Magnetoencephalography recordings reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of recognition memory for complex versus simple auditory sequences.

Auditory recognition is a crucial cognitive process that relies on the organization of single elements over time. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal dynamics underlying the conscious recognition of auditory sequences varying in complexity. To study this, we asked 71 participants to learn and recognize simple tonal musical sequences and matched complex atonal sequences while their brain activity was recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Results reveal qualitative changes in neural activity dependent on stimulus complexity: recognition of tonal sequences engages hippocampal and cingulate areas, whereas recognition of atonal sequences mainly activates the auditory processing network. Our findings reveal the involvement of a cortico-subcortical brain network for auditory recognition and support the idea that stimulus complexity qualitatively alters the neural pathways of recognition memory.

Cross-cultural adaptation into Spanish of the MULTIPleS scale in elderly patients with multimorbidity. / Traducción y adaptación transcultural al español de la escala MULTIPleS en pacientes de edad avanzada con multimorbilidad.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The Multimorbidity Illness Perceptions Scale (MULTIPleS) analyzes whether suffering from two or more chronic diseases affects the quality of life, cost and clinical results of patients. The objective was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the MULTIPleS scale into Spanish. METHODS: Direct translation and back translation followed by synthesis and adaptation by a third translator and a panel of experts to guarantee the conceptual, semantic and content equivalence between both versions. Subsequently, a comprehensibility analysis was performed on a sample of patients. RESULTS: The Spanish version of the MULTIPleS scale was obtained. The medium degree of difficulty in the direct translation and the back translation of the title and the questions showed a low difficulty. In the synthesis and adaptation phase, 6 discrepancies were resolved. The comprehensibility analysis was performed in 10 patients, achieving the established requirement (> 80%) for all items. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish of the MULTIPleS scale. Having this back-translated scale will make it possible to analyze patients' perception of the disease and thus apply improvements in their healthcare.

Cross-cultural adaptation to the Spanish version of the "Structured HIstory of Medication Use" questionnaire for medication reconciliation at admission. / Adaptación transcultural a la versión española del cuestionario "Structured HIstory of Medication Use" para la conciliación de la medicación al ingreso.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The "Structured HIstory of Medication use" (SHIM) questionnaire is a tool developed to obtain an accurate pre-admission overview of medications, involving a structured interview with patients, and has demonstrated its potential to prevent reconciliation errors. The objective of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the SHIM questionnaire to Spanish. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forward and blind-back translations followed by a synthesis and adaptation, with the participation of an expert panel, to guarantee the equivalence between the original questionnaire and the Spanish version. Subsequently, pilot testing of the Spanish version was carried out through cognitive interviews in a sample of polymedicated patients under follow-up by the Department of Internal Medicine. RESULTS: The Spanish version of the SHIM questionnaire (SHIM-e) was obtained. Scores for difficulty assigned by translators involved in forward and back translations were low. During the synthesis and adaptation phase, three discrepancies were resolved, and the expert panel decided to include some terms commonly used for clinical interviews in the Spanish version of the questionnaire. The pilot testing, which was performed in a sample of 10 polymedicated patients admitted to the Department of General and Digestive Surgery, showed 100% comprehensibility for all items, except for number 13, which was 90%. CONCLUSIONS: This work presents the first cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish of the SHIM questionnaire. The forward and blind-back translations presented low difficulty and the results of the pilot testing showed a high level of comprehensibility for the Spanish version of this tool.

Associations between abstract working memory abilities and brain activity underlying long-term recognition of auditory sequences.

Memory is a complex cognitive process composed of several subsystems, namely short- and long-term memory and working memory (WM). Previous research has shown that adequate interaction between subsystems is crucial for successful memory processes such as encoding, storage, and manipulation of information. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between different subsystems at the behavioral and neural levels. Thus, here we assessed the relationship between individual WM abilities and brain activity underlying the recognition of previously memorized auditory sequences. First, recognition of previously memorized versus novel auditory sequences was associated with a widespread network of brain areas comprising the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, insula, inferior temporal cortex, frontal operculum, and orbitofrontal cortex. Second, we observed positive correlations between brain activity underlying auditory sequence recognition and WM. We showed a sustained positive correlation in the medial cingulate gyrus, a brain area that was widely involved in the auditory sequence recognition. Remarkably, we also observed positive correlations in the inferior temporal, temporal-fusiform, and postcentral gyri, brain areas that were not strongly associated with auditory sequence recognition. In conclusion, we discovered positive correlations between WM abilities and brain activity underlying long-term recognition of auditory sequences, providing new evidence on the relationship between memory subsystems. Furthermore, we showed that high WM performers recruited a larger brain network including areas associated with visual processing (i.e., inferior temporal, temporal-fusiform, and postcentral gyri) for successful auditory memory recognition.

[Transcultural translation and adaptation into spanish of the questionnaire "Healthcare task difficulty (hctd) among older-adults with multimorbidity".] / Traducción y adaptación transcultural al español del cuestionario "Healthcare task difficulty (HCTD) among older-adults with multimorbidity".

OBJECTIVE: The increase in chronic diseases as a consequence of the rising life expectancy calls for tools that allow us to analyze the difficulty that patients with multimorbidity present when performing healthcare-related tasks. To this end, we carried out a cross-cultural translation and adaptation into Spanish of the questionnaire "Healthcare Task Difficulty (HCTD) among Older Adults with Multimorbidity." METHODS: Direct translation and back translation were made, followed by a synthesis and adaptation by a third translator and a panel of experts in order to guarantee the conceptual, semantic, and content equivalence between the original questionnaire and the Spanish version. Additionally, an evaluation of the comprehension of the questionnaire in Spanish was carried out in a sample of elderly patients with multimorbidity. RESULTS: The Spanish version of the HCTD questionnaire (HCTD-E) was obtained. The overall difficulty of the translators to find an equivalent expression between both languages was low. In the synthesis and adaptation part, four discrepancies were resolved (two of them were adapted in order to use a terminology closer to our health system and the other two were completed with different examples). The comprehensibility analysis was conducted in a sample of ten elderly patients with multimorbidity, and they showed an excellent comprehensibility. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish of the HCTD questionnaire. The methodology used through direct translation, back-translation and adaptation by a third translator and a panel of experts demonstrated a high level of comprehensibility of the HCTD-E, which was measured with cognitive interviews in a sample of patients.

OBJETIVO: El incremento de las enfermedades crónicas como consecuencia del aumento en la esperanza de vida, hace necesario disponer de herramientas que permitan analizar la dificultad que presentan los pacientes con multimorbilidad, a la hora de realizar tareas relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria. Con este fin, se llevó a cabo una traducción y adaptación transcultural al español del cuestionario "Healthcare Task Difficulty (HCTD) among Older Adults with Multimorbidity". METODOS: Traducción directa y retrotraducción llevadas a cabo por dos traductores, seguidas de una síntesis y adaptación por parte de un tercer traductor. Posterior creación de un panel de expertos con el fin de garantizar la equivalencia conceptual, semántica y de contenido entre la versión original y la española. A continuación, se realizó una evaluación de la comprensión del cuestionario en español en una muestra de pacientes de edad avanzada con múltiples patologías. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo la versión española del cuestionario HCTD (HCTD-E). La dificultad global encontrada por los traductores para hallar una expresión equivalente entre ambos idiomas fue baja. En la fase de síntesis y adaptación, se resolvieron 4 discrepancias con el fin de utilizar una terminología más cercana a nuestro sistema sanitario. El análisis de comprensibilidad se efectuó sobre una muestra de 10 pacientes, mayores y con multimorbilidad en seguimiento por Medicina Interna, el cual demostró una comprensibilidad excelente. CONCLUSIONES: Se trata de la primera adaptación transcultural al español del cuestionario HCTD. La metodología utilizada mediante traducción directa, retrotraducción y adaptación por parte de un tercer traductor y un panel de expertos, ha demostrado un alto nivel de comprensibilidad de la herramienta HCTD-E medida a través de entrevistas cognitivas realizadas en una muestra de pacientes.