Dietary diversity practice and associated factors among adolescents in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence (10-19 years) is a critical life period for growth and health. An increase in dietary diversity in the food is related to improved nutrient adequacy of the diet. However, studies conducted on dietary diversity practice among adolescents showed non-conclusive and inconsistent findings on the magnitude of the problem. Likewise, there was no meta-analysis conducted in the study area. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practice and its associated factors among adolescents in Ethiopia. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline was followed. All articles were systematically searched by Google Scholar, PubMed, Hinari, Cochrane Library, Global Health and CINAHL. Meta-analysis was conducted by using STATA 14 software. Forest plots were used to present the pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practices. A random effect model was used to compute the pooled prevalence; while subgroup analysis was performed to identify the possible source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed by the begg's and egger's test. Moreover, the associated factor of dietary diversity practices was observed. RESULTS: This review involved 7 studies, and 3,950 participants. The pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practice among adolescents in Ethiopia was 39.24% (95% CI: 30.82, 47.66). Mothers with formal education [AOR = 1.98, (95% CI: 1.65, 2.36)], fathers with formal education [AOR = 2.30, (95% CI: 1.81, 2.93)], Medium wealth index [AOR = 2.75, (95% CI: 1.96, 3.86)] and urban residence [AOR = 2.88, (95% CI: 1.59, 5.22)] were positively associated with good dietary diversity practice. CONCLUSIONS: The pooled prevalence of good dietary diversity practices among adolescents is low. Being urban residents, the medium wealth quintile, mothers' educational status and fathers' educational status were independent factors of good dietary diversity practice among adolescents. Therefore, focused nutritional interventions should be given to rural residents and adolescents from low economic status.

Proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum and associated factors among pregnant women admitted into the obstetrics ward at Akesta general hospital, North East Ethiopia.

INTRODUCTION: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a condition of intractable vomiting during pregnancy that leads to fluid and electrolyte imbalance, nutrition deficiency and weight loss often requiring hospital admission. Approximately 0.3%-10.8% of pregnant women experience nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy. It has been associated with both maternal and fetal morbidity. There is limited evidence about the proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum and associated factors in the study area. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum and associated factors among pregnant women admitted into the obstetric ward at Akesta General Hospital, South Wollo Zone, Ethiopia. METHODS: This is hospital-based cross-sectional study of 355 pregnant mothers in Akesta general hospital in northeast Ethiopia from September 1/2018- to August 30 /2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the patient card from the whole admission of pregnant women cards during the study period. The diagnosis of hyperemesis gravidarum include persistent vomiting not related to other causes, an objective measure of acute starvation, electrolyte abnormalities and acid-base disturbances, as well as weight loss. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was reported to show the strength of the association. Statistical significance was stated at P-value < 0.05. RESULTS: The proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum was 11.3%. Women with previous history of hyperemesis gravidarum AOR (95%CI) = 10.9[2.46, 48.44], previous history of urinary tract infection AOR (95%CI) = 4.32[1.58, 11.86], previous history of gastrointestinal disease AOR (95% CI) = 4.12[1.40, 12.65], history of abortion AOR (95% CI) = 6.23[2.24, 17.52] were factors significantly associated with hyperemesis gravidarum. CONCLUSION: In this study, the overall hospital proportion of hyperemesis gravidarum was high. History of gastrointestinal disease, previous history of urinary tract infection, history of hyperemesis gravidarum, and history of abortion were the major risk factors.