RESUMEN
Introduction: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a common emergency symptom in otolaryngology that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. SSNHL has a multifactorial etiology, and its pathophysiologic mechanisms may be associated with inflammatory and metabolic changes that may affect the cochlear microenvironment or its nervous component, thus triggering the process or hindering hearing recovery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess metabolic and inflammatory changes to identify systemic parameters that could serve as prognostic factors for hearing recovery in patients with SSNHL. Materials and methods: Thirty patients with a sudden hearing loss of at least 30 dB in three contiguous frequencies were enrolled in this study. Patients were followed up for 4 months and peripheral blood samples were collected at 7 days (V1), 30 days (V2) and 120 days (V3). Interleukins (IL)-1F7, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and adiponectin were quantified in serum. In addition, lipid and glycemic profiles as well as concentration of creatinine, uric acid, fructosamine, peroxide, total proteins and albumin were analyzed. Patients underwent weekly ear-specific hearing tests with standard pure tone thresholds for frequencies of 250-8,000 Hz, speech recognition threshold and word recognition score. Results: Patients with SSNHL were divided into a group of patients who did not achieve hearing recovery (n = 14) and another group who achieved complete and significant recovery (n = 16). Most serologic parameters showed no significant changes or values indicating clinical changes. However, IFN-γ levels decreased by 36.3% between V1 and V2. The cytokine TNF-α showed a statistically significant decrease from V1 to V3 (from 22.91 to 10.34 pg./mL). Adiponectin showed a decrease from 553.7 ng/mL in V1 to 454.4 ng/mL in V3. Discussion: Our results show that serologic cytokine levels change in the acute phase of manifestation of SSNHL and establish a parallel between systemic changes and improvements in hearing, especially TNF-α, which showed differences in hearing recovery. The use of IFN-γ, TNF-α and adiponectin may elucidate the clinical improvement in these patients.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are fossil viruses that composes 8% of the human genome and plays several important roles in human physiology, including muscle repair/myogenesis. It is believed that inflammation may also regulate HERV expression, and therefore may contribute in the muscle repair, especially after training exercise. Hence, this study aimed to assess the level of HERVs expression and inflammation profile in practitioners' resistance exercises after an acute strength training session. METHODS: Healthy volunteers were separated in regular practitioners of resistance exercise training group (REG, n = 27) and non-trained individuals (Control Group, n = 20). All individuals performed a strength exercise section. Blood samples were collected before the exercise (T0) and 45 minutes after the training session (T1). HERV-K (HML1-10) and W were relatively quantified, cytokine concentration and circulating microparticles were assessed. RESULTS: REG presented higher level of HERV-W expression (~2.5 fold change) than CG at T1 (p<0.01). No difference was observed in the levels of HERV-K expression between the groups as well as the time points. Higher serum TNF-α and IL-10 levels were verified post-training session in REG and CG (p<0.01), and in REG was found a positive correlation between the levels of TNF-α at T1 and IL-10 at T0 (p = 0.01). Finally, a lower endothelial microparticle percentage was observed in REG at T1 than in T0 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: REG individuals exhibited a significant upregulation of HERV-W and modulation of inflammatory markers when compared to CG. This combined effect could potentially support the process of skeletal muscle repair in the exercised individuals.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores , Retrovirus Endógenos , Inflamación , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Humanos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Interleucina-10/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are the two main mental disorders with unknown etiology that significantly impact individuals' quality of life. The potential pro-inflammatory role in their pathogenesis is postulated and Human Endogenous Retrovirus W (HERV-W) is an emerging candidate to modulate this pathogenic finding. HERVs, ancient retroviruses in the human genome, may play roles in inflammation and disease pathogenesis. Despite HERVs' involvement in autoimmune diseases, their influence on mental disorders remains underexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the level of HERV-W-env expression and the systemic inflammatory profile through the concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and INF-γ cytokines in BD and SZ patients. RESULTS: All participants showed HERV-W-env expression, but its expression was higher in mental disorder patients (p < 0.01) than in control. When separated, SZ individuals exhibited higher HERV-W expression than the control group (p < 0.01). Higher serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were found in BD (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.001, respectively) and SZ (p = 0.01) and p = 0.01, respectively) than in the control group, while SZ showed decreased levels IFN-γ and IL-2 as compared to controls (p = 0.05) and BD patients (p = 0.05), respectively. Higher TNF-α/IL-4 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios, and lower IFN-γ/IL-10 were observed in BD and SZ patients than controls. Significant negative correlation between HERV-W-env expression and IL-10 (r=-0.47 p < 0.05), as well as positive correlations between HERV-W-env expression and TNF-α/IL-10 or IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios (r = 0.48 p < 0.05 and r = 0.46 p < 0.05, respectively) were found in BD patients. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest not only a potential link between HERV-W-env expression both in BD and SZ, but also a possible involvement of systemic inflammatory status in BD patients.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar , Citocinas , Retrovirus Endógenos , Esquizofrenia , Regulación hacia Arriba , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/virología , Esquizofrenia/inmunología , Trastorno Bipolar/inmunología , Trastorno Bipolar/virología , Retrovirus Endógenos/genética , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Citocinas/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inflamación , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-10/sangre , Interferón gamma/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment in the expression of chemokine receptors, in individuals with Periodontitis, associated or not with Diabetes. Pilot study, which included patients (n = 45) with Periodontitis, associated (n = 25) or not (n = 20) with Diabetes, submitted to the non-surgical periodontal treatment for one month. The expression of chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 at the mRNA level was evaluated in the peripheral mononuclear cells, as well as the expression of these receptors at the protein level was verified in monocyte subtypes (classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes). There was higher expression of CCR2 and CCR5 receptors at the initial visit in the group with Diabetes, with no differences for CX3CR1 (p = 0.002; p = 0.018, and p = 0.896, respectively), without differences after treatment. There was higher expression of CCR2 and CCR5 proteins in the group with Diabetes at the initial visit for classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, with no differences for CX3CR1 (CCR2: p = 0.004; p = 0.026; p = 0.024; CCR5: 0.045; p = 0.045; p = 0.013; CX3CR1: p = 0.424; p = 0.944; p = 0.392, respectively), without differences after the end of treatment. Concerning each group separately, there were reductions in the expression of CCR2 as well as CCR5 in classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes, and reduction of CX3CR1 in classical monocytes after treatment in the group with Diabetes (p = 0.003; p = 0.006; p = 0.039; p = 0.007; p = 0.006; p = 0.004; p = 0.019, respectively), without differences in the group without Diabetes. The expression of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5, in patients with Periodontitis associated with Diabetes, is favorably modified after the end of the non-surgical periodontal treatment.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Periodontitis , Humanos , Monocitos/metabolismo , Proyectos Piloto , Receptores CCR2/genética , Receptores CCR2/metabolismo , Receptores CCR5/genética , Receptores CCR5/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Periodontitis/terapia , Periodontitis/metabolismo , Receptor 1 de Quimiocinas CX3C/genética , Receptor 1 de Quimiocinas CX3C/metabolismoRESUMEN
Studies about thymic B cells are scarce in the literature, but it was suggested that they can exert modulatory and regulatory functions on the immune system. Thymic B cells can play some role in regulating the most frequent allergic background worldwide, the atopy induced by the mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p). Here, we aimed to evaluate if the polyclonal IgG repertoire produced by Der p-atopic individuals can influence the homing and cytokine profile of human thymic B derived from non-atopic children aged less than seven days. With this purpose, we produced polyclonal IgG formulations and cultivated human thymocytes in their presence. We also assessed IgG subclasses and the direct interaction of IgG with thymic B cell membranes. Our results could demonstrate that Der p-atopic IgG could not reduce the expression of α4ß7 homing molecule as observed in response to the other IgG formulations and could reduce the frequency of IFN-γ- and IL-9-producing thymic B cells compared to the mock condition. Der p-atopic IgG could also induce thymic IL-10-producing B cells compared to control conditions. The IgG derived from Der p-atopic individuals failed to diminish the population of IL-13-producing thymic B cells, unlike the reduction observed with other IgG formulations when compared to the mock condition. All IgG formulations had similar levels of IgG subclasses and directly interacted with thymic B cell membranes. Finally, we performed experiments using peripheral non-atopic B cells where IgG effects were not observed. In conclusion, our observation demonstrates that IgG induced in allergic individuals can modulate non-atopic thymic B cells, potentially generating thymic B cells prone to allergy development, which seems to not occur in mature B cells.
Asunto(s)
Hipersensibilidad Inmediata , Hipersensibilidad , Animales , Niño , Humanos , Interleucina-10 , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus , Interleucina-9 , Interferón gamma/metabolismo , Inmunoglobulina G , Fenotipo , Antígenos Dermatofagoides , AlérgenosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The current study aims to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on the modulation of monocyte phenotype, in the presence or absence of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The identification, quantification, and phenotypic characterization of monocyte subtypes (classical, intermediate, and non-classical) were performed by flow cytometry, at baseline and 1 month after the end of non-surgical periodontal treatment, in patients with periodontitis, associated or not with diabetes. RESULTS: There was an increase in non-classical monocytes after treatment and a reduction in intermediate monocytes, without differences for the classical subtype, regardless of the diabetes status. Furthermore, there was a reduction in intermediate monocytes and an increase in non-classical and classical monocytes after treatment in the diabetes group, while no significant differences were observed for classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes in the group without diabetes. Comparisons between the two groups showed significant differences for classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes at baseline; these differences were not found one month after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical periodontal treatment leads to modulation of monocytes to a less inflammatory phenotype, especially in individuals with diabetes. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A better understanding of the role of these biomarkers in the periodontitis contex may constitute a new strategic target for a better treatment of patiens with diabetes associated to periodontitis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials-RBR-35szwc. Jhefferson Miranda Alves and Danielle Borges Germano contributed equality to this study and should be considered first authors.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus , Periodontitis , Humanos , Monocitos , Biomarcadores , FenotipoRESUMEN
Background: Although aging is a process associated with the development of obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and sarcopenia, the prevalence of these conditions in older adults from São Paulo, Brazil, is unclear. Methods: Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity, sarcopenia, and MetS, both separately and together, in a community-based sample of older adults from São Paulo, Brazil. Data from the medical records of 418 older adults of both genders, aged 60 years or older (mean age 69.3 ± 6.5 years), who were not physically active, were used to conduct this retrospective cross-sectional study. Anthropometric variables were used to determine both body mass index (BMI) and Conicity index (C index). Sarcopenia and MetS were defined according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People and by the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, respectively. Results: Based on BMI, the group of older men (n = 91) showed a predominance of adequate weight (n = 49) and the group of older women (n = 327) showed a predominance of obesity (n = 181). In association with obesity, while only the group of older women presented with sarcopenia (n = 5), 52 older women and 9 older men presented with MetS, and two older women presented with sarcopenia + MetS [prevalence ratio = 0.0385, 95% CI (0.007;0.1924)]. Based on the C index, 58 older women and 11 older men presented with MetS, while the occurrence of sarcopenia or MetS + sarcopenia was found in 32 and 5 older women, respectively [prevalence ratio = 0.0910, 95% CI (0.037;0.2241)]. Discussion: Our results suggest that obesity, as measured by BMI or the C Index, was more closely associated with the occurrence of MetS than sarcopenia, regardless of gender, and also that sarcopenic obesity was only found in the group of older women. Additionally, the prevalence ratio of obesity, sarcopenia, and MetS evidenced using the C index was 2.3 times higher than the values found using the BMI classification.
RESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the lipid-lowering and antiplatelet combined strategies on the expression of the receptors CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 and the percentage of CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 cells in monocyte subtypes after acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, open-label study, with blinded analyses of endpoints (PROBE, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02428374, registration date: April 28, 2015). Participants were treated with rosuvastatin 20 mg or simvastatin 40 mg plus ezetimibe 10 mg, as well as ticagrelor 90 mg or clopidogrel 75 mg. The chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction as well as the percentages of CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 cells in the monocyte subtypes (classical, intermediate, and non-classical), which were quantified by flow cytometry, at baseline, and after 1 and 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: After comparisons between the three visits, regardless of the treatment arm, there was an increase in CCR2 expression after treatment, as well as an increase in intermediate monocytes CCR2+ and a reduction in non-classical monocytes CCR2+ at the end of treatment. There was also a lower expression of CCR5 after treatment and an increase in classical and non-classical monocytes CCR5+. Concerning CX3CR1, there were no differences in the expression after treatment; however, there were reductions in the percentage of intermediate and non-classical monocytes CX3CR1+ at the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the persistence of the inflammatory phenotype, known as trained immunity, even with the highly-effective lipid-lowering and antiplatelet therapies. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 700-707.
Asunto(s)
Infarto del Miocardio , Humanos , Estudios Prospectivos , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Monocitos/metabolismo , Receptores de Quimiocina/metabolismo , LípidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Microparticles (MPs) are membrane-derived vesicles released from cells undergoing activation or apoptosis with diverse proinflammatory and prothrombotic activities, that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs), endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMPs), and monocyte-derived microparticles (MMPs) in SSc patients, and the association between MPs and the clinical features of SSc. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 70 patients with SSc and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated. Clinical and nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) data were obtained from all patients. Plasma levels of PMPs (CD42+/31+), EMPs (CD105+), and MMPs (CD14+) were quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Patients were mainly females (90%), with a mean age of 48.9 years old. PMP, EMP, and MMP levels were significantly increased in SSc patients compared to controls (79.2% ± 17.3% vs. 71.0% ± 19.8%, p = 0.033; 43.5% ± 8.7% vs. 37.8% ± 10.4%, p = 0.004; and 3.5% ± 1.3% vs. 1.1% ± 0.5%, p < 0.0001, respectively). PMP levels were significantly higher in patients with positive anti-topoisomerase-I antibodies (p = 0.030) and in patients with a disease duration > 3 years (p = 0.038). EMP levels were lower in patients with a higher modified Rodnan skin score (p = 0.015), and in those with an avascular score > 1.5 in NFC (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: The increased levels of PMPs, EMPs and MMPs in scleroderma patients might indicate a possible role for these agents in the pathogenesis of this challenging disease.
Asunto(s)
Micropartículas Derivadas de Células , Esclerodermia Sistémica , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Micropartículas Derivadas de Células/patología , Estudios Transversales , Piel/patología , Citometría de Flujo , Esclerodermia Sistémica/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Herein, we aimed to follow up on the cellular and humoral immune responses of a group of individuals who initially received the CoronaVac vaccine, followed by a booster with the Pfizer vaccine. METHODS: Blood samples were collected: before and 30 days after the first CoronaVac dose; 30, 90, and 180 days after the second CoronaVac dose, and also 20 days after the booster with the Pfizer vaccine. RESULTS: Whilst the positivity to gamma interferon-type cellular response increased after the first CoronaVac dose, neutralizing and IgG antibody levels only raised 30 days after the second dose, followed by a drop in these responses after 90 and 180 days. The booster with the Pfizer vaccine elicited a robust cellular and humoral response. A higher number of double-negative and senescent T cells, as well as increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were found in the participants with lower humoral immune responses. CONCLUSION: CoronaVac elicited an early cellular response, followed by a humoral response, which dropped 90 days after the second dose. The booster with the Pfizer vaccine significantly enhanced these responses. Furthermore, a pro-inflammatory systemic status was found in volunteers who presented senescent T cells, which could putatively impair the immune response to vaccination.
RESUMEN
Chemokine receptors are fundamental in many processes related to cardiovascular diseases, such as monocyte migration to vessel walls, cell adhesion, and angiogenesis, among others. Even though many experimental studies have shown the utility of blocking these receptors or their ligands in the treatment of atherosclerosis, the findings in clinical research are still poor. Thus, in the current review we aimed to describe some promising results concerning the blockade of chemokine receptors as therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and also to discuss some challenges that need to be overcome before using these strategies in clinical practice.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Monocitos , Humanos , Monocitos/metabolismo , Receptores de Quimiocina/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Quimiocina CCL2RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In this study, we aimed to investigate the specific-antibody response to the COVID-19 vaccination and the immunophenotyping of T cells in older adults who were engaged or not in an exercise training program before the pandemic. METHODS: Ninety-three aged individuals (aged between 60 and 85 years) were separated into 3 groups: practitioners of physical exercise vaccinated with CoronaVac (PE-Co, n = 46), or vaccinated with ChadOx-1 (PE-Ch, n = 23), and non-practitioners vaccinated with ChadOx-1 (NPE-Ch, n = 24). Blood samples were collected before (pre) and 30 days after vaccination with the second vaccine dose. RESULTS: Higher IgG levels and immunogenicity were found in the PE-Ch and NPE-Ch groups, whereas increased IgA levels were found only in the PE-Ch group post-vaccination. The PE-Co group showed a positive correlation between the IgA and IgG values, and lower IgG levels post-vaccination were associated with age. Significant alterations in the percentage of naive (CD28+CD57-), double-positive (CD28+CD57+), and senescent (CD28-CD57+) CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells were found post-vaccination, particularly in the PE-Ch group. CONCLUSIONS: The volunteers vaccinated with the ChadOx-1 presented not only a better antibody response but also a significant modulation in the percentage of T cell profiles, mainly in the previously exercised group.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , COVID-19/prevención & control , Antígenos CD28 , Pandemias , Vacunación , Ejercicio Físico , Inmunidad , Inmunoglobulina G , Inmunoglobulina A , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Here, we investigated the impact of IFN-lambda-3 polymorphism on specific IgG responses for COVID-19 in older adults seropositive for CMV. METHODS: Blood samples of 25 older adults of both sexes were obtained at three different times: during a micro-outbreak (MO) of SARS-CoV-2 in 2020; eight months after (CURE); and 30 days after the administration of the second dose of ChadOx-1 vaccine (VAC). The specific IgG for both SARS-CoV-2 and CMV antigens, neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and also the polymorphism profile for IFN-lambda-3 (rs12979860 C > T) were assessed. RESULTS: Higher levels of specific IgG for SARS-CoV-2 antigens were found in the MO and VAC than in the CURE time-point. Volunteers with specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 showed better specific IgG responses for SARS-CoV-2 and lower specific IgG levels for CMV than volunteers without specific neutralizing antibodies. Significant negative correlations between the specific IgG levels for SARS-CoV-2 and CMV were found at the MO time-point, as well as in the group of individuals homozygous for allele 1 (C/C) in the MO time-point and heterozygotes (C/T) in the CURE time-point. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that both CMV seropositivity and the homozygosis for allele 1 (C/C) in IFN-lambda-3 gene can negatively impact the antibody response to COVID-19 infection and vaccination in older adults.
RESUMEN
Abstract Background Microparticles (MPs) are membrane-derived vesicles released from cells undergoing activation or apoptosis with diverse proinflammatory and prothrombotic activities, that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). We aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs), endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMPs), and monocyte-derived microparticles (MMPs) in SSc patients, and the association between MPs and the clinical features of SSc. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 70 patients with SSc and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated. Clinical and nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) data were obtained from all patients. Plasma levels of PMPs (CD42+/31+), EMPs (CD105+), and MMPs (CD14+) were quantified by flow cytometry. Results Patients were mainly females (90%), with a mean age of 48.9 years old. PMP, EMP, and MMP levels were significantly increased in SSc patients compared to controls (79.2% ± 17.3% vs. 71.0% ± 19.8%, p = 0.033; 43.5% ± 8.7% vs. 37.8% ± 10.4%, p = 0.004; and 3.5% ± 1.3% vs. 1.1% ± 0.5%, p < 0.0001, respectively). PMP levels were significantly higher in patients with positive anti-topoisomerase-I antibodies (p = 0.030) and in patients with a disease duration > 3 years (p = 0.038). EMP levels were lower in patients with a higher modified Rodnan skin score (p = 0.015), and in those with an avascular score > 1.5 in NFC (p = 0.042). Conclusion The increased levels of PMPs, EMPs and MMPs in scleroderma patients might indicate a possible role for these agents in the pathogenesis of this challenging disease.
RESUMEN
Abstract Objectives: Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have many applications such as stem cell biology research, new drug discovery, cancer, and Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP). This disease is characterized by a significant impact on quality of life and productivity. The diversity of factors that act in the progression of CRSwNP point to the creation of a cell culture model that allows the integration of different cell types with extracellular matrix. This work aimed to create a cell culture model in 3 dimensions (spheroids) for the study of Nasal Polyposis. Methods: Nasal polyp tissue from patients diagnosed with CRSwNP was mechanically dissociated using tweezers and a scalpel and the solution containing cells and small aggregates of nasal polyps was transferred to a Petri dish containing 5 mL of culture medium at the concentration of 106 cells/mL. Results: The spheroids were cultivated for 20 days, fixed and analyzed using confocal microscopy. In a 3D culture environment, the spheroids were formed both by clustering cells and from small tissue fragments. In the cultures analyzed, the ciliary beat was present from the dissociation of the cells up to 20 days in culture. Conclusion: Our findings also point to these characteristics showing the environment generated in our study, the cells remained differentiated for a longer time and with ciliary beating. Thus, this work shows that nasal polyp-derived cells can be maintained in a 3D environment, enabling better strategies for understanding CRSwNP in situations similar to those found in vivo. Level of evidence: Laboratory studies.
RESUMEN
Abstract Objective: Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) is a simplified bedside neurophysiology tool that has been implemented in the neonatal intensive care unit and studied in an extensive range of clinical applications in the past decade. This critical review aimed to evaluate a variety of clinical applications of aEEG monitoring in diagnosis, clinical management, and prognosis assessment in critically ill neonates. Sources: The databases of Pubmed, SciELO, Lilacs, and Cochrane, books, and other online resources were consulted, as well as sources of professional experiences. Summary of findings: The clinical use of aEEG to access real-time brain function, background activity, and utility in seizures detection has been described. A critical review was realized considering the authors' professional experience. Newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and seizures screening represent the most common studied population. However, several studies have shown interesting applications on preterm infants, newborns with congenital heart disease, and other clinical situations of high risk of injury to the developing brain. Conclusion: The aEEG has shown to be a useful non-invasive bedside monitor that aids in evaluating brain function, background activity, and cyclicity. aEEG findings have also demonstrated good prognostic value in a group of critically ill neonates. The aEEG seizure diagnosis capability has limitations, which have been already well established. The use of neonatal brain monitoring such as aEEG was shown to give valuable information in several high-risk clinical situations.
RESUMEN
The purpose of this research was to investigate the degree of agreement between data from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ) and accelerometer (ActiGraph®) readings for physical activity (PA), classified as moderate, vigorous, and moderate-vigorous PA, and sedentary behavior (SB) in participants with major depressive or bipolar disorder. Following a cross-sectional observational design (n = 30), participants used an accelerometer for 4 to 7 days (minimum of 10 h per day) and answered the IPAQ (for the same period as accelerometer use). Our results suggest significant differences (p < 0.05) when comparing the ActiGraph® and IPAQ data: for moderate PA, 155 min vs. 25 min per week; for moderate-vigorous PA, 157 min vs. 50 min per week; and for SB, 8 h vs. 3 h per day. Spearman's correlation coefficients (ActiGraph® and IPAQ) were low for moderate PA, vigorous PA, and moderate-vigorous PA (rho = 0.03 to 0.13). The Bland-Altman plot showed a bias of -75 min for moderate PA, 9 min for vigorous PA, -66 min for moderate-vigorous PA, and -5 h for SB. Considering the differences observed and the objectivity of the ActiGraph® measurements, whenever possible, we recommend ActiGraph® measurements of PA and SB for these clinical groups.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Ejercicio Físico/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Because the consequences of the lifestyle changes in older adults associated with the social isolation imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are not fully understood, here, we investigated the effects of one year of social isolation imposed by COVID-19 on the metabolic parameters and functional physical capacity of older women who regularly practiced physical exercises before the pandemic. METHODS: Systemic lipid and protein profiles, estimated creatinine clearance (ECC), and functional physical capacity (FPC) were assessed before (January-February 2020) and 12 months after social isolation in 30 older women (mean age 73.77 ± 6.22) who were engaged in a combined-exercise training program for at least 3 years before the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: In this group, we observed increased plasma levels of triglycerides and creatinine, an increase in the time necessary to perform gait speed and time-up-and-go tests, and reduced muscle strength assessed by the handgrip test and ECC post-COVID-19 pandemic relative to values recorded pre-pandemic. In addition, we observed significant correlations (both negative and positive) between anthropometric, some metabolic parameters, and physical tests. CONCLUSION: One year of interruption of physical exercise practice imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered some systemic metabolic parameters and worsened ECC and FPC in older women.
RESUMEN
Creches são consideradas ambientes saudáveis, pois, para além de cumprir uma missão de educação, exercem influência em cuidados básicos de saúde, responsabilizando-se pela integridade física e emocional da criança, bem como orientando hábitos de higiene, alimentação e socialização interpessoal. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar ambientes de creches, compreendendo melhor os fatores de risco presentes e os padrões de comportamento ensinados, assim como sua associação com cárie dentária, traumatismo dentário e presença de biofilme. Trata-se de estudo transversal com utilização da Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale Revised (ITERS-R), escala de avaliação de ambientes, conduzido em dois municípios do interior do estado do Rio de Janeiro, em creches públicas e particulares. Para avaliação das lesões de cárie, seguiu-se o critério do Sistema Internacional de Detecção e Avaliação de Cárie (ICDAS International Caries Detection and Assessment System); para a presença de biofilme, o critério de Alaluusua e Malmivirta; e o critério descrito por O'Brien para lesões traumáticas. A associação entre ambiente e desfechos foi verificada através da comparação de médias para as variáveis numéricas, via teste t de Student e, para variáveis categóricas binárias, empregou-se a regressão logística. Foi verificada uma baixa qualidade dos ambientes das creches em relação à saúde bucal, ficando os escores médios de ambiente no valor mais baixo da escala (entre 1,2 e 1,4), e houve associação estatisticamente significante entre ambientes e cárie (RC: 0,51; IC: 0,29-0,88) e com biofilme (RC: 0,27; IC: 0,17-0,42). Conclui-se que existe uma inadequação do ambiente das creches que não contribui para a construção de conhecimentos relativos à educação para saúde bucal, que se associa com desfechos de saúde bucal. Pode-se, assim, considerar creches como ambientes não saudáveis em relação à saúde bucal.
Child Day Care Centers are considered healthy environments since, beyond the educational role, they still influence basic health care, taking responsibility for the physical and emotional integrity of the child, as well as guiding hygiene habits, feeding habits, and interpersonal socialization. Objectives: In this context, this study aimed to evaluate daycare environments, better understanding the health determinants present and the behavior patterns taught, as well as their association with dental caries, dental trauma, and the presence of biofilm. This is a cross-sectional study using the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale Revised (ITERS-R) for assessing environments, carried out in two municipalities in the interior of the state of Rio de Janeiro, in public and private day care centers. To evaluate caries lesions, the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criterion was followed; for the presence of biofilm, the Alaluusua and Malmivirta criteria; and for traumatic injuries, the criterion described by O'Brien. The association between environment and outcomes was verified by comparing means for numerical variables, via Student's t-test and, for binary categorical variables, logistic regression was used. A low quality of day care centers regarding oral health was verified, with the average environment scores at the lowest value of the scale (between 1.2 and 1.4), and there was a statistically significant association between environments and caries (RC: 0.51; CI: 0.29-0.88) and with biofilm (RC: 0.27; CI: 0.17-0.42). In conclusion, there is an inadequacy of the day care environment that does not contribute to the construction of knowledge related to oral health education, which is associated with oral health outcomes. Therefore, day cares can be considered unhealthy environments regarding oral health.
Los jardines de infancia se consideran un ambiente saludable porque, además de cumplir una misión educativa, influyen en los cuidados básicos de la salud, se responsabilizan de la integridad física y emocional del niño, y orientan los hábitos de higiene, alimentación y socialización interpersonal. Por tanto, este estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar ambientes de jardines de infancia para comprender mejor los factores de riesgo presentes y padrones de comportamiento enseñados, así como su asociación con la caries dental, traumatismo dental y presencia de biopelícula. Este es un estudio transversal con utilización de escala Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale Revised (ITERS-R), la evaluación de ambientes en guarderías públicas y particulares en dos municipios del estado de Río de Janeiro. Para la evaluación de las lesiones de caries, se siguieron los criterios del International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS); para una presencia de biopelícula se utilizó el criterio de Alaluusua y Malmivirta, y el descrito por O'Brien para lesiones traumáticas. La asociación entre el ambiente y los resultados se observó por medio de la comparación de medias para las variables numéricas, mediante la prueba t de Student, y para las variables categóricas binarias, se utilizó la Regresión Logística. Se constató una baja calidad de los ambientes con relación a la salud bucal, con puntajes promedio de ambiente en el valor más bajo de la escala (entre 1,2 y 1,4) y hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre ambientes y caries (OR: 0,51; IC: 0,29-0,88) y con biopelícula (OR 0,27; IC: 0,17-0,42). Se concluye que las guarderías son inadecuadas, porque no contribuyen a la construcción de conocimientos relacionados con la educación en salud bucal y esto se asocia a resultados de salud oral. Se puede, de esa forma, considerarlos ambientes no saludables relacionados a la salud bucal.