RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing limb amputation (LA) or limb-sparing (LS) for lower extremity oncologic diagnoses are at similar risk for chronic postsurgical pain of neuropathic nature (CPSP/NP). Regional anesthesia (RA) techniques are pre-emptive measures to prevent the occurrence of the CPS/NP. However, recommendations for epidural (EP) versus peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) lack in pediatric literature. AIMS: This study investigates the incidence and duration of CPSP/NP and describes NP-directed regimens. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data on demographics, use of EP or PNB, duration of CPSP/NP, and NP-directed medication were retrospectively collected for LA and LS between 2009 and 2019. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to compare the odds of CPSP/NP between EP and PNB. Cox PH model with adjustment for clustering due to multiple surgeries on patients was used to quantify rate of pain relief between surgery groups (LA vs. LS) and RA groups (EP vs. PNB). The incidence of CPSP/NP was 36 (23.8%) after 165 surgeries (150 patients). The odds of CPSP/NP after PNB were 2.5 times those of CPSP/NP after EP (p = .11). The rate of pain relief at any instant after the EP was 1.2 times that after PNB (p = .3). The rate of pain relief for LS with EP was 1.9 times that of pain relief for LA with EP, a statistically significant difference (p = .03). Gabapentin was used (94.5%), with addition of amitriptyline (24.2%) and both amitriptyline and methadone (12.7%). CONCLUSION: The LS with the EP group had a significantly higher rate of relief of CPSP/NP than LA with EP. Odds of CPSP/NP after PNB were 2.5 times those of CPSP after EP.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia de Conducción , Dolor Crónico , Neoplasias , Humanos , Niño , Adulto Joven , Estudios Retrospectivos , Amitriptilina/uso terapéutico , Dolor Crónico/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Crónico/epidemiología , Dolor Crónico/etiología , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Anestesia de Conducción/efectos adversos , Amputación QuirúrgicaRESUMEN
Adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) have been shown to have pain-related sequelae following COVID-19 infection. In this case series, we discuss five adolescents with SCD and SARS-CoV-2 infection who subsequently developed complex pain circumstances manifested as: (1) increased frequency of acute care visits or admissions for pain; (2) new onset chronic pain; (3) new onset neuropathic pain; (4) escalation in the complexity of pharmacologic therapies; (5) increased use of nonpharmacologic interventions. While more research is needed to fully understand the implications of COVID-19 infection on pain in adolescents with SCD, these cases suggest the presence of a complex relationship.
RESUMEN
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a debilitating disorder that causes significant pain and can decrease the quality of life of affected individuals. This is the first report of CRPS in an adolescent oncology patient, whose symptoms successfully resolved with 3 weeks of intensive, multimodal, and multidisciplinary therapies. She experienced a complete return to pre-CRPS functional status within 10 weeks. The successful outcome of this case highlights the importance of early recognition of CRPS in the adolescent population and the need for a multimodal intensive treatment regimen to prevent the development of chronic pain and loss of limb function.
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Síndromes de Dolor Regional Complejo , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras , Adolescente , Humanos , Calidad de Vida , Terapia Combinada , Síndromes de Dolor Regional Complejo/terapia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicaciones , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapiaRESUMEN
Liposomal bupivacaine is a long-acting amide local anesthetic with a limited list of indications. At the time of publication, use is limited to field block and surgical wound infiltration and, more recently, interscalene nerve block. Although commonly used in adults, less is known about the safety and efficacy in pediatric patients. We present the use of liposomal bupivacaine for pediatric celiac plexus block in a 12-year-old boy suffering from gastrointestinal complications (eg, pain, constipation, and ileus) after bone marrow transplantation. Celiac plexus block utilizing liposomal bupivacaine was successfully used to palliate his pain and to normalize bowel function.
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Plexo Celíaco , Anestésicos Locales , Bupivacaína , Niño , Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Dolor PostoperatorioRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Despite a more robust experience with lidocaine infusions for pain management in adults and general pediatric population, there is limited evidence of efficacy of lidocaine infusions for pain management in patients with pediatric hematology and oncology diagnoses. METHODS: Data pertaining to continuous intravenous lidocaine infusions prescribed between January 2009 and June 2019 were reviewed, including patients' demographic characteristics, hematology/oncology and pain diagnoses, concurrent pain medications, and lidocaine infusion dose regimens and duration. Pain scores and opioid consumption calculations based on morphine equivalent doses (mg/kg/day) of patient-controlled analgesia were collected 1 day before infusion (D1), during infusion (D2), and 1 day after infusion (D3). RESULTS: The mean opioid consumption on D3 was significantly lower than that on D2 (p = .01). The pain scores on D3 were significantly lower than those on D1 when measured as average pain scores per 24 hours (p < .001) or as single pain scores immediately before and after infusions (p < .001). No significant associations were found between cumulative doses of lidocaine (loading dose plus total infusion dose) and either a decrease in the opioid consumption or a decrease in pain scores. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective series of pediatric hematology and oncology cases, we report positive outcomes in reducing opioid consumption and pain scores after lidocaine infusions. Prospective investigations designed in a collaborative, multi-institutional fashion, including a variety of pediatric populations are needed to further investigate the efficacy of lidocaine infusions.
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Analgésicos Opioides , Lidocaína , Neoplasias , Dolor Intratable , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Anestésicos Locales , Niño , Hematología , Humanos , Infusiones Intravenosas , Lidocaína/uso terapéutico , Oncología Médica , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor Intratable/tratamiento farmacológico , Pediatría , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Success rates of lumbar punctures (LPs) in children are reportedly as low as 50%. In addition to procedural complications and failure, difficult LPs are a risk factor for traumatic LPs (TLPs), which can potentially affect diagnostic utility and alter treatment plans for pediatric oncology patients. To identify the intrinsic factors associated with technically difficult LPs in the pediatric oncology population, we performed a retrospective review of patients who required diagnostic imaging modalities for LP procedures at a single pediatric oncology institution between September 2008 and November 2018. We evaluated data from 64 LPs performed in 33 patients who were referred for image-guided LPs after undergoing technically difficult LPs that were unsuccessful using anatomic landmarks. In these cases, 96.9% of patients had at least one of the following intrinsic factors: body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25, anatomic spinal abnormalities, history of ≥ 5 previous LPs, age < 12 months, and history of back surgery. Elevated BMI was the most common factor associated with difficult LP (81.8%), followed by spinal abnormalities (51.5%), and history of ≥ 5 previous LPs (33.3%). Age < 12 months and history of back surgery were also associated with difficult LPs, but at a lower frequency. On the basis of these findings, we propose clinical recommendations for preprocedural identification of patients at risk of difficult LPs to reduce complications, including TLP, failure, and exposure to general anesthesia.
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Biopsia Guiada por Imagen , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Punción Espinal , Adolescente , Causalidad , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Biopsia Guiada por Imagen/efectos adversos , Biopsia Guiada por Imagen/métodos , Lactante , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Punción Espinal/efectos adversos , Punción Espinal/métodos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although existing melanoma literature provides recommendations for thinner lesions (≤1 mm) within a heterogeneous population, a focus on the head and neck group is less pervasive. METHODS: The records of 49 node-negative individuals with thin head and neck melanoma that underwent surgical intervention ± sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy were reviewed. RESULTS: A significant increased Breslow thickness and mitotic rate, and a trend toward significance in Clark level ≥ IV were shown in patients that underwent an SLN biopsy versus those that did not. The total number of positive biopsies was 2 (5%). In our subset analysis using the modified American Joint Committee on Cancer recommendations by Wong and colleagues, the incidence of positive SLN biopsy would have increased to 11%. CONCLUSION: We advocate performing an SLN biopsy in thin head and neck melanomas for primary tumors > 0.75 mm, regardless of "high-risk" features as described by Wong and colleagues.