[The relevant role of caregivers of patients using opioid analgesics]. / El relevante papel de los cuidadores de pacientes usuarios de analgésicos opioides.

Aging is a global reality that is accompanied by an increase in polypharmacy. In this vital stage, caregivers emerge as relevant actors since their intervention impacts on the safety of the medication use process and on the quality of life of the patient they assist. As the knowledge about the treatments that caregivers supervise for the patient under their care conditions the health outcomes of the medications, the main objective of this study is to characterize the caregivers of patients who use opioid analgesics and to identify factors that increase the risk of the appearance of Medication Related Problems (DRP).The results reveal that the caregiver profile affects the health outcomes of this therapeutic group in both the prevalence and type of DRP. Of the 63 patients using opioid analgesics under pharmacotherapeutic follow-up during this study, 17 (27%) had caregivers. The caregiver in this study was predominantly female (61.1%).Considering DRP and kinship, a higher prevalence of DRP was observed when the caregivers were children or external personnel.Analyzing the pharmacotherapy of these caregivers, 4.8% have started antidepressant treatment, 3.2% hypnotic treatment after becoming caregivers of these patients. The Zarit Test reveals that 29.4% of the caregivers of these patients manifest overload.We conclude that Pharmaceutical Care should consider the opportunity and relevance of designing and implementing intervention and education protocols focused on caregivers.

[Pharmaceutical Interventions in Benzodiazepine users during the COVID-19 Pandemic]. / Intervenciones farmacéuticas en usuarios de benzodiacepinas durante la pandemia COVID-19.

Introduction: Pharmaceutical Intervention aims to optimize and rationalize the use, effectiveness, and safety of dispensed medications resolving drug-related problems (DRPs) and negative medicine outcomes (NMOs). Objectives: To evaluate Pharmaceutical Interventions in Benzodiazepines users during the COVID-19 pandemic from a Community Pharmacy. Method: Prospective observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study (AEMPS code: DAA-CLO-2020-01) of Pharmaceutical Interventions offered by the community pharmacy between August 2020 and February 2021. Results: A total of 306 Pharmaceutical Interventions were conducted involving 127 patients. Health education and personalized medication information were the most common Pharmaceutical Interventions after detecting a high level of unfamiliarity with the Benzodiazepines among patients. Pharmaceutical Interventions leading to medical referrals accounted for 37.8% of the total, triggered by the detection of DRPs and/or NMOs or after identifying the patient as candidate for deprescription. These referrals included patients with a very high level of depression according to the Euroqol 5D-3L test. Pharmaceutical Interventions resulting in Medication Review with Follow-up Service were performed in 3.1% of patients. The patient acceptance rate of Pharmaceutical Interventions reached 98.4%. Conclusions: The high acceptance rate of Pharmaceutical Interventions reinforces the value of Community Pharmacy in optimizing and rationalizing Benzodiazepines usage, while strengthening the pharmacist-patient relationship. The COVID-19 pandemic posed challenges to pharmacist-physician collaboration despite of the availability of telecommunication protocols among healthcare professionals.

Risk Characterization in Patients Using Benzodiazepines While Providing Pharmaceutical Care Dispensing Service.

BACKGROUND: Tolerance and dependence stand out as the most relevant risks observed during benzodiazepine (BZD) treatments. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the degree of dependence of patients on BZD treatments using the Tyrer test; to define a profile of patients at risk of developing BZD dependence; and to discuss the role of the pharmaceutical care offered by the community pharmacy during dispensing. METHODS: Prospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study (August 2020-February 2021) involving 127 patients using BZD. They voluntarily answered a questionnaire during the dispensing pharmaceutical care service. The study was evaluated and codified (code: DAA-CLO-2020-01) by the Spanish Agency for Drugs and Health Products (AEMPS), and statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 25.0. RESULTS: 19.05% of patients using BZD were suspected of suffering from BZD tolerance, and 77.88% of all patients were identified as being at a high risk of BZD dependence. The Tyrer test for dependence indicated a mean score of 5.59 out of 13 points. An 18-fold increased risk of developing dependence was detected in the case of coexistence of high anxiety or depression. CONCLUSIONS: The community pharmacy, through protocolized care practices and supported by tools such as the Tyrer test, can play a decisive role in the detection, prevention, and resolution of the risks associated with BZD treatments.

Cumplimiento del registro clínico electrónico acorde al modelo del cuidado de enfermería / Compliance with the electronic clinical record according to the nursing care model

Introducción: los registros clínicos de enfermería se realizan de acuerdo con las normas establecidas y conforme a la estructura del modelo del cuidado, de lo contrario se incurre en omisión. Objetivo: evaluar el cumplimiento del registro clínico electrónico acorde al modelo del cuidado de enfermería. Metodología: estudio transversal, retrospectivo, documental. El universo constó de los registros que realizó el personal de enfermería en el expediente electrónico. La muestra fue de 1658 expedientes. Resultados: El cumplimiento del registro clínico electrónico fue de 69%. Hubo mayor cumplimiento en el turno matutino (75%) y en hospitalización (74%). Indicadores como fortaleza y debilidad fueron habitus exterior (95%) y consulta de planes de cuidado de enfermería y guías de práctica clínica (15%). Conclusión: El nivel de cumplimiento del registro clínico electrónico permite intervenir sobre las áreas de oportunidad identificadas y fortalecer el apego a modelos del cuidado.

Introduction: Nursing clinical records are made according to the established norms and according to the structure of the care model, otherwise there is an omission. Objective: To evaluate compliance with the electronic clinical record according to the nursing care model. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective, documentary study. Universe: records made by the nursing staff in the electronic file. Sample n = 1658 files. Results: Compliance with the electronic clinical record was 69%. There was greater compliance in the morning shift with 75% and hospitalization 74%. Indicators such as strength and weakness were outward habits (95%) and consultation of nursing care plans and clinical practice guidelines (15%). Conclusion: The level of compliance with the electronic clinical record allows to intervene in areas of opportunity and strengthen adherence to models of care.