[Non-invasive ventilation of the lungs in neuromuscular diseases]. / Neinvazivnaya ventilyatsiya legkikh pri nervno-myshechnykh boleznyakh.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a clinical case and to analyze our own practice of using NIVL in a myasthenia (MG) gravis patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Since 2018 in the Republican Research and Clinical Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery NIVL has been performed in 29 patients (21 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and 8 MG patients). The research was carried out using the portable polysomnograph Polymate YH-1000C (BMC, China) and in the Sleep Laboratory of the Republican Clinical Medical Center of the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Belarus using SOMNOlab V 2.19 (Weinmann, Germany). Respiratory support was provided by the Ventimotion 2 device (Weinmann, Germany). RESULTS: The article presents our own experience of using NIVL in MG patient and profound description of the diagnostic and therapeutic complex. The development of chronic respiratory failure in NMD is based on a violation of the ventilation-perfusion ratio in the alveoli as a result of the development of hypoventilation due to restrictive disorders (namely, due to weakness of the respiratory muscles). Compensatory mechanisms eventually lead to an increase in the work on the affected respiratory muscles that leads to the formation of a vicious circle. The use of NIVL provides adequate ventilation of the lungs providing rest for the respiratory muscles. Like any other medical intervention NIVL has indications and contraindications, advantages and disadvantages that are described in this article. CONCLUSION: The use of NIVL helps to reduce the risk and frequency of respiratory complications, the number and duration of hospitalizations that significantly affects the prognosis and course of NMD as well as improves the quality of life and the level of adaptation of patients.

[Psychogenically induced narcolepsy]. / Psikhogenno-indutsirovannaia narkolepsiia.

Based on own clinical experience in diagnostics and treatment of 4 patients, the authors describe main clinical presentations of narcolepsy. A case report of a 20-year female patient with psychogenic narcolepsy induced by a conflict in the family is described in details. According to polysomnography and Multiple Sleep Latency Test, a reduction in latency to sleep is 22 sec - 3 min 30 sec and the time of occurrence of REM sleep is 7 min 30 sec. The diagnosis is made on the basis of diagnostic criteria of narcolepsy. On average, it takes about 7-10 years to diagnose narcolepsy that reduces the quality of life of patients and leads to social and household maladaptation. Physicians should be wary of early identification of this disease for dynamic monitoring, the appointment of symptomatic therapy, prevention of anxiety and depression and the generation of behavior algorithm in the patient and his relatives in order to maximize social and household adaptation.

[Sleep-disordered breathing in motor neuron disease]. / Rasstroistva dykhaniia vo sne pri bolezni dvigatel'nogo neirona.

AIM: To study sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in patients with motor neuron disease (MND). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ninety-two patients, 50 women and 42 men, were examined Median age was 62 [55; 67.5] years, MND duration 12 [8.9; 27.1] months. The control group consisted of 46 patients (26 men; 20 women). A portable polysomnographic study (PSG) (Polymate YH-1000C (BMC, China)) was conducted immediately after the diagnosis of MND, that is, at a relatively early stage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Significant changes in PSG in comparison with the control have been revealed. Significant differences were found between the results of PSG in MND patients with different disease onsets. The most vulnerable to the development of SDB were patients with bulbar onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Minimal SpO2, index of desaturation, duration of apnea can serve as markers for the analysis of SDB during screening studies based on established correlations.