RESUMEN
(1) Background: A premature termination codon (PTC) can be induced by a type of point mutation known as a nonsense mutation, which occurs within the coding region. Approximately 3.8% of human cancer patients have nonsense mutations of p53. However, the non-aminoglycoside drug PTC124 has shown potential to promote PTC readthrough and rescue full-length proteins. The COSMIC database contains 201 types of p53 nonsense mutations in cancers. We built a simple and affordable method to create different nonsense mutation clones of p53 for the study of the PTC readthrough activity of PTC124. (2) Methods: A modified inverse PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis method was used to clone the four nonsense mutations of p53, including W91X, S94X, R306X, and R342X. Each clone was transfected into p53 null H1299 cells and then treated with 50 µM of PTC124. (3) Results: PTC124 induced p53 re-expression in H1299-R306X and H1299-R342X clones but not in H1299-W91X and H1299-S94X clones. (4) Conclusions: Our data showed that PTC124 more effectively rescued the C-terminal of p53 nonsense mutations than the N-terminal of p53 nonsense mutations. We introduced a fast and low-cost site-directed mutagenesis method to clone the different nonsense mutations of p53 for drug screening.
RESUMEN
The members of the p53 family comprise p53, p63, and p73, and full-length isoforms of the p53 family have a tumor suppressor function. However, p53, but not p63 or p73, has a high mutation rate in cancers causing it to lose its tumor suppressor function. The top and second-most prevalent p53 mutations are missense and nonsense mutations, respectively. In this review, we discuss possible drug therapies for nonsense mutation and a missense mutation in p53. p63 and p73 activators may be able to replace mutant p53 and act as anti-cancer drugs. Herein, these p63 and p73 activators are summarized and how to improve these activator responses, particularly focusing on p53 gain-of-function mutants, is discussed.