Association of self-reported and objective sleep disturbance with the spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux disease.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is complex. We aimed to determine the association of self-reported and objective sleep parameters with diverse manifestations of the GERD spectrum. METHODS: We prospectively recruited 561 individuals who underwent an electrocardiogram-based cardiopulmonary coupling for OSA screening during a health check-up. All participants received the Reflux Disease Questionnaire and an upper endoscopy to determine the presence of troublesome reflux symptoms and erosive esophagitis (EE). Sleep quality was evaluated by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and sleep dysfunction was defined as a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score > 5. OSA was defined as a cardiopulmonary coupling-derived apnea-hypopnea index exceeding 15 events/h. Comparisons were made between participants on the GERD spectrum with respect to their various self-reported and objective sleep parameters. RESULTS: Among the 277 patients with GERD (49.4%), 198 (35.3%) had EE. Patients with GERD had higher PSQI scores (6.99 ± 3.97 vs 6.07 ± 3.73, P = .005) and a higher prevalence of sleep dysfunction (60.6% vs 49.6%, P = .009). Patients with EE had a higher prevalence of OSA (42.9% vs 33.9%, P = .034). Along the GERD spectrum, symptomatic patients with EE had the highest PSQI scores and prevalence of sleep dysfunction (70.7%), while asymptomatic patients with EE had the highest prevalence of OSA (44%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of sleep dysfunction among individuals with GERD. Furthermore, patients on the GERD spectrum are prone to experiencing a range of self-reported and objective sleep disturbances. CITATION: Hu K-Y, Tseng P-H, Hsu W-C, et al. Association of self-reported and objective sleep disturbance with the spectrum of gastroesophageal reflux disease. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(6):911-920.

Adaptive filtering and smoothing algorithm based on variable structure interactive multiple model.

For maneuvering target tracking, a novel adaptive variable structure interactive multiple model filtering and smoothing (AVSIMMFS) algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an accurate model of the variable structure interactive multiple model algorithm is established. Secondly, by constructing a new model subset based on the original model subsets, the matching accuracy between the model subset and the actual maneuvering mode of the target is improved. Then, the AVSIMMFS algorithm is obtained by smoothing the filtered data of the new model subset. Because of the combination of forward filtering and backward smoothing, the target tracking accuracy is further improved. Finally, in order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, the simulation is carried out on two cases. The simulation results show that the tracking performance of AVSIMMFS algorithm is better than other methods and has lower calculation cost.

Bionic adaptive fault-tolerant control of non-Gaussian stochastic attitude hypersonic vehicle.

This study investigates an adaptive fault-tolerant control (FTC) for hypersonic flight vehicles (HFVs) with incipient faults and non-Gaussian stochastic output attitudes. In the nonlinear HFV dynamics, a hybrid fuzzy approximation method achieves the linearization, then the stochastic outputs are transformed into probability density functions (PDFs) via rational square root B-spline. The disturbance and faults are estimated simultaneously by an adaptive augmented observer. Then actuator faults are compensated by an bionic adaptive fault-tolerant controller to ensure that the output PDFs accurately track the expected PDFs, thereby matching actual attitude angles with the desired ones, the bionic prey adaptive law can make FTC accurately repair the incipient fault deviations. Lyapunov theory proves the robust stability of the scheme, and simulation illustrates the effectiveness.

Adaptive Sliding Mode Fault Compensation for Sensor Faults of Variable Structure Hypersonic Vehicle.

This paper investigates the sensor fault detection and fault-tolerant control (FTC) technology of a variable-structure hypersonic flight vehicle (HFV). First, an HFV nonlinear system considering sensor compound faults, disturbance, and the variable structure parameter is established, which is divided into the attitude angle outer and angular rate inner loops. Then a nonlinear fault integrated detector is proposed to detect the moment of fault occurrence and provide the residual to design the sliding mode equations. Furthermore, the sliding mode method combined with the virtual adaptive controller constitutes the outer loop FTC scheme, and the adaptive dynamic surface combined with the disturbance estimation constitutes the inner loop robust controller; these controllers finally realize the direct compensation of the compound sensor faults under the disturbance condition. This scheme does not require fault isolation and diagnosis observer loops; it only uses a variable structure FTC with a direct estimation algorithm and integrated residual to complete the self-repairing stable flight of variable-structure HFV, which exhibits a high reliability and quick response. Lyapunov theory proved the stability of the system, and numerical simulation proved the effectiveness of the FTC scheme.