Dermatological emergencies and determinants of hospitalization in Switzerland: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Dermatologic conditions are estimated to account worldwide for approximately 8% of all visits at emergency departments (EDs). Although rarely life-threatening, several dermatologic emergencies may have a high morbidity. Little is known about ED consultations of patients with dermatological emergencies and their subsequent hospital disposal. OBJECTIVE: We explore determinants and clinical variables affecting patients' disposal and hospitalization of people attending the ED at a Swiss University Hospital, over a 56-month observational period, for a dermatological problem. METHODS: De-identified patients' information was extracted from the hospital electronic medical record system. Generalized estimating equations were used to explore determinants of patient's disposition. RESULTS: Out of 5096 consecutive patients with a dermatological main problem evaluated at the ED, 79% of patients were hospitalized after initial assessment. In multivariable analyses, factors which were significantly associated with an increased admission rate included length of ED stay, age ≥ 45 years, male sex, distinct vital signs, high body mass index, low oxygen saturation, admission time in the ED and number and type of dermatological diagnoses. Only 2.2% of the hospitalized patients were admitted to a dermatology ward, despite the fact that they had dermatological diagnoses critically determining the diagnostic related group (DRG) payment. The number of patients managed by dermatologists during in-patient treatment significantly decreased over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Our study identifies a number of independent predictors affecting the risk of hospital admission for patients with dermatological conditions, which may be useful to improve patients' disposal in EDs. The results indicate that the dermatological specialty is becoming increasingly marginalized in the management of patients in the Swiss hospital setting. This trend may have significant implications for the delivery of adequate medical care, outcomes and cost-effectiveness. Dermatologists should be more engaged to better position their specialty and to effectively collaborate with nondermatologists to enhance patient care.

Impact of progesterone on skin and hair in menopause - a comprehensive review.

In clinical practice, micronized progesterone (MP) is frequently recommended to treat signs and symptoms of skin and hair aging in menopausal women. The aim of this comprehensive review was to evaluate whether topically or systemically applied MP may effectively prevent or slow down signs of skin and hair aging. Three out of six identified studies reported an impact of MP on skin aging markers in menopausal women. Of these, two studies reported a benefit: one for topically applied MP, another for systemically applied combined menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) comprising MP as progestogen for endometrial protection. Tolerability and safety of MP were good. However, there was no study investigating the impact of MP on menopausal scalp hair. In conclusion, delay of skin aging comprises lifestyle adjustment, antioxidants, and several esthetic procedures. In menopausal women, MHT displays beneficial effects on skin aging. There is poor quality but promising scientific evidence for MP displaying anti-aging skin effects in menopausal women. However, good quality studies are needed.

Linkage between patients' characteristics and prescribed systemic treatments for psoriasis: a semantic connectivity map analysis of the Swiss Dermatology Network for Targeted Therapies registry.

BACKGROUND: Several treatment options are currently available for the treatment of psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the main associations between patients' characteristics and systemic treatments prescribed for psoriasis in a large group of patients observed in real-life clinical practice. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of baseline data collected within the Swiss Dermatology Network for Targeted Therapies registry in Switzerland between March 2011 and December 2017. Semantic map analysis was used in order to capture the best associations between variables taking into account other covariates in the system. RESULTS: A total of 549 patients (mean age 46.7 ± 14.7 years) were included in the analysis. Conventional therapies such as retinoids and methotrexate were associated with no previous systemic therapies for psoriasis, a moderate quality of life (QoL) at therapy onset and older age (≥60 years). Fumaric acid derivatives were associated with mild psoriasis (psoriasis area severity index < 10) and long disease duration (≥20 years). On the other side, cyclosporine and psoralen and ultraviolet A/ultraviolet B treatments were linked to a more severe condition, including impaired QoL, hospitalization and inability to work. Regarding biological therapies, both infliximab and adalimumab were connected to the presence of psoriatic arthritis, severe disease condition and other comorbidities, including chronic liver or kidney diseases and tuberculosis. Etanercept, ustekinumab and secukinumab were all connected to a complex history of previous systemic treatments for psoriasis, moderate disease condition, overweight and university education. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis shows multifaceted associations between patients' characteristics, comorbidities, disease severity and systemic treatments prescribed for psoriasis. In particular, our semantic map indicates that comorbidities play a central role in decision-making of systemic treatments usage for psoriasis. Future studies should further investigate specific connections emerging from our data.

Treatment of sporadic port-wine stains: a retrospective review of 17 cases consecutively treated by pulsed sequential dual wavelength 595 and 1064 nm laser.

BACKGROUND: Port-wine stains (PWS) are relatively common and often cause cosmetic and psychological concerns. The pulsed dye laser is currently the treatment of choice for PWS. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of the pulsed sequential dual wavelength 595 and 1064 nm laser as first-line treatment for PWS and to identify prognostic factors for treatment outcome in a retrospective series of 17 consecutive previously untreated patients. METHODS: The response to treatment was evaluated 2 months after treatment utilizing comparative photographs and a standard physician global assessment (PGA) grading system. Furthermore, measurement of the normalized erythema index (NEI) reduction (ΔNEI%) was carried out using an image analysis system. The subjective improvement was assessed using a patient's satisfaction questionnaire. Multiple linear regression models were finally used to identify factors associated with ΔNEI% and patients' satisfaction. RESULTS: Seventeen patients, with PWS, including 12 children were included. The average PGA assessment was 2.5 ± 1.3 corresponding to an amelioration of 50% with a high intraclass correlation coefficient among the experts. The before-after NEI showed a statistically significant mean reduction of 3.5 ± 2.6 units, corresponding to a relative reduction of 31%. Questionnaires showed that the satisfaction was very good with an average score of 6.1 points on a scale ranging from -10 to 10 points. Multiple regression analysis revealed that location in the frontotemporal area was associated with a significant reduction in ΔNEI% (38.4%; 95% CI 4.3, 72.6). Presence of PWS on the neck was associated with a lower patient satisfaction (-3.7 points; 95% CI -6.5, -0.9). There were no significant side-effects, except for transient discomfort and purpura. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results obtained in the largest reported series so far, the pulsed sequential dual wavelength 595 and 1064 nm laser represents an effective and safe first-line therapeutic option for the treatment of PWS.