Feasibility of Forward Osmosis to Recover Textile Dyes Using Single Salts and Multicomponent Draw Solutions.

The textile industry generates large volumes of water characterized mainly by an intense color coming from dyes that are difficult to process due to their synthetic base and the presence of aromatic components. Due to the stricter regulation on the discharge of these effluents, in order to reduce dye waste before discharge into natural channels, alternatives are being sought to manage this wastewater. In this work, the concentration of dyes in simulated wastewater from the textile industry was studied by forward osmosis (with a cellulose triacetate CTA membrane), with the aim of concentrating the dye for its future recovery and reincorporation into the production process. Two dyes of different nature were evaluated to study the efficiency of the proposed process, using NaCl and reverse osmosis brine from a model seawater desalination solution as extraction solutions. It was observed that dye type (reactive or direct) and their charge influence the color rejection with the forward osmosis membrane used. It was able to concentrate the dyes in the feed solution up to approximately 55% with the reverse osmosis brine from the model seawater desalination solution. Finally, the results demonstrate that the FO process is a promising option for concentrating dyes present in wastewater from the textile industry in order to reuse them in the dyeing process.

[Experience with Denosumab in central giant-cell granuloma]. / Experiencia con Denosumab en granuloma central de células gigantes.

INTRODUCTION: Central Giant Cell Granuloma is an infrequent bone lesion located mainly in the maxillary bone. The main treatment is surgery with wide margins, so it sometimes causes great morbidity and esthetic al terations. Denosumab, a RANK-ligand inhibitor monoclonal antibody, has been presented as a valid therapeutic alternative in the treatment of these lesions. OBJECTIVE: to describe the clinical and radio logical response after treatment with Denosumab in a patient with unresected giant cell granuloma. CLINICAL CASE: 12-year-old boy who consulted due to a 24-hour maxillary swelling, without other associated symptoms. Examination revealed a tumor in the upper left maxilla with bulging of the ip- silateral gingiva. A CT scan was performed which showed a large expansive intraosseous lesion in the maxillary alveolar ridge. The biopsy of the lesion was compatible with Central Giant Cell Granuloma. Due to the size and location of the lesion, initial treatment with Denosumab, a human monoclonal antibody with action on RANK-ligand, was indicated. After 10 months of treatment, the patient showed a favorable clinical and radiological response, with a size decrease of the lesion and metabolic activity. As an adverse effect, the boy presented mild hypocalcemia, resolved after supplementation with calcium. CONCLUSION: the use of Denosumab as the first line of treatment in Giant Cell Granu loma may be an adequate therapeutic option in adolescents with lesions that are difficult to resect.

Hepatosplenic Cat Scratch Disease and Prolonged Fever: When To Add Corticosteroids?

The indications for use of corticosteroids for persistent fever in cat scratch disease are controversial. We report the case of a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with systemic cat scratch disease, who presented with fever for 28 days and focal hepatosplenic lesions. He did not show improvement despite antibiotic treatment for 4 weeks, however, he became afebrile 24 hours after the administration of corticosteroids.

Anomalous right coronary artery origin with interarterial pathway-importance of morphological origin assessment and the role of percutaneous interventionism.

Anomalies in coronary arteries (CA) are an important issue in cardiology and cardiovascular surgery. Specifically the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery (RCA) is of special importance because it is the most frequent anomaly. Clinical practice guidelines recommend the revascularization treatment in cases of interarterial pathway and documented myocardial ischemia and when hypoplasia, compression or obstruction is evident. We report two different cases of patients with anomalous origin of RCA and associated interarterial pathway. With them we want to highlight the different presentation forms of these patients and the different diagnostic alternatives available in each of the steps. In the patient with anomalous origin of the RCA and associated interarterial pathway, the first step after establishing the diagnosis is to rule out the presence of inducible ischemia. In those patients in whom ischemia induction tests are negative, the second step is to adequately assess the interarterial pathway, in order to rule out obstructions or compressions that also justify revascularization. In those cases in which all the tests are negative, the current evidence does not recommend revascularization, but adequate periodic follow-up is recommended. For this reason, we believe that the stress echocardiogram and exercise perfusion scintigraphy (based on availability and experience in each center) are fundamental because of their high sensitivity and specificity. We would also like to highlight the role that percutaneous interventionism can play in this type of clinical cases. Especially with patients of high surgical risk and in whom the percutaneous approach is feasible.