Gene cloning, expression, and enzyme kinetics analysis of Eimeria tenella 2- methylcitrate synthase.

In prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes, 2-methylcitrate cycle (2-MCC) is the main pathway for propionate decomposition and transformation, but little is known about the 2-MCC pathway of Eimeria tenella. The analysis of genomic data found that the coding gene of 2- methylcitrate synthase (EC 2.3.3.5, PrpC) exists in E. tenella, which is a key enzyme of 2-MCC pathway. Through the search analysis of the database (ToxoDB), it was found that ETH_ 00026655 contains the complete putative sequence of EtprpC. In this study, we amplified the ORF sequence of EtprpC based on putative sequence. Then, prokaryotic expression, enzyme activity and kinetic analysis was performed. The results showed that the EtprpC ORF sequence was 1272 bp, encoding a 46.3 kDa protein comprising 424 amino acids. Enzyme activity assays demonstrate linearity between the initial reaction rate (OD/min) and EtPrpC concentration (ranging from 1.5 to 9 µg/reaction), with optimal enzyme activity observed at 41°C and pH 8.0. The results of enzymatic kinetic analysis showed that the Km of EtPrpC for propionyl-CoA, oxaloacetic acid, and acetyl-CoA was 5.239 ± 0.17 mM, 1.102 ± 0.08 µM, and 5.999 ± 1.24 µM, respectively. The Vmax was 191.11 ± 19.1 nmol/min/mg, 225.48 ± 14.4 nmol/min/mg, and 370.02 ± 25.8 nmol/min/mg when EtPrpC concentration at 4, 6, and 8 µg, respectively. Although the ability of EtPrpC to catalyze acetyl-CoA is only 0.11% of its ability to catalyze propionyl-CoA, it indicates that the 2-MCC pathway in E. tenella is similar to that in bacteria and may have a bypass function in the TCA cycle. This study can provide the theoretical foundation for the new drug targets and the development of new anticoccidial drugs.

Biological characteristics of a precocious line of Eimeria tenella.

The Eimeria tenella Yulin strain (EtYL), which is sensitive to most anti-coccidial drugs, was isolated in the Yulin area of Guangxi, China. Then, Eimeria tenella Yulin precocious line (pEtYL), a precocious line with a prepatent period of 108 h, was obtained through early selection. The biological characteristics of pEtYL, including its morphology, purity, oocyst excretion curve, reproductive capacity, pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and preservation time, were comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the isolated precocious line of E. tenella exhibited high purity, relatively weak pathogenicity, and good immunogenicity and can be used as a live vaccine line for chicken coccidiosis.

Determining the drivers of global innovation under COVID-19: An FSQCA approach.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, national innovation faced the challenges of high-risk research and development and intensified trade competition. How to allocate resources reasonably to promote national innovation has become a problem that must be solved. Based on the global innovation index (GII) framework, this study analyzes the influence of national innovation input elements (such as human capital resources, infrastructure, business maturity, etc.) on innovation output from the perspective of configuration, combining with the necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy set/qualitative comparative analysis (FSQCA). The research results show that:(1) A single innovation input constitutes the necessary condition and serves as a bottleneck for high innovation output;(2) ITT, HCR, IFT, MS and BS are all "multiple concurrent" and form different configurations, namely, two high-innovation and four nonhigh innovation configurations, that drive national innovation governance is characterized by "different roads leading to the same goals." (3) As innovation is limited by the income levels of various countries, there are obvious differences in innovation drive paths between high- and low-income countries. Moreover, the configuration of asymmetric relationships with low-innovation output that occurs in high-income countries has unique characteristics. In this study, the influence of the coupling of national innovation input elements on innovation output is explored.

CRISPR-Cas9-based method for isolating microgametes of Eimeria tenella.

Eimeria tenella infections are known to cause severe caecal damage and death of the infected chicken. Gamogony is an essential stage in E. tenella life cycle and in the establishment of coccidiosis. Prior research had extensively explored isolation and separation of the parasite gametes - microgamete (male) and macrogamete (female). However, there is little information on the efficient, highly purified and distinctly separated male and female gametes. In this study, we generated a genome editing line expressing mCherry fluorescent protein fused with GCS1 protein in E. tenella by using Toxoplasma gondii CRISPR-Cas9 system, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. This allowed precise separation of E. tenella male and female gametes in the transgenic parasite population. The separation of male and female gametes would not only build on our understanding of E. tenella transmission, but it would also facilitate development of gametocidal compounds as drug targets for E. tenella infection.

Comparative proteomic analysis across the developmental stages of the Eimeria tenella.

Eimeria tenella is the main pathogen responsible for coccidiosis in chickens. The life cycle of E. tenella is, arguably, the least complex of all Coccidia, with only one host. However, it presents different developmental stages, either in the environment or in the host and either intracellular or extracellular. Its signaling and metabolic pathways change with its different developmental stages. Until now, little is known about the developmental regulation and transformation mechanisms of its life cycle. In this study, protein profiles from the five developmental stages, including unsporulated oocysts (USO), partially sporulated (7 h) oocysts (SO7h), sporulated oocysts (SO), sporozoites (S) and second-generation merozoites (M2), were harvested using the label-free quantitative proteomics approach. Then the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) for these stages were identified. A total of 314, 432, 689, and 665 DEPs were identified from the comparison of SO7h vs USO, SO vs SO7h, S vs SO, and M2 vs S, respectively. By conducting weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), six modules were dissected. Proteins in blue and brown modules were calculated to be significantly positively correlated with the E. tenella developmental stages of sporozoites (S) and second-generation merozoites (M2), respectively. In addition, hub proteins with high intra-module degree were identified. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed that hub proteins in blue modules were involved in electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation. Hub proteins in the brown module were involved in RNA splicing. These findings provide new clues and ideas to enhance our fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying parasite development.

Analysis of histopathology and changes of major cytokines in the lesions caused by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae infection.

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) is one of the main pathogens of sheep pneumonia, causing a series of clinical symptoms, such as depression, anorexia, hyperthermia, cough, dyspnea, and tract secretions. In recent years, the prevalence of M. ovipneumoniae pneumonia has become increasingly serious in sheep farms in Ningxia, China, leading to the death of sheep, and causing significant economic losses. In this study, the pathological organs infected by M. ovipneumoniae were collected to observe histopathological change, to determine the tissue localization of M. ovipneumoniae, and to analyze the cytokine changes, which lays a basis for the diagnosis and pathogenesis of M. ovipneumoniae disease. RESULTS: In this study, M. ovipneumoniae was detected in 97 of 105 samples collected from 13 large-scale sheep farms for nucleic acid by PCR. One representative isolate per farm was isolated from 13 farms. The lesions caused by M. ovipneumoniae were mainly in the trachea, bronchus, and lung, including necrosis of tracheal mucosal epithelial cells, disintegration of some epithelial cells, edema of mucosal lamina propria, with inflammatory cell infiltration, cytoplasmic vacuolization of epithelial cells of bronchial mucosa, massive infiltration of inflammatory cells in the alveolar space of lung, necrosis and hyperplasia of alveolar epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the proportion of M. ovipneumoniae positive area in the lung was the largest, followed by that in the bronchus and trachea. Compared to healthy animals, diseased animals exhibited up-regulated gene expression levels of IL-1ß, IL-6, and NF-κB in the trachea, bronchus, and lungs. In contrast, the expression of IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ was primarily limited to the trachea and bronchus. The expression of IL-1ß showed differential patterns across different lung regions, with variations observed among lung lobes. Additionally, other cytokines consistently showed significant up-regulation specifically in the bronchus. CONCLUSIONS: M. ovipneumoniae is primarily found in the lungs of infected individuals. NF-κB, an essential transcription factor, is involved in the regulation of IL-1ß transcription. IL-12 may enhance the cytotoxic function of natural killer cells during M. ovipneumoniae infection. Those findings demonstrate the distinct expression profiles of cytokines in various anatomical sites throughout disease progression, suggesting the potential role of bronchial tissue as a major site of immune response.

Label-free quantitative detection and comparative analysis of lysine acetylation during the different life stages of Eimeria tenella.

Proteome-wide lysine acetylation has been documented in apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum. Here, we conducted the first lysine acetylome in unsporulated oocysts (USO), sporulated 7 h oocysts (SO 7h), sporulated oocysts (SO), sporozoites (S), and the second generation merozoites (SMG) of Eimeria tenella through a 4D label-free quantitative technique. Altogether, 8532 lysine acetylation sites on 2325 proteins were identified in E. tenella, among which 5445 sites on 1493 proteins were quantified. In addition, 557, 339, 478, 248, 241, and 424 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the comparisons SO7h vs USO, SO vs SO7h, SO vs USO, S vs SO, SMG vs S, and USO vs SMG, respectively. The bioinformatics analysis of the acetylome showed that the lysine acetylation is widespread on proteins of diverse functions. Moreover, the dynamic changes of lysine acetylome among E. tenella different life stages revealed significant regulation during the whole process of E. tenella growth and stage conversion. This study provides a beginning for the investigation of the regulate role of lysine acetylation in E. tenella and may provide new strategies for anticoccidiosis drug and vaccine development. Raw data are publicly available at iProX with the data set identifier PXD040368.

A recombinant capripoxvirus expressing the F protein of peste des petits ruminants virus and the P12A3C of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

BACKGROUND: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and sheep pox and goat pox are three important infectious diseases that infect goats, sheep and other small ruminants. It is well-known that the prevention of three diseases rely mainly on their individual vaccines. However, the vaccines have a variety of different disadvantages, such as short duration of immunity, increasing the number of vaccinations, and poor thermal stability. The purpose of this study is to construct a recombinant goat pox virus (rGPV) capable of expressing the F gene of PPRV and the P12A3C gene of FMDV as a live vector vaccine. RESULTS: The IRES, FMDV P12A3C and PPRV F genes into the multi-cloning site of the universal transfer plasmid pTKfpgigp to construct a recombinant transfer plasmid pTKfpgigpFiP12A3C, and transfected GPV-infected lamb testis (LT) cells with liposomes and produced by homologous recombination Recombinant GPV (rGPV/PPRVF-FMDVP12A3C, rGPV). The rGPV was screened and purified by green florescence protein (GFP) and xanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase gene (gpt) of Escherichia coli as selective markers, and the expression of rGPV in LT cells was detected by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence techniques. The results showed that the virus strain rGPV/PPRVF-FMDVP12A3C containing FMDV P12A3C and PPRV F genes was obtained. The exogenous genes FMDV P12A3C and PPRV F contained in rGPV were normally transcribed and translated in LT cells, and the expression products could specifically react with PPRV and FMDV antiserum. Then, the rGPV was intradermally inoculated with goats, the animal experiments showed that rGPV/PPRVF-FMDVP12A3C could induce high levels of specific antibodies against GPV, PPRV and FMDV. CONCLUSIONS: The constructed rGPV induced high levels of specific antibodies against GPV, PPRV and FMDV. The study provides a reference for " one vaccine with multiple uses " of GPV live vector vaccine.

Study on the Relationship between Nurses' Mentoring Relationship and Organizational Commitment.

The mentoring relationship affects the growth and development of new employees. For nurses, the uncertainty of the influence of the mentoring relationship may be magnified by the unique nature of hospitals as public departments, however it is unclear whether and how nurses' mentoring relationship influence the outcome. Protean career orientation defined as a tendency of individuals to achieve subjective career success through self-management of their career is crucial to the influence mechanism of the mentoring relationship. The aim of this study was to explore the path and boundary conditions of the influence of the nurses' mentoring relationship on organizational commitment. As a cross-sectional sample, 371 nurses were investigated. The results showed that protégé career optimism plays an intermediary role in the influence of the mentoring relationship on organizational commitment, and protean career orientation plays a moderating role in the influence of the mentoring relationship on career optimism. The mentor relationship between mentors and protégés facilitates protégés' career optimism, enhancing the protégés' organizational commitment, especially for protégés with low protean career orientation. These findings contribute to the improving nurses' organizational commitment through mentoring relationship. Hospitals should provide space for nurses to exert their abilities, enhance opportunities to improve their team cooperation ability, clearly define the scope of nurses' work and rights, and give nurses the right to make decisions.

Relationship between nursing mentorship and transformational leadership of mentor: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: The purpose of this research was to explore nurses' mentorship, mentors' basic psychological needs satisfaction and transformational leadership. Moreover, this study evaluated the moderating role of a protégé's mindfulness. BACKGROUND: Previous research had only focused on the benefits that protégés reaped from the mentoring relationship, neglected the mentor's benefits. METHOD: We conducted an analysis of a cross-sectional sample comprising 366 frontline nurses in China. Descriptive, correlation and regression analyses were conducted using SPSS 22.0. Mediating, moderating and conditional process analyses were conducted using Process Macro 3.3. RESULTS: Mentorship is associated with mentors' transformational leadership through the satisfaction of their basic psychological needs (ß = .13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [0.05, 0.23]). The indirect association of mentorship and transformational leadership is stronger for protégés with low mindfulness levels (ß = -.05, 95% CI: [-0.08, -0.02]). CONCLUSION: The establishment of healthy associations between mentors and protégés facilitates the fulfilment of the mentors' basic psychological needs, enhancing the former's transformational leadership, especially for protégés with low mindfulness levels. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Mentors should provide more meaningful knowledge about the organisation and protégés' career path, obtain information to help tailor the advice and put more energy into building trust-based relationships with protégés.

Phosphoproteomic Comparison of Four Eimeria tenella Life Cycle Stages.

Protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) involved in diverse cellular functions. It is the most prevalent PTM in both Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum, but its status in Eimeria tenella has not been reported. Herein, we performed a comprehensive, quantitative phosphoproteomic profile analysis of four stages of the E. tenella life cycle: unsporulated oocysts (USO), partially sporulated (7 h) oocysts (SO7h), sporulated oocysts (SO), and sporozoites (S). A total of 15,247 phosphorylation sites on 9514 phosphopeptides corresponding to 2897 phosphoproteins were identified across the four stages. In addition, 456, 479, and 198 differentially expressed phosphoproteins (DEPPs) were identified in the comparisons SO7h vs. USO, SO vs. SO7h, and S vs. SO, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEPPs suggested that they were involved in diverse functions. For SO7h vs. USO, DEPPs were mainly involved in cell division, actin cytoskeleton organization, positive regulation of transport, and pyruvate metabolism. For SO vs. SO7h, they were related to the peptide metabolic process, translation, and RNA transport. DEPPs in the S vs. SO comparison were associated with the tricarboxylic acid metabolic process, positive regulation of ATPase activity, and calcium ion binding. Time course sequencing data analysis (TCseq) identified six clusters with similar expression change characteristics related to carbohydrate metabolism, cytoskeleton organization, and calcium ion transport, demonstrating different regulatory profiles across the life cycle of E. tenella. The results revealed significant changes in the abundance of phosphoproteins during E. tenella development. The findings shed light on the key roles of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the E. tenella life cycle.

Clostridium butyricum Supplement Can Ameliorate the Intestinal Barrier Roles in Broiler Chickens Experimentally Infected With Clostridium perfringens.

Necrotic enteritis (NE), caused by Clostridium perfringens, is an economically important disease in the broiler. Among normal flora in the broiler intestinal region, Clostridium butyricum has been identified as a probiotic agent that reduces the susceptibility of broilers to C. perfringens. However, the effects of C. butyricum supplement on broiler intestinal integrity during NE are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of C. butyricum on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and barrier function, and the functions of immune-related cytokines under NE in broilers. Chickens were divided into five groups: control group (NC), supplement C. butyricum only group (CB), NE-infected group (PC), supplement C. butyricum from Day 14 (NECB1) to Day 22 NE-infected group, and supplement C. butyricum from Day 1 (NECB2) to Day 22 NE-infected group. The results showed that there were significantly decreased average daily weight gain and increased feed conversion rate in the infected group (PC) compared with the C. butyricum-supplemented groups (NECB1 and NECB2) through the diet. Histopathological observation on the Hematoxylin-Eosin staining avian small intestine sections revealed that supplementation of C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) could increase the intestinal villus height/crypt depth and lessen the intestinal damage under NE. ELISA and Limulus test showed that broilers infected with NE (PC) had higher serum IgA and lipopolysaccharide content; however, after C. butyricum supplementation (NECB1 and NECB2), they returned to a normal level. Furthermore, real-time PCR and Western blot results indicated that compared with PC, supplementing C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) could initialize the expressions of genes related to the intestinal barrier-associated molecules (such as CLDN-1, CLDN-3, OCLN, MUC2, ZO-1, and CLDN5), cytokines (such as IL-10, IL-6, and TGFB1), and C. perfringens plc gene expression. Moreover, the results detected by the Ussing chamber suggested that C. butyricum (NECB1 and NECB2) could amend the decrease in conductivity value and short-circuit current value caused by NE. In addition, NECB2 significantly reduced the upregulation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran flux caused by the NE disease. In conclusion, these findings suggest that dietary supplementation of C. butyricum in broilers with NE improved chicken growth performance, intestinal integrity and barrier function, and immunological status. Notably, no statistical difference was observed with the addition of C. butyricum on day 1 or day 14.

The relationship between ethical climate and nursing service behavior in public and private hospitals: a cross-sectional study in China.

BACKGROUND: Workplace climate is a great significant element that has an impact on nurses' behavior and practice; moreover, nurses' service behavior contributes to the patients' satisfaction and subsequently to the long-term success of hospitals. Few studies explore how different types of organizational ethical climate encourage nurses to engage in both in-role and extra-role service behaviors, especially in comparing the influencing process between public and private hospitals. This study aimed to compare the relationship between the five types of ethical climate and nurses' in-role and extra-role service behaviors in public and private hospitals. METHODS: This study conducted a cross-sectional survey on 559 nurses from China in May 2019. The questionnaire was distributed to nurses by sending a web link via the mobile phone application WeChat through snowball sampling methods. All participants were investigated using the Ethical Climate Scale and Service Behavior Questionnaire. SPSS 22.0 was used for correlation analysis, t-test, and analysis of variance test, and Mplus 7.4 was used for group comparison (p < .05). RESULTS: The law and code climate has a much greater influence on nurses' in-role service behavior in private hospitals than on that in public hospitals (ß = - 0.277; CI 95 % = [-0.452, - 0.075]; p < .01), and the instrumental climate has a stronger influence on nurses' extra-role service behavior private hospitals than on that in public hospitals (ß = - 0.352; CI 95 % = [-0.651, - 0.056]; p < .05). Meanwhile, the rules climate has a greater effect on nurses' extra-role service behavior in public hospitals than it does in private hospitals (ß = 0.397; CI 95 % = [0.120, 0.651]; p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: As the relationship between the five types of ethical climate and nurses' in-role and extra-role service behaviors in public and private hospitals were different, the strategies used to foster and enhance the types of ethical climate are various from public to private hospitals. The caring and instrumental climate are the key to promote extra-role service behavior for nurses in private hospitals. And the independent climate has a great effect on extra-role service behaviors for nurses in public hospitals.

Effect of Ethical Leadership on Moral Sensitivity in Chinese Nurses: A Multilevel Structural Equation Model.

To explore the relationship between ethical leadership (a contextual factor at the higher organizational level) and nurses' moral sensitivity (the individual outcome at a lower level), a cross-sectional quantitative study design was used. Participants were 525 nurses at 65 various departments in public tertiary hospitals. These results showed that ethical climate played a mediating role in the relationship between ethical leadership and nurses' moral sensitivity. Moreover, nurses' employment type moderated the mediating effect of ethical leadership on their moral sensitivity. Additionally, the link between ethical climate and moral sensitivity of contract nurses was stronger than that of nurses employed by the state.

Structural and Evolutionary Adaptation of NOD-Like Receptors in Birds.

NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular sensors of the innate immune system that recognize intracellular pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Little information exists regarding the incidence of positive selection in the evolution of NLRs of birds or the structural differences between bird and mammal NLRs. Evidence of positive selection was identified in four avian NLRs (NOD1, NLRC3, NLRC5, and NLRP3) using the maximum likelihood approach. These NLRs are under different selection pressures which is indicative of different evolution patterns. Analysis of these NLRs showed a lower percentage of codons under positive selection in the LRR domain than seen in the studies of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), suggesting that the LRR domain evolves differently between NLRs and TLRs. Modeling of human, chicken, mammalian, and avian ancestral NLRs revealed the existence of variable evolution patterns in protein structure that may be adaptively driven.

Sporulation rate and viability of Eimeria tenella oocysts stored in potassium sorbate solution.

In order to find a new preservation solution for avian coccidial oocysts that can replace potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) solution, Eimeria tenella oocysts were preserved in 0.1 to 10% potassium sorbate (C6H7KO2) solution in this study. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the sporulation rate of E. tenella oocysts preserved in 0.1 to 10% C6H7KO2 solution and in 2.5% K2Cr2O7 solution (p > 0.05). The 0.5 to 10% C6H7KO2 solution could also effectively inhibit the growth of bacterial microorganisms. E. tenella oocysts preserved in 1% C6H7KO2 solution at 4 °C for 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, with the oocyst production of E. tenella oocysts being 1.3-, 1.2-, 1.6-, and 1.3-fold higher than that of oocysts stored in 2.5% K2Cr2O7 solution (p < 0.05). In conclusion, C6H7KO2 could replace K2Cr2O7 as the preservation solution of avian coccidial oocysts.

The Moderating Role of Ethical Leadership on Nurses' Green Behavior Intentions and Real Green Behavior.

AIM: This study is aimed at exploring the relationship between green behavior intentions and green behavior and analyzing the moderating role of ethical leadership in this relationship. BACKGROUND: Nurses' green behavior can directly reduce costs and protect the natural environment and organizational sustainability by saving resources and energy. It is not clear how green behavior intention affects green behavior or how the positive influence of green behavior intention on green behavior can be enhanced. Design and Methods. This is a cross-sectional study, and the surveys are collected from 3 hospitals in China. Of the initial cohort of 489 nurses, 89.6% were female. There were 327 subjects (66.9%) aged 35 or less, 267 subjects (54.6%) with 10 years or less of work experience, and 220 unmarried subjects (44.9%). Data were collected from January to July 2018, using three surveys: green behavior intentions, green behavior, and ethical leadership. RESULTS: Green behavior intentions impacted employee green behavior (b = 0.32, t = 5.37, p < 0.01). The interaction term for green behavior intentions and ethical leadership was significant (b = 0.28, t = 2.53, p ≤ 0.01); the conditional direct effect of green behavior intentions was only significant at a high level of ethical leadership (conditional effect = 0.53, SE = 0.16, t = 3.38, p < 0.01, 95% confidence interval of 0.22-0.84). CONCLUSION: The intention to engage in green behavior influences nurses' green behavior positively, and the relationship is stronger when ethical leadership is high in the organization than when ethical leadership is low. The results of this study can help both academics and practitioners to understand the micromechanism of environmentally sustainable development in more detail and to identify the mechanisms and boundary conditions of green behavioral intentions, green behavior, and ethical leadership.

Relationship between nurse's voice and self-leadership: A time-lagged study.

AIM: Less empirical attention has been paid to the positive relationship between voice behaviour and voice speaker development, such as self-leadership. The present study explores the relationship among nurses' voice, perceived insider status and self-leadership. METHOD: This study was based on time-lagged survey data collected from 608 frontline nurses. jamovi and PROCESS macro were used for analysis. RESULTS: Promotive voice and prohibitive voice were positively associated with self-leadership. Perceived inside status mediated the relationship between promotive voice/prohibitive voice and self-leadership. Prohibitive voice was more strongly related to self-leadership than promotive voice. CONCLUSIONS: When nurses dare to voice, nurses' self-leadership can be enhanced through perceived insider status improving, especially for nurses who dare to prohibitive voice. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers should protect the privacy of voice, continually provide feedback on voice and set up special encouragement for prohibitive voice.

Relationship between protégés' self-concordance and life purpose: The moderating role of mentor feedback environment.

Aim: To deepen our research on how to develop a more positive life purpose, this study investigates the role of protégés' self-concordance and mentor feedback environment in shaping protégés' life purpose. Method: This study was a cross-sectional study using a sample of nurses. 700 valid questionnaires were collected. Jamovi and Process Macro were used for analysis. Results: The positive association between self-concordance and protégés' life purpose is stronger when mentor feedback environment is high than when mentor feedback environment is low. Conclusion: Protégés' life purpose can be enhanced by self-concordance, especially for protégés who work in supportive mentor feedback environment. Implications for nursing management: It is important to build a supportive mentor feedback environment. Further, protégés should promote the transformation of extrinsic motivation to intrinsic motivation.