The relationship between physical activity and mental health of middle school students: the chain mediating role of negative emotions and self-efficacy.

Objective: To explore the relationship between mental health and physical activity (PA) in middle school students, and examining the roles of negative emotions and self-efficacy in the relationship. Methods: Data from 1,134 Chinese middle school students (50.2% females, 49.8% males; M age = 15.18, SDage = 2.00) were collected using the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Middle School Student Mental Health Scale (MSSMHS). Results: (1) There is a significant positive correlation between PA and mental health (r = 0.16, p < 0.01), and the direct path of PA on mental health is significant (t = 2.101, p < 0.01). (2) PA negatively predicts negative emotions (r = -0.12, p < 0.01), and is significantly positively correlated with self-efficacy (r = 0.24, p < 0.01). Negative emotions negatively predict self-efficacy (r = -0.23, p < 0.01) and mental health (r = -0.67, p < 0.01). Self-efficacy positively predicts mental health (r = 0.30, p < 0.01). (3) Negative emotions and self-efficacy play a significant mediating role between PA and mental health. The mediating effect includes three paths: PA → negative emotion → mental health (effect value: 0.130); PA → self-efficacy → mental health (effect size: 0.052); PA → negative emotions → self-efficacy → mental health (effect size: 0.006). Conclusion: PA among middle school students can indirectly affect mental health through negative emotions and self-efficacy. Middle school students should be encouraged to participate in PA to reduce their negative emotions and increase their self-efficacy, thus improving their mental health.

Structural characteristics of a purified Evodiae fructus polysaccharide and its gastroprotection and relevant mechanism against alcohol-induced gastric lesions in rats.

Evodiae fructus polysaccharide (EFP) has been previously shown to protect against alcohol-induced gastric lesions. However, which and how active fractions in EFP exert gastroprotection remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the structure of the purified fraction (EFP-2-1) of EFP, and investigate its gastroprotection and underlying mechanisms. EFP-2-1 was obtained through column chromatography, and was characterized using instrumental analytical techniques. Gastroprotective effect of EFP-2-1 was evaluated using alcohol-induced gastric lesions in rats, and its mechanism was explored through proteomics, metabolomics and diversity sequencing. Results showed that EFP-2-1 had a molecular weight of 7.3 kDa, and consisted mainly of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose. Its backbone contained HG and RG-I domains, and branched with →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, α-l-Araf-(1→ and →4)-ß-d-Galp-(1→ residues. EFP-2-1 reduced gastric lesions and the levels of MDA, TNF-α and IL-6, activated PPARγ, primarily altered protein digestion and absorption and bile secretion metabolic pathways, regulated gut microbiota like Faecalibaculum and Lachnoclostridium, and increased short-chain fatty acids production. Correlations were observed among the gut microbiota, metabolites and biochemical indexes influenced by EFP-2-1. These findings suggest that EFP-2-1 is an active fraction of EFP for protecting against alcohol-induced gastric lesions, which may be linked to PPARγ activation, gut microbiota and serum metabolism.

Surfactant-Assisted Regulation of WS2/Tourmaline Microstructures for Excellent Photocatalytic Performance.

The controllable electrical and optical properties of two-dimensional tungsten disulfide (WS2) attracted much attention in photocatalysis, but commercial development has been severely restricted by their restacking properties. Surfactant-assisted synthesis techniques can be considered as an effective option to break this bottleneck. In this work, the effect of surfactants including sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on the microstructure of WS2/tourmaline composites prepared by coupled hydrothermal and calcination methods was explored. The WS2 nanosheets were uniformly deposited on the tourmaline surface with the assistance of 1.0 mmol/L SDBS. Meanwhile, WS2/Tour-SDBS exhibited the highest rhodamine B (RhB) degradation activity, which was 1.8 and 2.3 times higher than that of photocatalysts prepared with CTAB and PVP under the same conditions, respectively. This study provides a new tactic for the fabrication of high-performance WS2-based composites.

Behavior Change Techniques Used in Self-Management Interventions Based on mHealth Apps for Adults With Hypertension: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension has become an important global public health challenge. Mobile health (mHealth) intervention is a viable strategy to improve outcomes for patients with hypertension. However, evidence on the effect of mHealth app interventions on self-management in patients with hypertension is yet to be updated, and the active ingredients promoting behavior change in interventions remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the effect of mHealth app self-management interventions on blood pressure (BP) management and investigate the use of behavior change techniques (BCTs) in mHealth app interventions. METHODS: We conducted a literature search in 6 electronic databases from January 2009 to October 2023 for studies reporting the application of mHealth apps in self-management interventions. The Cochrane Risk of Bias (version 2) tool for randomized controlled trials was used to assess the quality of the studies. BCTs were coded according to the Taxonomy of BCTs (version 1). The extracted data were analyzed using RevMan5.4 software (Cochrane Collaboration). RESULTS: We reviewed 20 studies, of which 16 were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 21 different BCTs (mean 8.7, SD 3.8 BCTs) from 12 BCT categories were reported in mHealth app interventions. The most common BCTs were self-monitoring of outcomes of behavior, feedback on outcomes of behavior, instruction on how to perform the behavior, and pharmacological support. The mHealth app interventions resulted in a -5.78 mm Hg (95% CI -7.97 mm Hg to -3.59 mm Hg; P<.001) reduction in systolic BP and a -3.28 mm Hg (95% CI -4.39 mm Hg to -2.17 mm Hg; P<.001) reduction in diastolic BP. The effect of interventions on BP reduction was associated with risk factors, such as hypertension, that were addressed by the mHealth app intervention (multiple risk factors vs a single risk factor: -6.50 mm Hg, 95% CI -9.00 mm Hg to -3.99 mm Hg vs -1.54 mm Hg, 95% CI -4.15 mm Hg to 1.06 mm Hg; P=.007); the presence of a theoretical foundation (with vs without behavior change theory: -10.06 mm Hg, 95% CI -16.42 mm Hg to -3.70 mm Hg vs -4.13 mm Hg, 95% CI -5.50 to -2.75 mm Hg; P=.07); intervention duration (3 vs ≥6 months: -8.87 mm Hg, 95% CI -10.90 mm Hg to -6.83 mm Hg vs -5.76 mm Hg, 95% CI -8.74 mm Hg to -2.77 mm Hg; P=.09); and the number of BCTs (≥11 vs <11 BCTs: -9.68 mm Hg, 95% CI -13.49 mm Hg to -5.87 mm Hg vs -2.88 mm Hg, 95% CI -3.90 mm Hg to -1.86 mm Hg; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The self-management interventions based on mHealth apps were effective strategies for lowering BP in patients with hypertension. The effect of interventions was influenced by factors related to the study's intervention design and BCT.

Dual-activity nanozyme as an oxygen pump to alleviate tumor hypoxia and enhance photodynamic/ NIR-II photothermal therapy for sniping oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the head and neck region, and its treatment is limited by hypoxia and inadequate oxygen supply. Continuous oxygen delivery combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the key to addressing this issue. Here, a dual-enzyme activity sea urchin-like Au@Pt-Ce6-HN-1 nanoplatform was designed to serve as an "oxygen pump" to alleviate tumor hypoxia for synergistic photodynamic/photothermal therapy (PTT). In this design, the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) is covalently linked to the Au@Pt nanozyme for PDT treatment. The Au@Pt nanozyme exhibits catalase-like activity, continuously decomposing H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment to enhance O2 levels, thereby achieving efficient PDT. Furthermore, Au@Pt can perform PTT and increase oxygen levels under NIR-II light to further promote PDT. The Au@Pt nanozyme also exhibits peroxidase-like activity, generating ·OH for chemodynamic therapy (CDT). Additionally, HN-1 guides the direction of "sniping" OSCC, and its high specificity benefits Au@Pt-Ce6-HN-1 at the tumor site. Au@Pt-Ce6-HN-1 exhibits bright fluorescence (FL), strong CT signal, and photothermal imaging capabilities, laying the foundation for subsequent guided PDT/PTT. This nanoplatform, which combines advantages such as continuous oxygen production, tumor targeting, and multimodal imaging, is expected to provide valuable insights into the treatment of OSCC. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment of OSCC are challenging. We report a dual-enzyme activity sea urchin-like Au@Pt-Ce6-HN-1 nanoplatform, serving as an "oxygen pump" to guide photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) for OSCC. This nanoplatform targets OSCC for preoperative CT diagnosis and offers fluorescence visualization for surgical navigation, demonstrating potential in clinical cancer detection and surgery guidance. This innovative approach addresses OSCC hypoxia and enhances treatment efficacy through continuous oxygen production, tumor targeting, and multimodal imaging, significantly improving patient outcomes in OSCC treatment.

The ultralow viscosity of volatile-rich kimberlite magma: Implications for the water content of primitive kimberlite melts.

The eruption of deeply sourced kimberlite magma offers the fastest route to bring deep-seated volatiles back to the Earth's surface. However, the viscosity of kimberlite magma, a factor governing its migration and eruption dynamics within Earth, remains poorly constrained. We conducted synchrotron in situ falling sphere viscometry experiments to examine kimberlite magma with different volatile contents (0 to 5 wt % H2O and 2 to 8 wt % CO2) under high pressure-temperature conditions. The results reveal that the viscosity of volatile-rich kimberlite magma is ~1 to 2 orders lower than that of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and comparable to the ultramobile pure carbonate melt. Using the measured viscosity values, we simulated the ascent and eruption process of kimberlite magma. We found that a minimum content of ~0.5 wt % water in the primitive magma is necessary to allow the ultrafast eruption process of kimberlite, thereby enabling the preservation of diamonds and high-pressure mineral inclusions transported by the magma.

Identification of a recessive gene RgM4G52 conferring red glume, stem, and rachis in a Triticum boeoticum mutant.

Anthocyanins are plant secondary metabolites belonging to the polyphenol class of natural water-soluble phytopigments. The accumulation of anthocyanins in different plant tissues can improve plant survival under adverse conditions. In addition, plants with the resulting colorful morphology can be utilized as landscape plants. Triticum boeoticum (syn. Triticum monococcum ssp. aegilopoides, 2n=2x=14, AbAb) serves as a valuable genetic resource for the improvement of its close relative common wheat in terms of enhancing resilience to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In our previous study, the EMS-mutagenized mutant Z2921 with a red glume, stem, and rachis was generated from T. boeoticum G52, which has a green glume, stem, and rachis. In this study, the F1, F2, and F2:3 generations of a cross between mutant-type Z2921 and wild-type G52 were developed. A single recessive gene, tentatively designated RgM4G52, was identified in Z2921 via genetic analysis. Using bulked segregant exome capture sequencing (BSE-Seq) analysis, RgM4G52 was mapped to chromosome 6AL and was flanked by the markers KASP-58 and KASP-26 within a 3.40-cM genetic interval corresponding to 1.71-Mb and 1.61-Mb physical regions in the Chinese Spring (IWGSC RefSeq v1.1) and Triticum boeoticum (TA299) reference genomes, respectively, in which seven and four genes related to anthocyanin synthesis development were annotated. Unlike previously reported color morphology-related genes, RgM4G52 is a recessive gene that can simultaneously control the color of glumes, stems, and rachis in wild einkorn. In addition, a synthetic Triticum dicoccum-T. boeoticum amphiploid Syn-ABAb-34, derived from the colchicine treatment of F1 hybrids between tetraploid wheat PI 352367 (T. dicoccum, AABB) and Z2921, expressed the red stems of Z2921. The flanking markers of RgM4G52 developed in this study could be useful for developing additional common wheat lines with red stems, laying the foundation for marker-assisted breeding and the fine mapping of RgM4G52.

Case report: Staged tension-reducing excision of giant acquired vulvar lymphangioma secondary to cervical cancer surgery.

Introduction: Acquired vulvar lymphangioma (AVL), a rare disease caused by the dilation of superficial lymphatic vessels secondary to deep lymphatic vessel injury, is characterized by a wide range of morphological diversity and massive exudate. This morphological heterogeneity has often led to misdiagnosis or non-diagnosis. The management of AVL presents a therapeutic challenge due to the absence of a standardized treatment protocol. Case presentation: A 53-year-old female patient, previously received surgical treatments for stage IIb cervical squamous cell carcinoma, presented with vulvar enlargement and copious amount of yellow exudate seven years post-treatment. Clinically, the patient exhibited chronic vulvar swelling, with easily-exudated nodules. The vulvar biopsy revealed lymphatic vessel dilation with lymphocyte infiltration, consistent with AVL. Due to the extensive lesions and severe exudate, staged excisions of bilateral vulvar lesions were performed at one-month intervals. Follow-up examinations of this patient for one-year post-surgery showed no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion: In this instance, AVL manifest secondary to cervical cancer surgery, as a result of damage to the deep lymphatic vessels of the vulva, with characteristic symptoms of copious amounts of exudate and vulvar lesions with diverse morphologies, which provides a cautionary note for physicians. Besides, the staged resection strategy in this case may offer insights into surgical treatment protocol for extensive AVL.

Unlocking the potential of methionine: a dietary supplement for preventing colitis.

The incidence rate of colitis and conversion of colitis into colorectal cancer is increasing. However, the results of drug treatments are inconsistent with variable side effects; therefore, it is necessary to find alternative ways of treating colitis, e.g. through dietary supplements. One such dietary supplement could be sulfur-containing amino acids, which are known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and gut microbiota homeostasis effects. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the effect of methionine supplementation in the diet of mice on experimental dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Here, 24 male C57BL/6J mice were split into three experimental treatment groups in such a way that each treatment group had four replicates and each replicate had two mice. The control group was colitis-free, while colitis was induced by the administration of DSS in the DSS groups. In the DSS and DSS plus methionine (DSS + Met) groups, DSS was provided in drinking water containing 3% DSS on days 1-5 and later provided with purified water on days 6-7. It was found that supplementing with methionine could activate pathways like Nrf2, and inhibit pathways like TLR4 and Nlrp3 to realize anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Moreover, methionine could alter the microbiota of the gut in the experimental mice, whereby exploration of the gut microbiota demonstrated that methionine supplementation in the diet increased the abundance of parabacteroides and the production of propionate and butyrate. The current study shows that the dietary prophylactic supplementation of methionine has a beneficial effect on resisting colitis, providing new insights for the prevention of colitis.

Exploring the impact of microfluidic chip structure on the efficacy of three-dimensional tumor microspheres cultivation.

Three-dimensional (3D) tumor microspheres can simulate the interaction and growth dynamics of tumor cells, and have been used as a new in vitro model for drug screening and tumor biology related research. The scaffold-free culture of 3D tumor microspheres on microfluidic chips has many advantages, including low cost, high throughput, convenience and flexibility. However, it is still unclear how various factors, such as chip structure, influence the culture effect of tumor microspheres. The lack of standardized evaluation and characterization of the culture effect hinders the further optimization and development of chip function. This study presents numerical simulations of multiple parts or processes of the proposed 3D culture chips with two different structural parameters based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. An evaluation system for tumor microspheres was established. The prediction of the CFD simulation was consistent with the culture results of the chips, reflecting the important role of the structural parameters of the microtrap in the formation of uniform tumor microspheres. Furthermore, the velocity of cell suspension also had a significant impact on the retention of tumor cells. Additionally, the drug screening results of tumor microspheres indicated that tumor microspheres exhibit greater drug resistance, which may be attributed to their size. These results offer valuable insights into the factors that influence the characteristics of tumor microspheres. This research provides a reference and direction for the optimal design and functional evaluation of scaffold-free 3D culture chips, and holds promise for promoting the development of novel drug research platforms.

Relationship between weight-adjusted-waist index and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between the weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI) and all-cause mortality as well as cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 and the UK Biobank database. Restricted cubic spline curves and Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality. RESULTS: In the UK Biobank database, compared with the lowest WWI quartile, the HR for all-cause and cardiovascular death in the highest quartile was 1.846 (95% CI 1.687-2.019) and 2.118 (95% CI 1.783-2.517), respectively, in the fully adjusted model. In the NHANES database, compared with the lowest WWI quartile, the highest quartile had an HR of 1.727 (95% CI 1.378-2.163) for all-cause death and 1.719 (95% CI 1.139-2.595) for cardiovascular death in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that WWI has a long-term synergistic negative impact on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. The WWI is an independent predictor of mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

An improved approach to generate IL-15+/+/TGFßR2-/- iPSC-derived natural killer cells using TALEN.

We present a TALEN-based workflow to generate and maintain dual-edited (IL-15+/+/TGFßR2-/-) iPSCs that produce enhanced iPSC-derived natural killer (iNK) cells for cancer immunotherapy. It involves using a cell lineage promoter for knocking in (KI) gene(s) to minimize the potential effects of expression of any exogenous genes on iPSCs. As a proof-of-principle, we KI IL-15 under the endogenous B2M promoter and show that it results in high expression of the sIL-15 in iNK cells but minimal expression in iPSCs. Furthermore, given that it is known that knockout (KO) of TGFßR2 in immune cells can enhance resistance to the suppressive TGF-ß signaling in the tumor microenvironment, we develop a customized medium containing Nodal that can maintain the pluripotency of iPSCs with TGFßR2 KO, enabling banking of these iPSC clones. Ultimately, we show that the dual-edited IL-15+/+/TGFßR2-/- iPSCs can be efficiently differentiated into NK cells that show enhanced autonomous growth and are resistant to the suppressive TGF-ß signaling.

Theory-Guided Design of Unconventional Phase Metal Heteronanostructures for Higher-Rate Stable Li-CO2 and Li-Air Batteries.

Lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO2) and Li-air batteries hold great potential in achieving carbon neutral given their ultrahigh theoretical energy density and eco-friendly features. However, these Li-gas batteries still suffer from low discharging-charging rate and poor cycling life due to sluggish decomposition kinetics of discharge products especially Li2CO3. Here we report the theory-guided design and preparation of unconventional phase metal heteronanostructures as cathode catalysts for high-performance Li-CO2/air batteries. The assembled Li-CO2 cells with unconventional phase 4H/face-centered cubic (fcc) ruthenium-nickel heteronanostructures deliver a narrow discharge-charge gap of 0.65 V, excellent rate capability and long-term cycling stability over 200 cycles at 250 mA g-1. The constructed Li-air batteries can steadily run for above 150 cycles in ambient air. Electrochemical mechanism studies reveal that 4H/fcc Ru-Ni with high-electroactivity facets can boost redox reaction kinetics and tune discharge reactions towards Li2C2O4 path, alleviating electrolyte/catalyst failures induced by the aggressive singlet oxygen from solo decomposition of Li2CO3.

Path planning optimization for swine manure-cleaning robots through enhanced slime mold algorithm with cellular automata.

One of the primary challenges for robotic manure cleaners in pig farming is to plan the shortest path to designated cleaning points under specified conditions with minimal processing cost and time, while avoiding collisions. However, pigs are randomly distributed in actual pig farms, which obstructs the robots' movement and complicates the rapid determination of optimal solutions. To address these issues, this study introduces the concept of interaction among cellular automaton cell neighborhoods and proposes the Cellular Automata Slime Mold Algorithm (CASMA). This enhanced slime mold algorithm accelerates convergence speed and improves search accuracy. To validate its effectiveness, CASMA was compared with four metaheuristic algorithms (ACO, FA, PSO, and WPA) through performance tests and simulated experiments. Results demonstrate that in complex pigsty environments with varying numbers of pigs, CASMA reduces average step consumption by 8.03%, 1.61%, 0.99%, and 4.26% compared with these algorithms and saves processing time by averages of 13.20%, 20.11%, 10.86%, and 6.4%, respectively. In addition, in dynamic obstacle experiments, CASMA achieved average time savings of 48.27% and 56.28% compared with A* and TS, respectively, while reducing step consumption. Overall, CASMA enhances the efficiency of manure-cleaning robots in pig farms, thereby improving animal welfare.

Ventral attention network connectivity is linked to cortical maturation and cognitive ability in childhood.

The human brain experiences functional changes through childhood and adolescence, shifting from an organizational framework anchored within sensorimotor and visual regions into one that is balanced through interactions with later-maturing aspects of association cortex. Here, we link this profile of functional reorganization to the development of ventral attention network connectivity across independent datasets. We demonstrate that maturational changes in cortical organization link preferentially to within-network connectivity and heightened degree centrality in the ventral attention network, whereas connectivity within network-linked vertices predicts cognitive ability. This connectivity is associated closely with maturational refinement of cortical organization. Children with low ventral attention network connectivity exhibit adolescent-like topographical profiles, suggesting that attentional systems may be relevant in understanding how brain functions are refined across development. These data suggest a role for attention networks in supporting age-dependent shifts in cortical organization and cognition across childhood and adolescence.

Severe hypoglycaemia-induced microglial inflammation damages microvascular endothelial cells, leading to retinal destruction.

Human microglia (HMC) are stress-induced inflammatory cells of the retina. It is unknown whether severe hypoglycaemia causes inflammation in microglia, affects the permeability of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), and causes retinal damage. This study aimed to explore the effects of severe hypoglycaemia on retinal microglial inflammation and endothelial cell permeability and evaluate the damage caused by hypoglycaemia to the retina. The CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability. Western blotting was used to detect IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF- α, claudin-1, and occludin expression. ELISA was used to detect IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF- α. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and haematoxylin and eosin staining were used to observe the retinal structure. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining assays were also used to detect IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF- α, claudin-1, and occludin expression. Severe hypoglycaemia promoted inflammation in HMC3 cells. Inflammation caused by hypoglycaemia leads to the decreased expression of tight junction proteins. In vivo, severe hypoglycaemia induced structural damage to the retina, increased the expression of inflammatory factors, and decreased the expression of tight junction proteins. Our results suggest that severe hypoglycaemia leads to acute retinal inflammation, affecting the permeability of HRMECs and causing retinal damage.

Association between all-cause mortality and vascular complications in U.S. adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (NHANES 1999-2018).

AIMS: The impact of macrovascular and microvascular complications, the common vascular complications of type 2 diabetes, on long-term mortality has been well evaluated, but the impact of different complications of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (diagnosed within the past 2 years) on long-term mortality has not been reported. We aimed to investigate the relationship between all-cause mortality and vascular complications in U.S. adults (aged ≥ 20 years) with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We used data from the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (NHANES). Cox proportional hazard models was used to assess hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 928 participants were enrolled in this study. At a mean follow-up of 10.8 years, 181 individuals died. In the fully adjusted model, the hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of all-cause mortality for individuals with any single complication compared with those with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes without complications was 2.24 (1.37, 3.69), and for individuals with two or more complications was 5.34 (3.01, 9.46).Co-existing Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) at baseline were associated with the highest risk of death (HR 6.07[2.92-12.62]), followed by CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR 4.98[2.79-8.89]) and CVD and DR (HR 4.58 [1.98-10.57]). CONCLUSION: The presence of single and combined diabetes complications exerts a long-term synergistic adverse impact on overall mortality in newly diagnosed U.S. adults with type 2 diabetes, underscoring the importance of comprehensive complication screening to enhance risk stratification and treatment.

Root Endophyte-Manipulated Alteration in Rhizodeposits Stimulates Claroideoglomus in the Rhizosphere to Enhance Drought Resistance in Peanut.

Drought dramatically affects plant growth and yield. A previous study indicated that endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambaris can improve the drought resistance of peanuts, which is related with the root arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community; however, how root endophytes mediate AMF assembly to affect plant drought resistance remains unclear. Here, we explored the mechanism by which endophytic fungus recruits AMF symbiotic partners via rhizodeposits to improve host drought resistance. The results showed that Ph. liquidambaris enhanced peanut drought resistance by enriching the AMF genus Claroideoglomus of the rhizosphere. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis indicated that Ph. liquidambaris significantly promoted isoformononetin and salicylic acid (SA) synthesis in rhizodeposits, which were correlated with the increase in Claroideoglomus abundance following Ph. liquidambaris inoculation. Coinoculation experiments confirmed that isoformononetin and SA could enrich Claroideoglomus etunicatum in the rhizosphere, thereby improving the drought resistance. This study highlights the crucial role of fungal consortia in plant stress resistance.

Oxygen-Binding Sites of Enriched Gold Nanoclusters for Capturing Mitochondrial Reverse Electrons.

Reverse electron transfer (RET), an abnormal backward flow of electrons from complexes III/IV to II/I of mitochondria, causes the overproduction of a reduced-type CoQ to boost downstream production of mitochondrial superoxide anions that leads to ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to organs. Herein, we studied low-coordinated gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with abundant oxygen-binding sites to form an electron-demanding trapper that allowed rapid capture of electrons to compensate for the CoQ/CoQH2 imbalance during RET. The AuNCs were composed of only eight gold atoms that formed a Cs-symmetrical configuration with all gold atoms exposed on the edge site. The geometry and atomic configuration enhance oxygen intercalation to attain a d-band electron deficiency in frontier orbitals, forming an unusually high oxidation state for rapid mitochondrial reverse electron capture under a transient imbalance of CoQ/CoQH2 redox cycles. Using hepatic IRI cells/animals, we corroborated that the CoQ-like AuNCs prevent inflammation and liver damage from IRI via recovery of the mitochondrial function.