The Spectrum of Thyroid Dysfunction During Pregnancy and Fetomaternal Outcome, A Study from the Premier Institute of Western India.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction evaluation during pregnancy is important for the mother's health, obstetric outcomes, and the child's cognitive development. This study is conducted to know various thyroid disorders that can occur during antenatal and their impact on mother and fetus outcomes. Materials and Methods: This observational research was conducted over two years at a tertiary center in Western Rajasthan, India. Seven hundred and seventy-two low-risk singleton pregnant patients who met the inclusive criteria were recruited. The estimation of T3, T4, and TSH was done along with a routine investigation in antenatal women. Antenatal having abnormal thyroid profiles were then analyzed for mother and fetus problems. Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in antenatal women is 16.5%. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) was seen in 12.5% of cases, overt hypothyroidism in 3.36%, and subclinical hyperthyroidism in only 0.51% of cases. Anti-TPO was positive in 46 (41.44%) women with hypothyroidism and 1 (25%) with hyperthyroidism. Compared to euthyroid women, women with overt hypothyroid (19.23% vs 3.1%, P = 0.002) and subclinical hypothyroid (9.27% vs 3.1%, P = 0.003) were found to be associated with a higher risk of hypertensive disease. Concerning fetal outcomes. There was a high risk for preterm (12.37% v/s 4.9%, P = 0.004) and fetal growth retardation (FGR) in patients with SCH (7.21% v/s 3.1%, P = 0.04). Conclusion: Considering the significant influence of thyroid disorders on mother and fetus outcomes, the screening for thyroid during pregnancy should be considered universally, particularly in developing countries with high prevalent rates, such as India.

Tranexamic acid in preventing postpartum blood loss in vaginal delivery: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an obstetrical emergency that occurs in 1% to 10% of all deliveries and contributes to nearly one-quarter of all maternal deaths worldwide. Tranexamic acid has been established as an adjunct in the treatment of PPH but its role in its prevention of PPH following vaginal delivery has not been widely studied. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the effect of prophylactic tranexamic acid (1 g) along with active management of the third stage of labor in reducing postpartum blood loss and the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery. STUDY DESIGN: In this randomized controlled trial, 650 women with singleton pregnancies at ≥34 weeks of gestation who were undergoing vaginal delivery were included. Eligible women were randomly assigned to receive either 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo intravenously along with active management of the third stage of labor. Calibrated blood collection bags were used to measure postpartum blood loss during the third and fourth stages of labor. RESULTS: Of 886 women approached for the study, 650 who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, and 320 in group A and 321 in group B were analyzed. The maternal characteristics were similar between the groups. The mean blood loss did not differ significantly between the intervention and placebo groups (378.5±261.2 mL vs 383.0±258.9 mL; P=.93). The incidence of primary postpartum hemorrhage was comparable in both groups (15.9% in group A and 15.3% in group B; P=.814). The median quantitative decreases in hemoglobin levels within 12 to 24 hours after delivery were 0.60 g% (interquartile range, 0.40-0.90) in group A and 0.60 g% (interquartile range, 0.40-0.80) in group B, which were comparable in both groups (P=.95). The most common adverse effect reported was dizziness, and there was no thromboembolic event at 3 months follow-up in either group. CONCLUSION: The use of tranexamic acid as a prophylactic measure along with active management of the third stage of labor does not provide additional benefit in reducing the postpartum blood loss and incidence of postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery. El resumen está disponible en Español al final del artículo.

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyoma: a diagnostic dilemma.

Disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis (DPL) is a rare and benign clinical entity. It is also known as leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata (LPD). Here, we report and discuss a case of a primiparous woman in her early 40s who presented with heavy, prolonged, painful menses and heaviness in her lower abdomen. She underwent a laparoscopic myomectomy for a fibroid uterus, 12 months ago for similar complaints. On workup, she was diagnosed with DPL. We performed a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomy, low anterior resection with stapled colorectal anastomosis and excision of peritoneal tumour deposits in consortium with the gastrosurgery team. Her postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postop day 6. Her histopathology report was consistent with leiomyoma; the follow-up period was uneventful.

Spectrum of Heart Disease in Pregnancy and its Effects on the Fetomaternal Outcome: A Retrospective Study from Western Rajasthan.

Background: Heart disease is the important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during the antepartum and postpartum period. The prevalence of heart disease during pregnancy varies from 0.3 to 3.5% (2). We aimed to know the spectrum of heart disease in pregnancy and its impact on the maternal and fetal outcome. Methodology: The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the tertiary care referral Centre of Western Rajasthan, India. Data from November 2019 to October 2021 were collected from the labour room and obstetric ward records. Results:Forty-eight pregnant women were diagnosed with heart disease over a period of two years. The prevalence of heart disease in pregnancy was 1.3%. Rheumatic heart disease was the main cardiac lesion (85.42%), with mitral stenosis being the most commonly seen (31.25%). Previous cardiac surgery was found in 14.58% of patients. Half of women gave birth by spontaneous vaginal delivery (50%), 43.75% of subjects by cesarean section and 6.25% of participants underwent instrumental delivery. Admissions to intensive care unit (ICU) were noted in 16.67% of cases, and those to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in nine newborns (18.75%). There were only two maternal deaths and no baby born with congenital heart disease. Conclusion:Heart disease in pregnancy is a high-risk condition and significantly impacts the mother and fetal outcome. By proper antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal supervision under a multidisciplinary team, maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity can be reduced.

Absent or hypoplastic nasal bone: What to tell the prospective parents?

BACKGROUND: Absent or hypoplastic nasal bone (AHNB) on first or second-trimester ultrasonography (USG) is an important soft marker of Down syndrome. However, due to its varied incidence in euploid and aneuploid fetuses, there is always a dilemma of whether to go for invasive fetal testing for isolated AHNB. This study aims to assess outcomes specifically within the context of Indian ethnicity women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective observational study. All patients who reported with AHNB in the first- or second-trimester USG were included. Genetic counseling was done, and noninvasive and invasive testing was offered. Chromosomal anomalies were meticulously recorded, and pregnancy was monitored. RESULTS: The incidence of AHNB in our study was 1.16% (47/4051). Out of 47 women with AHNB, the isolated condition was seen in 32 (0.78%) cases, while AHNB with structural anomalies was seen in nine cases (0.22%). Thirty-nine women opted for invasive testing. Six out of 47 had aneuploidy (12.7%), while two euploid cases (4.25%) developed nonimmune hydrops. The prevalence of Down syndrome in fetuses with AHNB was 8.5% (4/47) and 0.42% (17/4004) in fetuses with nasal bone present. This difference was statistically significant (p = .001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that isolated AHNB cases should be followed by a comprehensive anomaly scan rather than immediately recommending invasive testing. However, invasive testing is required when AHNB is associated with other soft markers or abnormalities. As chromosomal microarray is more sensitive than standard karyotype in detecting chromosomal aberrations, it should be chosen over karyotype.

Efficacy, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness of Healthium Theruptor Versus 3M Tegaderm Versus Plain Gauze Dressing for Wound Dressings Used in Abdominal and Joint Surgeries: A Prospective, Multicentric, Randomized Study.

Background In the realm of surgical and postoperative care, the application of wound dressings is a standard practice to facilitate healing, minimize infection risks, and offer a protective barrier against pathogens for optimal recovery. For instance, Theruptor is an active advanced wound care product with patented microbicidal technology. In the present study, we conducted a randomized clinical trial to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of Healthium Theruptor, 3M Tegaderm, and plain gauze dressings in patients undergoing abdominal and joint surgeries. Methodology This was a multicenter, prospective, three-arm, randomized, double-blind study conducted between April and November 2022 at three different sites in India, viz., All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur; Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry; and SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai. A total of 210 patients were randomized to receive either of the following three interventions: Theruptor, Tegaderm, and plain gauze dressing (n = 70 each) based on computer-generated randomization sequences using sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed envelopes. Demographic data and surgery details were obtained and recorded at baseline. Parameters such as rate of wound healing, incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs), adverse events, product performance, and pain score were assessed and compared during the weekly follow-up visits until 28 days. In addition, wound assessments using the Stony Brook Scar evaluation scale, Cardiff Wound Impact Questionnaire, and Modified Hollander Wound Evaluation Scale were conducted to provide additional insights on the efficacy of the dressings (days 3, 7, 14, and 28). Lastly, the cost of wound management was assessed at the end of the study. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using a one-way analysis of variance followed by a Bonferroni post-hoc test on GraphPad software. Results All three dressings were equally effective in healing the wound and reducing the incidence of SSIs. The median healing time was estimated to be seven days. Further, no significant difference was observed in wound dehiscence, wound pain, clinical wound parameters, cosmetic assessment, and quality of life among the three groups (p > 0.05) during the follow-up visits. However, the product performance of Theruptor and Tegaderm was significantly better than plain gauze dressing in terms of ease of application (82.87% and 84.13% vs. 71.7%), ease of removal (83.09% and 83.67% vs. 70.79%), comfort to wear (82.59% and 84.47% vs. 72.83%), exudate management (84.35% and 85.7% vs. 77.23%), mean wear time in hours (65.57 and 65.92 vs. 49 hours), and mobility of the patient (p < 0.05). Further, the total cost of wound management with Theruptor dressing was significantly lower than with Tegaderm dressing (₹1117.2 ± 269.86 vs. ₹1474 ± 455.63; p < 0.0001). Conclusions Although all three dressings were equally safe and clinically efficacious, Theruptor was more cost-effective with better product performance. Thus, Theruptor may be a considerate option in the postoperative wound management of abdominal and joint surgeries.

WITHDRAWN: Tranexamic acid to reduce postpartum blood loss after a vaginal delivery: a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial.

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To Try or Not to Try: A Questionnaire Study among Women with Previous Lower Segment Cesarean Section.

Background: The recent increase in the cesarean section (CS) rate worldwide has led to global concerns and vaginal birth after CS (VBAC) as an effective way to reduce the CS rate. In this study, our main aim was to know about various factors that help women make their preferred mode of delivery following a previous CS. Material and Method: This was a questionnaire-based study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur, among 200 women with previous one lower segment CS (LSCS). Results: Elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD) was found to be more among uneducated women and those who had complications in their previous babies. The most common reason for opting for ERCD was fear of labor pains. Women who were counseled by senior doctors were more likely to opt for a trial of labor after cesarean section (TOLAC). Conclusion: Improving the education levels of mothers, counseling about advantages associated with vaginal birth, counseling by senior obstetrician, and information regarding labor analgesia can decrease CS rates.

Pre-COVID and COVID experience of objective structured clinical examination as a learning tool for post-graduate residents in Obstetrics & Gynecology-a quality improvement study.

OBJECTIVE: Due to its comprehensive, reliable, and valid format, the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) is the gold standard for assessing the clinical competency of medical students. In the present study, we evaluated the importance of the OSCE as a learning tool for postgraduate (PG) residents assessing their junior undergraduate students. We further aimed to analyze quality improvement during the pre-coronavirus disease (COVID) and COVID periods. METHODS: This quality-improvement interventional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. The PG residents were trained to conduct the OSCE. A formal feedback form was distributed to 22 participants, and their responses were analyzed using a five-point Likert scale. Fishbone analysis was performed, and the 'plan-do-study-act' (PDSA) cycle was implemented to improve the OSCE. RESULTS: Most of the residents (95%) believed that this examination system was extremely fair and covered a wide range of clinical skills and knowledge. Further, 4.5% believed it was more labor- and resource intensive and time-consuming. Eighteen (81.8%) residents stated that they had learned all three domains: communication skills, time management skills, and a stepwise approach to clinical scenarios. The PDSA cycle was run eight times, resulting in a dramatic improvement (from 30% to 70%) in the knowledge and clinical skills of PGs and the standard of OSCE. CONCLUSION: The OSCE can be used as a learning tool for young assessors who are receptive to novel tools. The involvement of PGs in the OSCE improved their communication skills and helped overcome human resource limitations while manning various OSCE stations.

Does change in the shape of intrauterine contraceptive device Cu 375 and Cu T 380A affect the expulsion after post-partum insertion - a prospective randomized control trial.

PURPOSE: The objective of the study was to see the difference in expulsion rates of two types of Copper containing intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs): Cu 375 & CuT 380 A, within or at 6 weeks after insertion. METHODS: It was a randomised control trial. A total of 396 pregnant women were recruited. Ultrasonography was done to look for the position of the IUCD at the time of discharge and at six weeks follow-up and the expulsion rate was calculated. RESULTS: Amongst 396 participants, 22 PPIUCDs were expelled completely at 6 weeks (modified intention to treat analysis [ITA]), 10 (5.3%) and 12 (6.7%) in the Cu 375 and CuT 380 A groups respectively. The expulsion rate was 6.02%. However, this difference was not statistically significant. When ultrasonologically assessed partial expulsions were also considered, the total expulsion rate in both groups (14.3% and 14.1% respectively) was also not significantly different. The expulsion rate was higher in the vaginal delivery group (10.7%) than in the caesarean section (3.6%) group (p = 0.007) and early postpartum insertion 12.3% than in the immediate post-placental insertion group, 3.7% (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that the altered shape of Cu 375 has effectively no role in decreasing the expulsion rate. Placement of IUCD at or near the uterine fundus immediately after delivering the placenta (post-placental) decreases the expulsion rate, thereby increasing the contraceptive efficacy.SHORT CONDENSATIONThe altered shape of Cu 375 has effectively no role in decreasing the expulsion rate. Placement of IUCD at or near the uterine fundus immediately after delivering the placenta (post-placental) decreases the expulsion rate, thereby increasing the contraceptive efficacy.

Red cell alloimmunization in pregnancy: a study from a premier tertiary care centre of Western India.

OBJECTIVE: The study was conducted to determine the frequency of alloimmunization to various blood group antibodies in pregnant women, and the risk of hemolytic disease in the fetus and newborn. METHODS: All antenatal women, irrespective of the period of gestation or obstetric history, were included, whereas those taking anti-D immune-prophylaxis or with a history of blood transfusion were excluded. Antibody screening and identification were performed using a Bio-Rad ID microtyping system. RESULTS: Of 2,084 antenatal females, 1,765 were D-antigen positive and 319 D-antigen negative. Sixty-five (3.119%) women alloimmunized. Out of 54 (2.591%) who had sensitized to D-antigen, 11 (0.527%) also sensitized to other antibodies. These 11 alloantibodies identified included: anti-M (n=6; 9.23%), anti-C (n=1; 3.076%), anti-E (n=1; 1.538%), anti-e (n=1; 1.538%), anti-Lewis (a) (n=1; 1.538%), and unspecified antibodies (n=1; 1.538%). Multiple antibodies were seen in four patients that combined: anti-D and anti-C (n=2; 3.076%), anti-e and anti-c (n=1; 1.538%), and anti-D and anti-G (n=1; 1.538%). CONCLUSION: The rate of alloimmunization in D-antigen-negative women was high. Apart from this, the alloimmunization rate in women with bad obstetric history was very high, at 8.1%. In developing countries such as India, universal antenatal antibody screening, though desirable, may not be justified at present, as the cost and infrastructure required would be immense because of the lower alloimmunization rates in RhD antigen-positive women. However, it is necessary to impose properly formulated protocols to screen pregnant women with bad obstetric history.

Laparoscopic management of vaginal evisceration of the small bowel.

Vaginal vault dehiscence leading to bowel evisceration is a rare but potentially lethal surgical emergency. Various aetiologies have been reported in the literature, but the condition is most commonly seen after hysterectomy in post-menopausal women. Prompt reduction of the bowel is necessary to prevent ischaemic complications. Although most cases in the past have been managed by exploratory laparotomy, the condition may be managed laparoscopically if the prolapsed bowel is viable, giving the benefit of minimally invasive surgery to the patient. A hybrid approach of laparoscopic bowel reduction and per vaginal repair of the vault is technically simple and can be performed even by non-expert surgeons in an emergency setting.

Deriving a prediction model for emergency cesarean delivery following induction of labor in singleton term pregnancies.

OBJECTIVES: To derive a prediction model combining various clinical factors associated with increased risk of emergency cesarean section following induction of labor in women with unfavorable cervix. METHODS: All women with singleton term pregnancies undergoing induction of labor and fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in this cross-sectional study after supplying consent. Women with a Bishop score of 6 or less were induced with dinoprostone gel. Multiple regression analysis was used to find the most significant independent predictive factors and these factors were used to develop the predictive model and calculator. RESULTS: After multiple logistic regression, risk of emergency cesarean after induction of labor was significantly associated with the following variables: height (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.955, P = 0.033), nulliparity (aOR 3.987, P < 0.001), closed cervix (aOR 2.030, P = 0.030), fetal station -3 above ischial spine (aOR 2.719, P = 0.043), firm or medium cervical consistency (aOR 2.028, P = 0.004), cervical length 3 cm or longer (aOR 3.090, P = 0.015), posterior cervix (aOR 2.112, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Use of a prediction model would help to reduce the number of emergency cesarean sections secondary to unsuccessful inductions and help in the reduction of maternal and perinatal morbidity.

Ileo-dermoid Fistula: A Rare Presentation of Ovarian Dermoid.

Mature cystic teratoma is a benign ovarian tumor that usually presents in reproductive-age females. This tumor usually presents with pain abdomen, bloating, and a lump. Hereby, we describe a case of an ovarian dermoid presented with features of intestinal obstruction secondary to ileo-dermoid fistula formation. A 55-year-old postmenopausal female presented with lower abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and the feeling of a lump in the abdomen. On evaluation and imaging, it was diagnosed as a large ovarian dermoid (with malignant transformation) with multiple fistulous communications with ileal loops. The patient was managed by laparotomy, total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, bowel resection, and anastomosis. The patient was discharged in good condition. The rupture of malignant ovarian dermoid followed by enterodermoid fistula formation and intestinal obstruction is rare. Complete cytoreduction and bowel repair should be considered for optimal results.

Spectrum of Abnormal Cervical Lesions and its Cytohistological Correlation: a Study from an Institute of National Importance of Western Rajasthan.

Objective: Cancer of the cervix is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. It accounts for 12% of all cancers in females. Our study aims to find out the pattern of cervical cytology on Papanicolaou smear (Pap smear) and its correlation with histopathological findings in the tertiary care referral centre of Western Rajasthan. Materials and methods: This is a prospective study carried out over two years, in which all cervical cytology smears were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system and abnormal cytology was correlated with histopathological findings in cases where cervical biopsy or total hysterectomy specimens were available. Results:A total of 2291 cervical cytology smears were studied concerning age group, clinical signs and symptoms, and cytology findings. Cervical biopsy correlation was done in 65 patients aged 31-45 (45.61%) years. The mean age of our patients was 41 years. Among the 2291 smears, 181 were unsatisfactory for evaluation. In total, 1982 (86.51%) smears were negative for intraepithelial lesion and malignancy (NILM). Out of 61 abnormal smears, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) were seen in 26 (42.62%) cases, atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) in nine (14.75%) cases, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) in four (6.56%) cases, while nine (14.75%) cases were positive for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). Invasive squamous cell carcinoma was seen in seven (11.48%) cases and two (3.28%) cases were positive for adenocarcinoma. Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGUS) were diagnosed in four (6.56%) cases. In our institutional study, specificity was 81.58% and sensitivity 83.33%. The cytohistopathological correlation was 68.18%, with HSIL (88.89%) having the highest correlation. Conclusion:Various new techniques have emerged in the diagnosis of a range of lesions of the cervix but as these technologies are costly, they cannot be implemented in poor set up countries. In the present scenario, the Pap smear test is considered the best screening method for cervical carcinoma. Biopsy is always considered to be the gold standard for carcinoma cervix provided that it is taken from representative areas.

Whole exome sequencing, clinical exome or targeted gene panels: what to choose for suspected lethal skeletal dysplasia (short rib thoracic dysplasia type IV).

Lethal skeletal dysplasias (SDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare but important genetic disorders characterised by abnormal growth and development of bone and cartilage. The phenotypic variation of SD highlights the complex aetiology for this group of disorders. Short rib polydactyly syndrome (SRPS) types I-IV are a group of rare congenital autosomal recessive types of SD.We report a case of a non-consanguineous couple whose two successive pregnancies were diagnosed with multiple congenital anomalies in fetuses suggestive of lethal SD (likely SRPS type IV) at 24 and 19 weeks period of gestation, respectively. Pregnancy was terminated, and the whole exome sequencing of the abortus for genetic analysis in the second pregnancy confirmed an autosomal recessive type of short rib thoracic dysplasia-4 (SRTD-4) also called SRPS in homozygous condition. Our case is unique as it was also associated with cystic hygroma which is a rare association with SRPS/SRTD-4.

Lifestyle and Prevalence of Menstrual Disorders among Undergraduate Medical and Nursing Students: Can We Bring a Change?

Objectives: Menstruation is a normal physiological phenomenon, but sometimes the abnormalities and pain associated with it can severely affect the daily routine of women and may create a stressful environment for them. The objective of this study was to conduct a comparative evaluation of the pattern of menstruation, lifestyle and the outlook toward menstruation among undergraduate female medical and nursing students. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among the undergraduate medical and nursing students of a tertiary care Institute. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Of the 400 students approached, 188 completed the questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.23 ± 1.47 years. The mean age of menarche was 12.65 ± 1.24 years among the medical students and 13.69 ± 1.38 years among the nursing students (P < 0.05). Overall, the common menstrual abnormalities observed were dysmenorrhea (71.2%) and premenstrual syndrome (70.2%) followed by menstrual irregularity (14.8%). On correlating lifestyle with menstrual abnormalities, no significant association was found. However, the most common reason for college absenteeism in both groups was dysmenorrhea and fear of unexpected heavy bleeding. Conclusion: Despite having a medical background and knowledge about the physiology of menstruation, medical and nursing students do carry certain myths regarding menstruation which are being carried forward in society. Small roleplays in the OPD (Outpatient Department) area and public awareness lectures should be planned. They will not only develop confidence and better understanding among the students but also create social awareness.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on obstetrics and gynecology residency training program in India: A national online survey.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to analyze how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBG) residency program in India. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based online survey aimed to assess the impact of the pandemic on the residency training program in Obstetrics and Gynecology. The questionnaire consisted of five sections: demographic details, information regarding COVID-19 status, clinical work load, teaching and research, and psychological impact. RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 280 OBG trainees from different medical colleges from India. Training activity in general was reduced considerably during the pandemic, according to 79.6% (n = 223) respondents. According to 13.21% (n = 37) and 5% (n = 14) respondents, reduction in training activity were due to cancelation of elective operations and reduced patient foot fall respectively. In 74.3% (n = 208) of cases, trainees reported worry about meeting the goals of their specialty training. Logistic regression showed that the extent of training reduction was not significantly associated with residents' age (p = 0.806), gender (p = 0.982), marital status (p = 0.363), and status of their duty in COVID-19 dedicated hospitals (p = 0.110). However, year of residency was a significant predictor of the perception about degree of training reduction. CONCLUSION: The pandemic imposed a significant impact on OBG residency training in India. During the pandemic, exposure to learning opportunities, surgeries, and teaching were reduced, which may result in a decline in the quality of care offered to women in the future if training deficit is not overcome. At the same time, pandemic also gave birth to newer insights of learning and interaction by online mode.