Impact of Imine Bond Orientations and Acceptor Groups on Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation of Donor-Acceptor Covalent Organic Frameworks.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as one of the most studied photocatalysts owing to their adjustable structure and bandgaps. However, there is limited research on regulating the light-harvesting capabilities of acceptor building blocks in donor-acceptor (D-A) isomer COFs with different bond orientations. This investigation is crucial for elucidating the structure-property-performance relationship of COF photocatalysts. Herein, a series of D-A isostructural COFs are synthesized with different imine bond orientations using benzothiadiazole and its derivatives-based organic building units. Extended light absorption is achieved in COFs with acceptor groups that have strong electron-withdrawing capacities, although this resulted a decreased hydrogen generation efficiency. Photocatalytic experiments indicated that dialdehyde benzothiadiazole-based COFs, HIAM-0015, exhibit the highest hydrogen generation rate (17.99 mmol g-1 h-1), which is 15 times higher than its isomer. The excellent photocatalytic performance of HIAM-0015 can be attributed to its fast charge separation and migration. This work provides insights into the rational design and synthesis of D-A COFs to achieve efficient photocatalytic activity.

In vivo detection of endogenous toxic phenolic compounds of intestine.

Phenol and p-cresol are two common toxic small molecules related to various diseases. Existing reports confirmed that high L-tyrosine in the daily diet can increase the concentration of phenolic compounds in blood and urine. L-tyrosine is a common component of protein-rich foods. Some anaerobic bacteria in the gut can convert non-toxic l-tyrosine into these two toxic phenolic compounds, phenol and p-cresol. Existing methods have been constructed for measuring the concentration of phenolic compound in feces. However, there is still a lack of direct visual evidence to measure the phenolic compounds in the intestine. In this study, we aimed to construct a whole-cell biosensor for phenolic compounds detection based on the dmpR, the regulator from the phenol metabolism cluster. The commensal bacterium Citrobacter amalonaticus PS01 was selected and used as the chassis. Compared with the biosensor based on ECN1917, the biosensor PS01[dmpR] could better implant into the mouse gut through gavage and showed a higher sensitive to phenolic compound. And the concentration of phenolic compounds in the intestines could be observed with the help of in vivo imaging system using PS01[dmpR]. This paper demonstrated endogenous phenol synthesis in the gut and the strategy of using commensal bacteria to construct whole-cell biosensors for detecting small molecule compounds in the intestines.

Pulse Charge Suppressing Dendrite Growth at Low Temperature by Rapidly Replenishing Lithium Ion on Anode Surface.

Dendrite growth of lithium (Li) metal anodes is considered as one of the most tough issues for Li metal batteries with a theoretically high energy density. This is attributed to the rapid exhaustion of Li ions at the electrode/electrolyte interface, which is even worse at low temperatures with poor diffusion kinetics of Li ions. Here, pulse charge with intermittent rest time during battery charging is proposed to handle the dendrite growth issue of Li metal anodes at low temperatures. The depleted Li ions near the interfaces can be rapidly replenished during the rest time, thus effectively suppressing the dendrites growth. Further investigations indicate that the large dendrites can be suppressed at the Li ion nucleation stage. The equivalent lifespan considering the rest time is proposed. At -10oC, the lifespan of Li||Li batteries cycled under 3 mA cm-2 and 1 mAh cm-2 is increased from 24 h to equivalent 64 h. Li ||LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 batteries with 80% capacity retention can be stably operated from 39 cycles to 56 cycles. This design presents an efficient and convenient strategy to regulate the deposition behaviors of Li metal anodes with a dendrite-free morphology.

Bacterial load in meconium.

The spike-in plasmid method was utilized to perform an analysis on meconium and second-pass feces, yielding both relative and absolute quantitative results. With the absolute quantitative data, the abundance of bacteria in 17 meconium samples and 17 second-pass fecal samples were found to be 1.14 × 107 and 1.59 × 109 copies/g, respectively. The mode of delivery can significantly influence the alterations and compositions of gut bacteria in a newborn within 72 h.

Electrochemically and Thermally Stable Inorganics-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Robust Lithium Metal Batteries.

Severe dendrite growth and high-level activity of the lithium metal anode lead to a short life span and poor safety, seriously hindering the practical applications of lithium metal batteries. With a trisalt electrolyte design, an F-/N-containing inorganics-rich solid electrolyte interphase on a lithium anode is constructed, which is electrochemically and thermally stable over long-term cycles and safety abuse conditions. As a result, its Coulombic efficiency can be maintained over 98.98% for 400 cycles. An 85.0% capacity can be retained for coin-type full cells with a 3.14 mAh cm-2 LiNi0.5 Co0.2 Mn0.3 O2 cathode after 200 cycles and 1.0 Ah pouch-type full cells with a 4.0 mAh cm-2 cathode after 72 cycles. During the thermal runaway tests of a cycled 1.0 Ah pouch cell, the onset and triggering temperatures were increased from 70.8 °C and 117.4 °C to 100.6 °C and 153.1 °C, respectively, indicating a greatly enhanced safety performance. This work gives novel insights into electrolyte and interface design, potentially paving the way for high-energy-density, long-life-span, and thermally safe lithium metal batteries.

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Longevity Immune Remodeling Features Shared by Centenarians and Their Offspring.

Centenarians, who show mild infections and low incidence of tumors, are the optimal model to investigate healthy aging. However, longevity related immune characteristics has not been fully revealed largely due to lack of appropriate controls. In this study, single-cell transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from seven centenarians (CEN), six centenarians' offspring (CO), and nine offspring spouses or neighbors (Control, age-matched to CO) are performed to investigate the shared immune features between CEN and CO. The results indicate that among all 12 T cell clusters, the cytotoxic-phenotype-clusters (CPC) and the naïve-phenotype-clusters (NPC) significantly change between CEN and ontrol. Compared to Control, both CEN and CO are characterized by depleted NPC and increased CPC, which is dominated by CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, CPC from CEN and CO share enhanced signaling pathways and transcriptional factors associated with immune response, and possesse similar T-cell-receptor features, such as high clonal expansion. Interestingly, rather than a significant increase in GZMK+ CD8 cells during aging, centenarians show accumulation of GZMB+ and CMC1+ CD8 T cells. Collectively, this study unveils an immune remodeling pattern reflected by both quantitative increase and functional reinforcement of cytotoxic T cells which are essential for healthy aging.

Transdermal Photothermal Sterilization and Abscess Elimination Research of BSA-CuS Nanoparticles in vivo.

The treatment of subcutaneous abscess caused by drug-resistant bacteria is facing great difficulties and receiving more attention. In this work, we employed BSA-CuS nanoparticles as a photothermal reagent to apply photothermal therapy (PTT) to combat drug-resistant bacteria in vitro and subcutaneous abscess in vivo. The BSA-CuS nanoparticles were found to be stable and biocompatible without cytotoxicity toward NIH3T3 and 4T1 cells. In vitro experiments showed that three species of drug-resistant pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, could be effectively sterilized under co-incubation with BSA-CuS nanoparticles and then irradiation with 1064 nm NIR laser via tissue penetration. BSA-CuS nanoparticles together with 1064 nm NIR laser irradiation could also effectively diminish subcutaneous abscesses caused by drug-resistant bacteria on mice under PTT and depth PTT without causing any serious side effects and organic damage in vivo.That is OK, thank you!

Relevant Characteristics Analysis Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Based on Phenotypes and T-Cell Subsets in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients With Anxiety.

Anxiety is frequently observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the immune system could act as a trigger for anxiety. To recognize abnormal T-cell and B-cell subsets for SLE patients with anxiety, in this study, patient disease phenotypes data from electronic lupus symptom records were extracted by using natural language processing. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to distinguish patients, and 107 patients were selected to meet research requirements. Then, peripheral blood was collected from two patient groups for multicolor flow cytometry experiments. The characteristics of 75 T-cell and 15 B-cell subsets were investigated between SLE patients with- (n = 23) and without-anxiety (n = 84) groups by four machine learning methods. The findings showed 13 T-cell subsets were significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, BMI, fatigue, depression, unstable emotions, CD27+CD28+ Th/Treg, CD27-CD28- Th/Treg, CD45RA-CD27- Th, and CD45RA+HLADR+ Th cells may be important characteristics between SLE patients with- and without-anxiety groups. The findings not only point out the difference of T-cell subsets in SLE patients with or without anxiety, but also imply that T cells might play the important role in patients with anxiety disorder.

Dextran Sulfate Effects EMT of Human Gastric Cancer Cells by Reducing HIF-1α/ TGF-ß.

The peritoneal implant metastasis is one of the main pathway and main cause for high mortality for gastric cancer metastasis. Researchs show that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) playing essential role in modulating gastric cancer metastasis, and the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) can promote EMT in tumor cells. This research aims to explore the influence and mechanism of Dextran Sulfate (DS) affecting EMT of human gastric cancer. In the present study, we found that DS can enter into the cytoplasm and function in it. Inhibition of HIF-1α or DS significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of human gastric cancer cells, and decrease the mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), Twist and N-cadherin (N-cad), rise E-cadherin (E-cad) expression, DS with HIF-1α knockdown has a stronger effect. In vivo studies indicated that compared with using DS or HIF-1α knockdown alone, DS with HIF-1α knockdown can better suppress the volume and number of metastatic tumors, and reduce the mRNA and protein expressions of HIF-1α, MMP-2, TGF-ß, Twist and N-cad in metastatic tumor tissues of nude mice. We further demonstrated that the expression of HIF-1α, MMP-2, TGF-ß , Twist and N-cad were higher in well and poorly differentiated gastric cancer than paracancerous tissue, and poorly differentiated gastric cancer were even higher, while E-cad expression was opposite. Taken together, this study shows that DS can interfere the expression of HIF-1α, thereby inhibiting TGF-ß-mediated EMT of gastric cancer cells, and demonstrated a promising application of DS in gastric cancer therapy.

[Hyper-spectral inversion of soil organic carbon content under different land use types]. / ä¸åŒåœŸåœ°åˆ©ç”¨ç±»åž‹ä¸‹åœŸå£¤æœ‰æœºç¢³å«é‡çš„é«˜å ‰è°±åæ¼”.

Soil spectral information differ across different land use types. Understanding the appropriate modeling methods for different land use types can efficiently and accurately invert soil organic carbon content. We collected 248 samples from forest, cultivated land and orchard in the north-central part of Fengxin County, Jiangxi Province. First, original spectral reflectance curves were reduced noises with Savitzky-Golay (SG) filter. Then 10 nm resampling method was used to reduce data redundancy. We used partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine regression based on grid search method (GRID-SVR) and support vector machine regression based on particle swarm optimization (PSO-SVR) to construct the inversion models of soil organic carbon content. The results showed that when constructing a single land-use type inversion model, RPD of the PLSR method for forest, cultivated land and orchard was 1.536, 1.315 and 1.493 respectively. RPD of GRID-SVR method increased 0.150, 0.183 and 0.502 than that of PLSR method, respectively. The PSO-SVR method had higher accuracy, with RPD being 20.8%, 10.0% and 2.7% higher than GRID-SVR for forest, cultivated land and orchard, respectively. The RPD of forest and orchard were 2.036 and 2.049, which well predicts soil organic carbon. The RPD of cultivated land was 1.647, which can make a rough estimate of soil organic carbon. The PSO-SVR model had the best prediction effect on soil organic carbon of different land use types, with the prediction accuracy of soil organic carbon content in forest and orchard being close and higher than cultivated land. Soil nutrition diffed acorss different land use types, which affect the prediction of soil organic carbon content. Models for inversion of soil organic carbon should be constructed separately for different land use types.

Direct Synthesis of Sulfonylated Spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidines] by Silver-Mediated Sulfonylation of Acrylamides Coupled with Indole Dearomatization.

A dearomative tandem spiro-cyclization reaction of N-[(1H-indol-3-yl)methyl]methacrylamide derivatives with sulfinate sodium in the presence of AgNO3 and K2CO3 is reported, which produced sulfonylated spiro[indole-3,3'-pyrrolidines] in medium to excellent yields. The characteristics of this transformation contain good functional group tolerance and ease of operation.

[Spatial variation of ecological environment quality and its influencing factors in Poyang Lake area, Jiangxi, China]. / é„±é˜³æ¹–åŒºç”Ÿæ€çŽ¯å¢ƒè´¨é‡çš„ç©ºé—´åˆ†å¼‚ç‰¹å¾åŠå ¶å½±å“å› ç´ .

Based on Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS remote sensing image data, indices including NDVI, WET, NDSI and LST were selected from the aspects of greenness, humidity, dryness and heat respectively, and remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) was constructed by principal component analysis to analyze the spatial distribution of ecological environment quality in Poyang Lake area in 2014. The spatial heterogeneity and its influencing factors of the original remote sensing ecological index (RSEI0) were quantitatively analyzed using spatial autocorrelation, semi-variance function, maximum information coefficient, and factor detection. The results showed that ecological environment quality of Poyang Lake area was generally at a moderate level in 2014 and that the overall spatial distribution pattern from southwest to northeast gradually improved. The exploratory spatial data analysis showed that RSEI0 had strong spatial clustering and spatial heterogeneity under the sampling of 2 km grid element. The nugget effect value of RSEI0 was 25.8%, which belonged to medium spatial variability and was mainly affected by structural factors. The results of maximum information coefficient and factor detection analysis showed that slope had the strongest positive correlation with RSEI0. Slope, elevation, curvature, annual average rainfall, annual average temperature, proportion of garden forest area, proportion of cultivated land area, proportion of construction land area, annual average population density and annual average GDP significantly affected RSEI0, but with different magnitude of influences. Among them, the slope independent explanatory power was 57.1%, which was the main factor affecting spatial variation of RSEI0 in Poyang Lake area. Our results could provide reference for the protection and management of ecological environment in the Poyang Lake area.