001) que a frequência de registros de diagnósticos relacionados ao diabetes no ano de 2007. Conclusões: a adoção de um programa institucional de monitoramento de glicemia melhora a detecção de hiper e hipoglicemia e o controle de glicemia em pacientes internados em unidades não graves.

Impact of screening and monitoring of capillary blood glucose in the detection of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in non-critical inpatients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of screening hyper and hypoglycemia measured by capillary glycemia and standard monitorization of hyperglycemic patients hospitalized in regular care units of Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. METHODS: The capillary glycemia was measured by the Precision PCx (Abbott) glucosimeter, using the PrecisionWeb (Abbott) software. The detection of hyper and hypoglycemia during the months of May/June were compared to those of March/April in 2009 and to the frequency of the diagnosis of diabetes in 2007. RESULTS: There was an increase in the glycemia screening from 27.7 to 77.5% of hospitalized patients (p < 0.001), of hyperglycemia detection (from 9.3 to 12.2%; p < 0.001) and of hypoglycemia (from 1.5 to 3.3%; p < 0.001) during the months of May/June 2009. According to this action 14 patients for each additional case of hyperglycemia and 26 cases for each case of hypoglycemia were identified. The detection of hyperglycemia was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the frequency of registered diagnosis related do diabetes in the year of 2007. CONCLUSIONS: the adoption of an institutional program of glycemia monitorization improves the detection of hyper and hypoglycemia and glycemia control in hospitalized patients in regular care units.