EDA Complex-Enabled Annulation to Access CF2-Containing Tetralones and Quinazolinones Using Persulfates as Electron Donors.

A photocatalyst-free and EDA complex-enabled radical cascade cyclization reaction of inactive alkenes with bromodifluoroacetamides was reported for the divergent synthesis of fluorine-containing tetralones and quinazolinones. In this transformation, persulfates as electron donors and difluoro bromamide as electron acceptors generate the EDA complex. This is a promising photochemical method with advantages such as mild reaction conditions, simple operation, being metal-free, and excellent functional group tolerance.

Using halofuginone-silver thermosensitive nanohydrogels with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties for healing wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus.

Contamination by pathogens, such as bacteria, can irritate a wound and prevent its healing, which may affect the physical fitness of the infected person. As such, the development of more novel nano-biomaterials able to cope with the inflammatory reaction to bacterial infection during the wound healing process to accelerate wound healing is required. Herein, a halofuginone­silver nano thermosensitive hydrogel (HTPM&AgNPs-gel) was prepared via a physical swelling method. HTPM&AgNPs-gel was characterized based on thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, morphology, injectability, and rheological mechanics that reflected its exemplary nature. Moreover, HTPM&AgNPs-gel was further tested for its ability to facilitate healing of skin fibroblasts and exert antibacterial activity. Finally, HTPM&AgNPs-gel was tested for its capacity to accelerate general wound healing and treat bacterially induced wound damage. HTPM&AgNPs-gel appeared spherical under a transmission electron microscope and showed a grid structure under a scanning electron microscope. Additionally, HTPM&AgNPs-gel demonstrated excellent properties, including injectability, temperature-dependent swelling behavior, low loss at high temperatures, and appropriate rheological properties. Further, HTPM&AgNPs-gel was found to effectively promote healing of skin fibroblasts and inhibit the proliferation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. An evaluation of the wound healing efficacy demonstrated that HTPM&AgNPs-gel had a more pronounced ability to facilitate wound repair and antibacterial effects than HTPM-gel or AgNPs-gel alone, and exhibited ideal biocompatibility. Notably, HTPM&AgNPs-gel also inhibited inflammatory responses in the healing process. HTPM&AgNPs-gel exhibited antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and scar repair features, which remarkably promoted wound healing. These findings indicated that HTPM&AgNPs-gel holds great clinical potential as a promising and valuable wound healing treatment.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with minimally invasive surgery for acute respiratory failure and sudden cardiac arrest: A case report.

Acute respiratory failure and sudden cardiac arrest caused by acute intrathoracic infection is a fatal clinical condition with a low resuscitation success rate. The present study describes the case of a patient with acute empyema secondary to an acute lung abscess rupture, complicated by acute respiratory failure and sudden cardiac arrest caused by severe hypoxemia. The patient recovered well through the administration of multiple therapeutic measures, including medication and closed chest drainage, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation combined with continuous renal replacement therapy, and minimally invasive surgical resection of the lung lesion with persistent alveolar fistula as the clinical manifestation. To the best of our knowledge, the treatment of such a severe condition combined with thoracoscopic surgery has rarely been reported before, and the present study may provide insight regarding therapeutic schedules for acute respiratory failure by intrathoracic infection, and excision of ruptured lung abscess.

Overactive Bladder during Pregnancy: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Background and Objectives: Overactive bladder (OAB) is a serious urination-related symptom of unknown pathogenesis that affects one's everyday activities. The objective of this study was to examine how OAB prevalence, symptom severity, and degree of distress caused by OAB symptoms evolved throughout the course of pregnancy. Materials and Methods: A total of 659 pregnant women were recruited from 2015 to 2020, and were evaluated through the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Overactive Bladder (ICIQ-OAB) on OAB symptoms, administered in the early, middle, and late stages of pregnancy. Results: Generalized estimating equation analysis revealed that the odds of OAB occurring in the middle and late stages of pregnancy were 1.90 and 2.33 times higher, respectively, than in early pregnancy. The corresponding odds for OAB-wet were 1.63 and 2.07 higher, respectively, and the odds of OAB-dry occurring during late pregnancy were 0.80 higher than during early pregnancy. Symptoms were more severe by 0.07 and 0.21 points (on a 4-point scale) in the middle and late stages of pregnancy, respectively, than in early pregnancy; distress was greater by 0.13 and 0.27 points (on a 10-point scale) in the middle and late stages of pregnancy, respectively, than in early pregnancy. The prevalence of OAB, OAB-dry, and OAB-wet was significantly higher in early pregnancy than pre-pregnancy. Conclusions: The prevalence of OAB and OAB-wet increased over the course of pregnancy, but the prevalence of OAB-dry decreased. Furthermore, symptom severity and degree of distress increased over time.

Accurate simulation of the herniated cervical intervertebral disc using controllable expansion: a finite element study.

Expansions were carried out in finite element (FE) models of disc hernia including symmetric (median, lateral, paramedian) and asymmetric types. In all models, lubricous disk bulging that applied a linear compression to the anterior part of the cord was observed at the posterior surfaces of the expansion zone, respectively. The shape and position of protrusions varyed with the temperature, magnitude, and location of expanding elements. The geometric deformation and stress distribution of the spinal cord increased as the extent of compression grew. This method is in possession of enormous potential in promoting further individualized research of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

[Gene polymorphism in oral lichen planus].

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. The prevalence rate of OLP in adults is 0.5%-2%. The etiology and pathogenesis of OLP are still unclear. The pathogenesis of OLP may be related to the genetic polymorphism of some genes. Currently, the gene families, including tumor necrosis factor, interferon, interleukin, enzyme, and receptor, have been extensively studied. This work reviews related studies on gene polymorphism of OLP.

N-acetylcysteine and atorvastatin alleviates lung injury due to ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury is a major cause of death following severe injury and ischemia-reperfusion (IR). We investigated the protective effect of pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and atorvastatin (ATOR) in a mesenteric IR rat model. METHODS: Male rats were randomly divided into five experimental groups: sham; mesenteric IR; and ATOR, NAC, ATOR + NAC (A + N) pretreatment followed by IR. Blood gas and cytokine levels, biochemistry, and cell count were analyzed. Lung injury was evaluated through histopathology and by using the wet-to-dry lung weight (W/D) ratio. RESULTS: Following IR, significant changes were noted in biochemistry, cytokine, and lung injury. Compared with those in the IR group, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lactate and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were lower in all pretreatment groups, and creatinine and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) levels were lower only in the A + N group. Blood pH and base excess (BE) were higher, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood (PvCO2) lowered significantly in the ATOR and A + N groups than those in the IR group, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels increased only in the A + N group. Lung injury scores and W/D indicated significant attenuation in the A + N group. Compared with those in the IR group, tissue tumor necrosis factor-α levels were significantly lower in all the pretreatment groups and interleukin-1ß levels were lower in the A + N group. CONCLUSION: NAC and ATOR decreased inflammation and lung injury following mesenteric IR in rats. NAC and ATOR may alleviate lung injury more efficiently in combination than individually.

Clinical characteristics and analysis of familial oral lichen planus in eight Chinese families.

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosa diseases; however, familial OLP is uncommon. The present study reported and analyzed patients with familial OLP (n=18) in eight different Chinese families between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013. Parameters analyzed include gender, age at diagnosis, lesion distribution and lesion type. The follow-up period for each patient was a minimum of 1 year. In this survey, 18/88 individuals in the eight families were affected. Females were more frequently affected, and the female to male ratio for familial OLP (2.2:1) was higher compared with that previously reported for nonfamilial OLP (1.4:1). The age at diagnosis, lesion distribution and lesion type showed consistency with reports concerning nonfamilial OLP, with the exception of family VI, in which 4/5 children had OLP/LP lesions and were of an early age at diagnosis. There were two families in which three generations had been affected by OLP. In addition, it appeared that patients of the same generation in the same family were of a similar age at diagnosis. No malignant or premalignant lesion was identified in the 18 individuals diagnosed with OLP from the eight families. The present study supports the hypothesis that genetic predisposition may serve a role in the etiology of OLP.

Resveratrol prevents osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by regulating microRNA-338-3p.

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by loss of bone mass and degeneration of the microstructure of bone. Resveratrol (3,5,4-tri-hydroxystilbene; RESV) may delay the onset of a variety of age-related diseases. In the present study, an ovariectomized female rat model was used to detect the changes in microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) following RESV treatment. Subsequently, the target genes of miRNA were predicted using TargetScan software and determined using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Finally, the role of miR-338-3p in the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast (HOB) cells was confirmed. The predominant finding of the present study was the identification of an intact mechanism of the effect of RESV in osteoporosis treatment. The results suggested that RESV suppresses miR-338-3p, followed by an increase in the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 in HOB cells.

Critical selection of internal control genes for quantitative real-time RT-PCR studies in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human THP-1 and K562 cells.

The choice of internal control genes is important since it may affect the study outcome in RT-qPCR. Indeed, it is well-known that expression levels of traditional internal control genes can vary across tissue types and across experimental settings within one specific tissue type. The aim of this study is an evaluation of a set of housekeeping genes (HKGs) to be used in the normalization of gene expression in vitro different cultured cells, THP-1 and K562. The transcriptional stability of eleven potential internal control genes (RPL37A, ACTB, GAPDH, B(2)M, PPIB, PGK1, PPIA, SDHA, TBP, HPRT1 and RPL13A) were evaluated using RT-qPCR and were compared in different treatment, that was un-stimulated or LPS-stimulated cells. The raw Ct values were determined for each candidate gene at different time points following LPS-stimulated or unstimulated cells. Furthermore, all data were analyzed by the geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder validation programs. Results indicated that PPIB and PGK1 were the most stable internal control genes in this study. RPL13A was found to be the least stable. This study provides the comprehensive reported assessment of internal control genes for use in expression studies in vitro cultured cells. These findings further emphasize the need to accurately validate candidate internal control genes in the study before use in gene expression studies using RT-qPCR.

Transplant long-surviving induced by CD40-CD40 ligand costimulation blockade is dependent on IFN-γ through its effect on CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells.

BACKGROUND: IFN-γ was documented to be commonly associated with acute rejection. In the present study, we investigated the role of IFN-γ in the transplant long-surviving induced by blocking CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40-CD40L) costimulation and its mechanisms. METHODS: IFN-γ expression in cardiac allografts and spleens from syngeneic and allogeneic recipients with or without anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody (MR-1) treatment was examined by real-time RT-PCR. The grafts survival time in Wild type (IFN-γ(+/+)) and IFN-γ deficient (IFN-γ(-/-)) recipients was investigated. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) of CD4(+) T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay of CD8(+) T cells were also studied. FoxP3 expression in allografts and spleens from IFN-γ(+/+) or IFN-γ(-/-) recipients with MR-1 treatment was examined. Furthermore, FoxP3, IL-10 and CTLA-4 expressions and the suppressive capability of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells were examined. RESULTS: Rejected allografts showed significantly higher IFN-γ expression than long-surviving allografts. Allograft survival was not prolonged in nonimmunosuppressed IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Administration of MR-1 induced long-term survival in 90.1% of IFN-γ(+/+) recipients (98±6.6 days) but failed to do so in IFN-γ(-/-) group (16.2±4.0 days). IFN-γ(-/-) recipients facilitated the proliferation and CTL generation of T cells. The allografts and spleens from IFN-γ(+/+) recipients contained higher FoxP3 expression than IFN-γ(-/-) recipients. Moreover, CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells from IFN-γ(+/+) recipients displayed a higher FoxP3 and IL-10 expression and suppressive capability. CONCLUSION: IFN-γ plays an important role in the long-surviving induced by blocking CD40-CD40L through inhibiting the function of activated T cells and increasing suppressive capability of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells.

CD40-CD40L costimulation blockade induced the tolerogenic dendritic cells in mouse cardiac transplant.

We aimed to investigate whether tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) were induced in the tolerant recipients with the blockade of CD40-CD40L costimulation. Mouse heterotopic heart transplantation was performed. DCs were sorted from rejected and tolerant recipients using magnetic-activated cell sorting. Their expression of CD40, CD80, and CD86 was examined using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. DCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in vitro, and interleukin 10 (IL-10) and IL-12 levels in the supernatants were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. By using mixed leukocyte reaction, we investigated the stimulatory capacities and tolerogenic capability of DCs. DCs from tolerant recipients expressed lower level of costimulatory molecules, including CD40, CD80, and CD86 and released higher levels of IL-10 and lower levels of IL-12. In addition, DCs from tolerant recipients were weak stimulators of the mixed leukocyte reaction and inhibited the proliferation of splenocytes. IL-10(high)IL-12(low) DCs with immature phenotype were induced in the tolerant recipients with the blockade of CD40-CD40L costimulation, and they obtained the tolerogenic function.

Expansion of CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells by natural mature dendritic cells.

Because of the anergy of CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells, it is unclear how the number of these regulatory T cells is sustained and expanded in normal physiologic circumstances. In the present study, we examined the effect of natural allogeneic mature dendritic cells (DCs) on the proliferation and function of CD25+CD4+ T cells. Our data showed that natural allogeneic mature DCs stimulated CD25+CD4+ T-cell growth vigorously, whereas immature DCs had little effect on the proliferation of CD25+CD4+ T cells. After expansion by mature DCs, CD25+CD4+ T cells maintained their expression of Foxp3 and suppressed the proliferation of CD25- CD4+ T cells similar to freshly isolated CD25+CD4+ T cells. Our results introduce a potentially critical role played by natural allogeneic mature DCs, which exist in normal physiologic circumstances, in controlling CD25+CD4+ regulatory T-cell expansion and function.

[A clinical observation of combined application of magnetic attachments and extracoronal attachments].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of combined application of magnetic attachments and extracoronal attachments in prosthodontics. METHODS: Twenty-two cases of dentition defect with isolated residual root or residual crown were selected. All the cases accepted the restorative treatment combined magnetic attachments with extracoronal attachments. The clinical effect of dentures and the condition of abutment teeth were evaluated by chief complaint of patients and clinical examination. The follow-up time ranged from 2 years to 4 years. RESULTS: Satisfactory functional, stable and esthetic results of dentures were achieved for all the cases. And there was no abutment loosening and no secondary caries. Alveolar bone loss around abutment occurred in 1 case, gingivitis of abutments appeared in 5 cases. Chewing pain occurred in 1 case and unstable state of dentures appeared in 5 cases after the use of denture for 2 years. The dentures of above-mentioned cases were used normally after symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSION: The combined application of magnetic attachments and extracoronal attachments in prosthodontics is an effective treatment option for cases of dentition defect with isolated residual root or residual crown.

Glypican3 in genetically modified human monocyte-derived dendritic cells induced specific cytotoxity against glypican3 overexpressing human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: To transduce the new hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specific antigen gene glypican3 (GPC3) into dendritic cells (DCs) and to observe the in vitro cytotoxic effect induced by the genetically modified DCs against the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). METHODS: This study was performed in China Medical University Shenyang, China from September 2007-February 2008. The design of the study was to modify DCs with GPC3 and to be used to activate human T cells and elicit a cell-mediated immune response against HepG2 in vitro. The GPC3 gene expression was identified by western blot and immunocytochemistry. The proliferation of responder cells and cytotoxicity against HepG2 were examined by water-soluble tetrazolium salt -1 and lactate dehydrogenase assay respectively. The interferon-y (IFN-y) secreted was detected by ELISA assay. RESULTS: Both Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis assured the validity of GPC3 transfection. Glypican3 modified DCs were potent in inducing responder cells proliferation and IFN-y production. The cytotoxicity in the group of GPC3 transfected DCs were (38.90+/-0.95%) at the ratio of effector cells/target cells E/T:100:1, 30.83+/-1.24% at the ratio of E/T:50:1, and 23.84+/-0.65% at the ratio of E/T:10:1, respectively (which is significant compared with other groups, p<0.001). And the GPC3 modified DCs showed ability to induce high specific cytotoxicity against HepG2 in vitro. CONCLUSION: The effector cells stimulated with DCs that were transfected with pEF-hGPC3 plasmid could effectively lyse GPC3 expressing HepG2 cells, which suggested that those genetically engineered DCs have the potential to serve as novel vaccine for HCC.

[The polymorphism distribution of DYS413 locus in Mongolians (Inner Mongolia)].

In order to provide the evidence for the application of DYS413(YCAIII) locus in forensic medicine and population genetics by investigating its polymorphism in the Mongolians lived in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, to collect 120 unrelated male Mongolians' venous blood, who lived in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the blood is anticoagulant with EDTA, then to extract DNA by using the method of phenol-chloroform and amplify the DYS413 locus with PCR. The products were separated with 6% non-denatured polyacrylamide/bisacrylamide gels(19:1) electrophoresis and stained with 1 per thousand nitrate of silver(AgNO(3)). There are total 30 different haplotypes in Mongolians, the frequencies are from 0.0007 to 0.01361, the HD(haplotype diversity) is 0.94054. It shows that DYS413 locus is high valuable in the application of forensic medicine and population genetics.