RESUMEN
The fungicidal properties of a new fungicide, isofetamid, were examined to assess its antifungal spectrum, mode of action, and effects on the infection process of Botrytis cinerea. Additionally, we investigated its fungicidal activity against isolates of B. cinerea resistant to existing fungicides. In mycelial growth inhibition tests, isofetamid exhibited excellent fungicidal activity against ascomycetes but showed no activity against basidiomycetes and oomycetes. Respiratory enzyme assay using mitochondria revealed that isofetamid inhibited succinate dehydrogenase activity prepared from B. cinerea and other ascomycetes fungi used in the study. On the other hand, the activity of mitochondria prepared from Pythium, potato and rat were not inhibited. Isofetamid inhibited also many stages of the infection processes in B. cinerea. Furthermore, it exhibited high fungicidal activity against B. cinerea isolates that were resistant to existing fungicides.
RESUMEN
Pyriofenone is a new fungicide developed by Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. To determine the fungicidal spectrum of pyriofenone, in vivo pot tests and in vitro mycelial growth-inhibition tests were conducted. Pyriofenone showed excellent activity against wheat and cucumber powdery mildew and moderate efficacy against rice blast in the pot tests. In the mycelial growth-inhibition tests, most fungi were not affected by pyriofenone except for Botrytis cinerea, Helminthosporium sacchari, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Pyricularia oryzae, Rosellinia necatrix, and Verticillium dahliae. The fungicidal properties of pyriofenone on powdery mildew in cucumber and wheat were evaluated precisely. Pyriofenone exhibited excellent preventive and residual activities. It had high rainfastness in the cucumber leaves against powdery mildew. Pyriofenone also showed inhibitory activity on lesion development upon application until 2 days after inoculation, and the lesion expansion and sporulation of the cucumber powdery mildew fungus were effectively controlled. Furthermore, pyriofenone showed translaminar and vapor activities.
RESUMEN
This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of differently-tapered EndoWave nickel-titanium endodontic rotary instruments (size #30/0.04 taper and #30/0.06 taper; Group 0.04 and 0.06, respectively). Torsional and bending properties were evaluated with the cyclic fatigue test and the cantilever bending test, respectively. Canal transportation was assessed following instrumentation of curved canals in resin blocks. Torque and apical force during instrumentation were determined using an automated instrumentation and torque/force analyzing device. The number of cycles to fracture was Group 0.04>Group 0.06 (p<0.05). The bending load values were Group 0.06>Group 0.04 (p<0.05). Group 0.04 better maintained the original canal shape compared with Group 0.06. The median clockwise torque value was Group 0.06>Group 0.04 (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were detected in the median counterclockwise torque and apical force values (p>0.05). Under the present experimental condition, 0.04- and 0.06-tapered EndoWave instruments exhibited different mechanical properties.