Online physically active academic lessons in COVID-19 times: A pilot study.

Schools play an important role in promoting physical activity among students. This paper studies the perception of educators, students, and parents about the use of online physically active academic lessons during COVID-19 in the north of Chile. Starting the first week of November 2020, and for a period of five weeks, 323 students, alongside 11 educators, practiced a geometry-based dance routine online. The qualitative analysis results reveal a positive perception of the experience and an increase in physical activity without reducing the amount of time spent on academic activities. There were also improvements in learning, social relationships, and enjoyment.

Self-Reported Sexual Victimization Among Chilean Children and Youth.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sexual victimization among a representative sample of children and youth from Chile and to analyze the sex and age differences. The First National Survey of Poly-victimization collected cross-sectional data via a self-report survey of 19,648 children and youth (aged 12-18 years). Lifetime victimization was reported by 31.9% of children and youth (23.9% of males and 39.7% of females) and 21.9% reported victimization in the past year (16.8% of males and 26.9% of females). Girls presented higher percentages of lifetime sexual victimization with and without physical contact in practically all of the items. However, boys had a higher prevalence in statutory rape. Younger participants reported a prevalence of sexual victimization of 23.1%, while older participants reported a prevalence of 40.0%. Youth between the ages of 15 and 18 years had a higher prevalence of lifetime sexual victimization in practically all its forms, except for verbal sexual harassment. The results show that Chilean children and youth are exposed to sexual victimization in an extensive way, which demands an immediate response by public policy.

EL Método de James Spradley en la investigación cualitativa / O Método da James Spradley na investiga ção / The Method of James Spradley in qualitative research

Resumen: En el presente artículo se expone el Método de la Secuencia de la Investigación desarrollado por James Spradley. Este procedimiento figura entre uno de los enfoques globales más importantes en los estudios cualitativos. La estrategia de Spradley fue diseñada de forma didáctica para orientar los trabajos de investigadores noveles cuya principal técnica de recopilación de información es la entrevista etnográfica. El trabajo de campo convierte al observador en un instrumento de investigación. En este sentido, es necesario contar con recomendaciones procedimentales para el adecuado estudio de las personas en sus escenarios vitales: lugares de trabajo, barrios, hospitales, escuelas, entre muchos espacios donde los individuos desarrollan su cotidianidad. Las orientaciones básicas para la observación y tratamiento de la información se exponen a través de una serie de etapas. La información procede del estudio de fenómenos vinculados a diversas ramas de las ciencias sociales y de la salud que estudian a las personas en sus contextos de vida. Los pasos de este método van creando esquemas conceptuales que orientan la forma de realizar el análisis de la información, obtenida del corpus de las entrevistas. El investigador recibe sugerencias que lo sitúan constantemente entre el análisis de los datos y la recopilación de información en el trabajo de campo. La utilización de este tipo de estrategia repetitiva permite adecuar la observación fundamentada en las preguntas y objetivos del estudio que se realiza, y resulta de gran ayuda para la obtención de datos que guíen la investigación hacia resultados atinentes en el proceso de conocer, describir y obtener recomendaciones para la intervención en los contextos estudiados.

Abstract: This paper shows the Developmental Research Sequence Method (DRS Method) developed by James Spradley. This procedure is among one of the most important global approaches in qualitative research. The strategy of Spradley was designed in a didactic way to guide the work of junior researchers whose main technique for the collection of data is the ethnographic interview. The fieldwork turns the observer into a research tool. Thus, there are necessary procedural recommendations for the proper study of the people in their life settings such as workplaces, neighborhoods, hospitals and schools, among others, spaces where individuals develop their daily lives. The basic orientations for the observation and the processing of the information are shown in a sequence of steps. The data comes from the study of phenomena, related to various branches of the social and health sciences, where people are studied in their life context The steps in this method create frameworks that guide the way to perform the analysis of the information. Hence, the researcher receives suggestions that place him constantly between the analysis of data and the collection of information in the field work. The use of this type of recursive technique allows him to adapt the observation, based on the questions and objectives of the study that has been carried out. It is of great help for obtaining data to guide the research towards connected results in the process of knowing, describing and getting recommendations to intervene in the contexts studied.

Resumo: Este artigo expõe o Método da Sequência da Investigação desenvolvido por James Spradley. Este procedimento figura entre um dos enfoques globais más importantes nos estudos qualitativos. A estratégia de Spradley foi desenhada de forma didática para orientar os trabalhos de investigadores noveis que usam a entrevista etnográfica como principal técnica de recopilação de informação. O trabalho de campo torna o observador em um instrumento de investigação. Neste sentido, é necessário contar com recomendações procedimentais para o estudo adequado das pessoas nos seus cenários vitais: lugares de trabalho, bairros, hospitais, escolas, além de muitos espaços onde os indivíduos se desenvolvem cotidianamente. As orientações básicas para a observação e o tratamento da informação são expostas através de uma série de etapas. A informação provém do estudo de fenômenos vinculados a diferentes áreas das ciências sociais e da saúde que estudam as pessoas nos seus contextos de vida. Os procedimentos deste método vão criando esquemas conceptuais que orientam a forma de realizar a análise da informação, obtida do corpus das entrevistas. O investigador recebe sugestões que o colocam constantemente entre a análise dos dados e a recopilação de informação no trabalho de campo. O uso deste tipo de estratégia repetitiva permite adequar a observação fundamentada nas perguntas e objetivos do estudo que se está realizando, e é de grande ajuda para a obtenção de dados que guiam a investigação a resultados pertinentes no processo de conhecer, descrever e obter recomendações para a intervenção nos contextos estudados