Evidence for the cyclic CN2 carbene in the gas phase.

3-Halodiazirine-3-carboxylic acids (c-CN2XCOOH, X = Cl or Br) were prepared from their esters and converted to the corresponding sodium salts. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the carboxylate ions led exclusively to the loss of CO2 and the resulting c-CN2X(-) ions dissociated to c-CN2 carbene at low energies. The bond dissociation energy (BDE) for c-CN2Br(-) was found to be less than 8 kcal/mol using CID of the anion generated by electrospray ionization of the carboxylate. The analogous difluoro system (CF2XCOOH/CF2X(-)/CF2) exhibits similar dissociative behavior. All experimental BDEs are in very good agreement with MP4/aug-cc-pVTZ calculations.

Evidence for the cyclic CN2 carbene in solution.

Diazirinylidene (c-CN2) is formally the simplest of the N-heterocyclic carbenes. The intermediacy of this elusive species in the fragmentation of butyl 3-bromodiazirine-3-carboxylate (1a) with pent-4-en-1-ols and their sodium alkoxides in DMF is supported by the formation of 2-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptanes and dipentenoxymethanes. These products result from an intramolecular [2 + 1] cycloaddition and O-H insertion, respectively, of pentenoxymethylenes suggested to originate from the reaction of the electrophilic c-CN2 with an alkoxide ion. The reaction of 1a with primary or secondary amines in methanol affords the corresponding 3-bromodiazirine-3-carboxamides.