The Effect of Nursing Approach on the Self-Management and Adjustment to the Illness among Newly Diagnosed Diabetic Patients According to Meleis's Transition Theory.

This study aimed to determine how the nursing approach based on Meleis's transition theory affects the self-management and adjustment to the illness among newly diagnosed diabetic patients. The study was conducted as one-group and pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. The data were collected using the Introductory Questionnaire, the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale-Self Report (PAIS-SR). It was determined that there was a positive increase in the total score of the DSMQ after the intervention, and a positive decrease in the total score of the PAIS-SR, and the difference between the scores were statistically significant (p < .05).

Religious Rituals Performed by Muslim Palliative Caregivers in Turkey During the Grieving Process: An Exploratory Study.

This study identifies the religious and cultural mourning rituals used by family members who provided care for palliative care patients. The study was conducted between January and February 2021. The research population was composed of family and community caregivers for patients in a palliative care unit at a hospital. The sample size was 245 people. An examination of the food rituals of caregivers during the mourning period showed that 47.3% thought it was appropriate to cook at the deceased patient's residence for 7 days during the mourning period, 59.6% read Mawleed (prayer ritual) on the 3rd day after death and 56.3% offered halwa (food ritual) on the 3rd day. An examination of the religious rituals of the caregivers during the mourning period revealed that 97.6% prayed on the first day, 59.6% recited prayers for the lost one on the first 'Eid after a death, and 83.3% read the Qur'an on the anniversary of the death. The study revealed that the majority of caregivers carried out religious and cultural rituals.

An Epigenetic Alphabet of Crop Adaptation to Climate Change.

Crop adaptation to climate change is in a part attributed to epigenetic mechanisms which are related to response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Although recent studies increased our knowledge on the nature of these mechanisms, epigenetics remains under-investigated and still poorly understood in many, especially non-model, plants, Epigenetic modifications are traditionally divided into two main groups, DNA methylation and histone modifications that lead to chromatin remodeling and the regulation of genome functioning. In this review, we outline the most recent and interesting findings on crop epigenetic responses to the environmental cues that are most relevant to climate change. In addition, we discuss a speculative point of view, in which we try to decipher the "epigenetic alphabet" that underlies crop adaptation mechanisms to climate change. The understanding of these mechanisms will pave the way to new strategies to design and implement the next generation of cultivars with a broad range of tolerance/resistance to stresses as well as balanced agronomic traits, with a limited loss of (epi)genetic variability.

The Effect of Orthorexia Nervosa Levels of Nursing Students and Diet Behaviors and Socio-Demographic Characteristics.

This study was conducted to determine the Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) level in the nursing faculty students and the effective factors. This was a correlational, descriptive study. This study recruited N = 558 student nurses from one university. Questionnaire and the ON Scale were used to collect the data of the study. The descriptive characteristics of the nursing students were stated by the number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, linear and logistic regression analysis were used. This study, only the cut-off point of the Scale (≤33) was used. It was determined that having limited diet, weight satisfaction, gender, and health problems had an effect size of 0.14 on the tendency of the nursing students for the ON behaviors. The study highlights that middle levels of ON identified in the literature are seen in student nurses, and the factors affecting it were investigated.

Spatial variation, mapping, and classification of moss families in semi-arid landscapes in NW Turkey.

Geostatistics and remote sensing techniques are frequently used in analyzing the spatial variability of terrestrial ecosystems. We analyzed spatial variation of moss families by geostatistics and Landsat imagery in a typical semi-arid landscape in North Central Anatolia, Turkey. We sampled 49 sites, chosen based on elevation, slope steepness, and slope aspect. Moss families were determined in a 10-m(2) representative area at each sampling site. The samples were transported to a laboratory and identified for moss families. In total, 10 families were found. Semivariogram analysis was performed to analyze the spatial structure of these families. The semivariogram analysis showed that the moss families were spatially dependent within 117 m in the study area. Thirteen thematic classes were categorized by Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) image in the study area. The classification resulted in an overall kappa statistic of 0.8535, producer accuracy of 74.29, and user accuracy of 86.67. The family with the lowest classification accuracy was Orthotrichaceae (kappa of 0.6379, producer accuracy of 64.52, and user accuracy of 66.67). The moss families and the other classes were identified with a 0.78 kappa statistic value and an 80.74 % accuracy level by using the Landsat TM. The classification showed that Brachytheciaceae, Pottiaceae, Bryaceae, and Grimmiaceae were the most abundant moss families in this semi-arid environment.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical function Short-form (HOOS-PS).

The purpose of this study is to adapt the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical function Short-form (HOOS-PS) to Turkish language and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version in patients with primary hip osteoarthritis. After the translation from the source language (English) to the target language (Turkish), synthesis, back translation, revision, and pretest stages were done. Next, 50 patients with primary hip osteoarthritis were asked to fill out the Turkish version of the HOOS-PS two times with one week interval. Internal consistency was tested using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and test-retest reliability was assessed by calculating the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was investigated by comparing the results of the HOOS-PS and WOMAC, Lequesne questionnaries using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Internal consistency was good with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.778 (>0.7) and ICC was 0.911 (>0.7). Both scores verify that the Turkish HOOS-PS is a reliable tool. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between the HOOS-PS and overall WOMAC (r = 0.653), WOMAC physical functions (r = 0.626), WOMAC pain (r = 0.629) subscales, overall Lequesne (r = 0.650), and Lequesne daily living activities (r = 0.620) subscales were high (r > 0.6), and moderate correlations were found between the HOOS-PS and WOMAC stiffness (r = 0.511), Lequesne pain (r = 0.569), and Lequesne-walking distance (r = 0.578) subscales (0.6 > r > 0.2), thus providing proof for the validity of the Turkish form. The Turkish HOOS-PS was found to be reliable and valid for patients with primary hip osteoarthritis.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score-physical function short-form (KOOS-PS).

BACKGROUND: The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score-Physical function Short-form (KOOS-PS) is a disease-specific questionnaire that can be used to evaluate physical function in patients with knee problems and it has not been adapted to Turkish language. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to adapt the KOOS-PS to the Turkish language and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the KOOS-PS in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: The translation from the source language to the target language, synthesis, back-translation, revision and pre-test stages were performed. A total of eighty patients participated in the study. Internal consistency was tested by Cronbach's alpha, test-retest reliability was tested by the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was investigated with Spearmann's rank correlation coefficient and correlations of the KOOS-PS with the WOMAC and Lequesne osteoarthritis indexes and with the duration of complaints, radiological grade and range of flexion were assessed for this purpose. RESULTS: Internal consistency was good, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.904 and an ICC value of 0.839 certifying that the Turkish KOOS-PS is a reliable tool. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between the KOOS-PS and the overall WOMAC (r=0.764), WOMAC-physical function (r=0.754), WOMAC-pain (r=0.706), overall Lequesne (r=0.775), Lequesne-daily living activities (r=0.737) and Lequesne-pain (r=0.716) were high. Moderate correlations were found between the WOMAC-stiffness, Lequesne-walking distance and KOOS-PS (r=0.599 and 0.528, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish KOOS-PS was found to be reliable and valid for patients with primary knee osteoarthritis.

A study of 60- to 89-mo.-old children's skill at writing numerals.

The skill of writing numerals necessitates a certain developmental maturity. Studying the age at which children start to develop this skill and assessing problems they encounter while writing numerals should give direction to their training. From 8 schools a total of 267 children, ages 60 to 89 mo., were asked to write the numerals 1 to 9. Analysis showed that 80% of the children wrote most of the numerals correctly, 15% wrote inverted numerals, 2.0% wrote some numerals as letters, and 4% did not write certain numerals at all. In addition, 64% of children ages 60 to 65 mo. gave correct responses, and the perception of correct responses increased across age groups until 95% were correct in the group who were 84 to 89 mo. There was no significant difference between girls and boys in these writing skills.