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Riemerella anatipestifer is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is flagellated, non-budded, and encapsulated, measuring approximately 0.4 µm × 0.7 µm. After infecting ducklings with R. anatipestifer, the hosts exhibited pathological changes, such as bacterial meningitis, fibrinous pericarditis, and fibrinous peripheral hepatitis. The pathogenesis of meningitis caused by R. anatipestifer has not yet been elucidated. To investigate the key molecules or proteins involved in R. anatipestifer's penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the subsequent development of duck meningitis, a duck meningitis model was established and characterized. Duckling brain tissues were collected and analyzed using 4D label-free proteomic technology. Differentially expressed proteins were analyzed using a series of bioinformatics methods and verified using RT-qPCR and Western-Blot. The results showed that the differentially expressed proteins were primarily related to intracellular transport, transport protein activity, and transmembrane transport protein activity, and were mainly enriched in pathways associated with reducing intercellular connections and adhesion and increasing cell migration and apoptosis. Thus, it is suggested that R. anatipestifer may penetrate the BBB via transcellular and paracellular pathways, causing neurological diseases such as meningitis. This study is the first to analyze R. anatipestifer-infected duckling brain tissue using proteomics, thus providing a direction for further research into the mechanisms of R. anatipestifer's penetration of the BBB.
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Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic value of a non-contact optical fiber mattress for apnea and hypopnea and compare it with traditional polysomnography (PSG) in adult obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods: To determine the value of a non-contact optical fiber mattress for apnea and hypopnea, six healthy people and six OSAHS patients were selected from Tongji Hospital to design a program to identify apnea or hypopnea. A total of 108 patients who received polysomnography for drowsiness, snoring or other suspected OSAHS symptoms. All 108 patients were monitored with both the non-contact optical fiber mattress and PSG were collected. Results: Six healthy controls and six patients with OSAHS were included. The mean apnea of the six healthy controls was 1.22 times/h, and the mean hypopnea of the six healthy controls was 2 times/h. Of the six patients with OSAHS, the mean apnea was 12.63 times/h, and the mean hypopnea was 19.25 times/h. The non-contact optical fiber mattress results showed that the mean apnea of the control group was 3.17 times/h and the mean hypopnea of the control group was 3.83 times/h, while the mean apnea of the OSAHS group was 11.95 times/h and the mean hypopnea of the OSAHS group was 17.77 times/h. The apnea index of the non-contact optical fiber mattress was positively correlated with the apnea index of the PSG (P < 0.05, r = 0.835), and the hypopnea index of the non-contact optical fiber mattress was also positively correlated with the hypopnea index of the PSG (P < 0.05, r = 0.959). The non-contact optical fiber mattress had high accuracy (area under curve, AUC = 0.889), specificity (83.4%) and sensitivity (83.3%) for the diagnosis of apnea. The non-contact fiber-optic mattress also had high accuracy (AUC = 0.944), specificity (83.4%) and sensitivity (100%) for the diagnosis of hypopnea. Among the 108 patients enrolled, there was no significant difference between the non-contact optical fiber mattress and the polysomnography monitor in total recording time, apnea hypopnea index (AHI), average heart rate, tachycardia index, bradycardia index, longest time of apnea, average time of apnea, longest time of hypopnea, average time of hypopnea, percentage of total apnea time in total sleep time and percentage of total hypopnea time in total sleep time. The AHI value of the non-contact optical fiber mattress was positively correlated with the AHI value of the PSG (P < 0.05, r = 0.713). The specificity and sensitivity of the non-contact optical fiber mattress AHI in the diagnosis of OSAHS were 95% and 93%, with a high OSAHS diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.984). Conclusion: The efficacy of the non-contact optical fiber mattress for OSAHS monitoring was not significantly different than PSG monitoring. The specificity of the non-contact optical mattress for diagnosing OSAHS was 95% and its sensitivity was 93%, with a high OSAHS diagnostic accuracy.
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Fibras Ópticas , Polisomnografía , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño , Humanos , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/diagnóstico , Masculino , Polisomnografía/instrumentación , Polisomnografía/métodos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Lechos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , AncianoRESUMEN
In nature, structural and functional materials often form programmed three-dimensional (3D) assembly to perform daily functions, inspiring researchers to engineer multifunctional 3D structures. Despite much progress, a general method to fabricate and assemble a broad range of materials into functional 3D objects remains limited. Herein, to bridge the gap, we demonstrate a freeform multimaterial assembly process (FMAP) by integrating 3D printing (fused filament fabrication (FFF), direct ink writing (DIW)) with freeform laser induction (FLI). 3D printing performs the 3D structural material assembly, while FLI fabricates the functional materials in predesigned 3D space by synergistic, programmed control. This paper showcases the versatility of FMAP in spatially fabricating various types of functional materials (metals, semiconductors) within 3D structures for applications in crossbar circuits for LED display, a strain sensor for multifunctional springs and haptic manipulators, a UV sensor, a 3D electromagnet as a magnetic encoder, capacitive sensors for human machine interface, and an integrated microfluidic reactor with a built-in Joule heater for nanomaterial synthesis. This success underscores the potential of FMAP to redefine 3D printing and FLI for programmed multimaterial assembly.
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Cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) have been widely found in various types of environmental media and attracted increasing attention as new pollutants. However, there is still a great challenge in the accurate quantification of trace cVMS, due to their volatility, and the high background originating from GC/MS accessories and surroundings. In this work, the main sources of the high background were investigated in detail for octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), decmethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) and dodecmethylcyclohexosiloxane (D6). Several effective measures were employed to minimize these backgrounds, including the delayed injection method to minimize the interference from the injection septum. Then, a GC-MS method was developed for the accurate determination of D4, D5 and D6, with a linear range of 2 - 200 µg/L. The coefficient of determination was 0.9982-0.9986, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.40-0.52 µg/L, and the quantitative range was 1.88-190 µg/L. Good reproducibility and recovery were obtained, indicating the reliability of the established analytical method.
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Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Límite de Detección , Siloxanos , Siloxanos/análisis , Siloxanos/química , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Volatilización , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among adolescents have emerged as a significant public health concern worldwide, however, there is little investigation on the impact of unhealthy behaviors on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide attempt (SA). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of seven unhealthy behaviors as well as their associations with NSSI, SI and SA, and to explore whether the aforementioned associations differ across sex. METHODS: A total of 74,152 adolescents were included in this study via a multi-stage, stratified cluster, random sampling method in 2021. Information about unhealthy behaviors (insufficient physical activity, current smoking, current drinking, excessive screen time, long homework time, insufficient sleep and unhealthy BMI), NSSI, SI, SA and other demographics was collected. Sampling weights were used to estimate the prevalence, and the weighted logistic regression models were performed. Stratified analyses by sex and sensitive analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Overview, the weighted prevalence of adolescents had more than five unhealthy behaviors were 5.2%, with boys showing a higher prevalence than girls (6.5% vs.3.8%). Current smoking, current drinking, excessive screen use, long homework time, insufficient sleep, and unhealthy BMI were significantly associated with NSSI, SI and SA. Moreover, adolescents with high lifestyle risk scores were associated with an increased risk of NSSI (5-7 vs. 0: OR 6.38, 95% CI 5.24-7.77), SI (5-7 vs. 0: OR 7.67, 95% CI 6.35-9.25), and SA (5-7 vs. 0: OR 9.57, 95% CI 6.95-13.17). Significant sex differences were found in the associations of unhealthy behaviors with NSSI, SI and SA. CONCLUSION: Unhealthy behaviors are quite common among Chinese adolescents. Adolescents with multiple unhealthy behaviors are associated with increased risks of NSSI, SI, and SA. The implementation of school and family-based interventions to promote healthy lifestyles is recommended as a preventive measure against self-injurious behavior and suicidality in adolescents.
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OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic performance of intratumoral and peritumoral features from different contrast phases of breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) by building radiomics models for differentiating molecular subtypes of breast cancer. METHODS: This retrospective study included 377 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer. Patients were divided into training set (n = 202), validation set (n = 87) and test set (n = 88). The intratumoral volume of interest (VOI) and peritumoral VOI were delineated on primary breast cancers at three different DCE-MRI contrast phases: early, peak, and delayed. Radiomics features were extracted from each phase. After feature standardization, the training set was filtered by variance analysis, correlation analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection (LASSO). Using the extracted features, a logistic regression model based on each tumor subtype (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, triple-negative) was established. Ten models based on intratumoral or/plus peritumoral features from three different phases were developed for each differentiation. RESULTS: Radiomics features extracted from delayed phase DCE-MRI demonstrated dominant diagnostic performance over features from other phases. However, the differences were not statistically significant. In the full fusion model for differentiating different molecular subtypes, the most frequently screened features were those from the delayed phase. According to the Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) method, the most important features were also identified from the delayed phase. CONCLUSIONS: The intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features from the delayed phase of DCE-MRI can provide additional information for preoperative molecular typing. The delayed phase of DCE-MRI cannot be ignored. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Radiomics features extracted and radiomics models constructed from the delayed phase of DCE-MRI played a crucial role in molecular subtype classification, although no significant difference was observed in the test cohort. KEY POINTS: The molecular subtype of breast cancer provides a basis for setting treatment strategy and prognosis. The delayed-phase radiomics model outperformed that of early-/peak-phases, but no differently than other phases or combinations. Both intra- and peritumoral radiomics features offer valuable insights for molecular typing.
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Ultrasonic microneedle patches, a class of ultrasound-driven transdermal drug delivery systems, are promising in addressing bacterial biofilms. This device has been proven to be more effective in treating Staphylococcus aureus biofilms than drug in free solution. However, there exists a notable gap in understanding how various excitation conditions and material parameters affect drug delivery efficiency. This study aims to fill this void by conducting an comprehensive multi-physics numerical analysis of ultrasonic microneedle patches, with the ultimate goal of enhancing drug delivery. First, we investigate the impact of various ultrasound frequencies on drug penetration depths. The findings reveal that local resonance can accelerate drug release within a shorter time window (first 1.5 h), whereas non-resonant frequencies enable more profound and prolonged diffusion. This information is crucial for medical professionals in selecting the most effective frequency for optimal drug administration. Furthermore, our investigation extends to the effects of applied voltage on temperature distribution, a critical aspect for ensuring medical safety during the application of these patches. Additionally, we examine how particles of different sizes respond to acoustic pressure and streaming fields, providing valuable insights for tailoring drug delivery strategies to specific therapeutic needs. Overall, our findings offer comprehensive guidelines for the effective use of ultrasonic microneedle patches, potentially shifting the paradigm in patient care and enhancing the overall quality of life.
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Biopelículas , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Agujas , Staphylococcus aureus , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/instrumentación , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiología , Ondas Ultrasónicas , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Administración CutáneaRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Accurate identification of old rice samples from new ones benefits their market circulation and consumers. However, the current detection methods are still not satisfactory because of their insufficient accuracy or (and) time-consuming process. METHODS: Chelating carboxylic acids (CCAs) were selectively extracted from rice, by stirring with chelating resin and a dilute Na2CO3 solution. The green analytical chemistry guidelines for sample preparation were investigated by using the green chemistry calculator AGREE prep. The extractant was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS), and statistical analysis of the analytical data was carried out to evaluate the significance of the difference by ChiPlot. RESULTS: The limit of quantitation for the CCAs is in the range of 1 to 50 ng/mL, with a reasonable reproducibility. The CCAs in 23 rice samples were determined within a wide concentration range from 0.03 to 1174 µg/g. Intriguingly, the content of citric acid, malonic acid, α-ketoglutaric acid and cis-aconite acid in new rice was each found to be distinctively higher than that in old rice by several times. Even mixtures of old and new rice were found to show much difference in the concentration of citric acid and malic acid. CONCLUSION: A green analytical method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of CCAs by LC/MS analysis, and the identification of old rice samples from new ones was easily carried out according to their CCA content for the first time. The results indicated that the described method has powerful potential for the accurate identification of old rice samples from new ones.
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Cromatografía Líquida con Espectrometría de Masas , Oryza , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Ácidos Carboxílicos , Oryza/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ácido Cítrico , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Extracción en Fase SólidaRESUMEN
The major liver cancer subtype is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies have indicated that a better prognosis is related to the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in HCC. However, the molecular pathways that drive immune cell variation in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remain poorly understood. Glycosylation (GLY)-related genes have a vital function in the pathogenesis of numerous tumors, including HCC. This study aimed to develop a GLY/TME classifier based on glycosylation-related gene scores and tumor microenvironment scores to provide a novel prognostic model to improve the prediction of clinical outcomes. The reliability of the signatures was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and survival analyses and was verified with external datasets. Furthermore, the correlation between glycosylation-related genes and other cells in the immune environment, the immune signature of the GLY/TME classifier, and the efficacy of immunotherapy were also investigated. The GLY score low/TME score high subgroup showed a favorable prognosis and therapeutic response based on significant differences in immune-related molecules and cancer cell signaling mechanisms. We evaluated the prognostic role of the GLY/TME classifier that demonstrated overall prognostic significance for prognosis and therapeutic response before treatment, which may provide new options for creating the best possible therapeutic approaches for patients.
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The intracellular pathway of Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) and modification of nucleosome histone marks regulate the expression of proinflammatory mediators, playing an essential role in carcinogenesis, antiviral immunity and the interaction of host proteins with Herpesviral particles. The pathway has also been suggested to play a vital role in the clinical course of the acute infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARSCoV2; known as coronavirus infection2019), a novel human coronavirus initially identified in the central Chinese city Wuhan towards the end of 2019, which evolved into a pandemic affecting nearly two million people worldwide. The infection mainly manifests as fever, cough, myalgia and pulmonary involvement, while it also attacks multiple viscera, such as the liver. The pathogenesis is characterized by a cytokine storm, with an overproduction of proinflammatory mediators. Innate and adaptive host immunity against the viral pathogen is exerted by various effectors and is regulated by different signaling pathways notably the JAK/STAT. The elucidation of the underlying mechanism of the regulation of mediating factors expressed in the viral infection would assist diagnosis and antiviral targeting therapy, which will help overcome the infection caused by SARSCoV2.
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COVID-19 , Herpesviridae , Humanos , Carcinogénesis , Herpesviridae/metabolismo , Quinasas Janus/metabolismo , SARS-CoV-2/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción STAT/metabolismoRESUMEN
Starvation therapy is an innovative approach in cancer treatment aimed at depriving cancer cells of necessary resources by impeding tumor angiogenesis or blocking the energy supply. In addition to the commonly observed anaerobic glycolysis energy supply mode, adipocyte-rich tumor tissue triggers the fatty acid energy supply pathway, which fuels the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells. To completely disrupt these dual-energy-supply pathways, we developed an exceptional nanoreactor. This nanoreactor consisted of yolk-shell mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (YSMONs) loaded with a fatty acid transport inhibitor (Dox), conjugated with a luminal breast-cancer-specific targeting aptamer, and integrated with a glucose oxidation catalyst (GOx). Upon reaching cancer cells with the assistance of the aptamer, the nanoreactor underwent a structural collapse of the shell triggered by the high concentration of glutathione within cancer cells. This collapse led to the release of GOx and Dox, achieving targeted delivery and exhibiting significant efficacy in starving therapy. Additionally, the byproducts of glucose metabolism, gluconic acid and H2O2, enhanced the acidity and reactive oxygen species levels of the intracellular microenvironment, inducing oxidative damage to cancer cells. Simultaneously, released Dox acted as a potent broad-spectrum anticancer drug, inhibiting the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A and exerting marked effects. Combining these effects ensures high anticancer efficiency, and the "dual-starvation" nanoreactor has the potential to establish a novel synergistic therapy paradigm with considerable clinical significance. Furthermore, this approach minimizes damage to normal organs, making it highly valuable in the field of cancer treatment.
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Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias de la Mama , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Glutatión , Ácidos Grasos , Nanopartículas/química , Neoplasias/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for the rapid detection of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). METHODS: We developed and validated a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detecting the most common Candida species associated with VVC, including C. albicans, N. glabratus, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. We evaluated the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and Kappa value of the LAMP method to detect different Candida species, using the conventional culture method and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing as gold standards and smear Gram staining and real-time Rolymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) as controls. RESULTS: A total of 202 cases were enrolled, of which 88 were VVC-positive and 114 were negative. Among the 88 positive patients, the fungal culture and ITS sequencing results showed that 67 cases (76.14%) were associated with C. albicans, 13 (14.77%) with N. glabratus, 5 (5.68%) with C. tropicalis, and 3 (3.41%) with other species. Regarding the overall detection rate, the LAMP method presented sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and Kappa values of 90.91%, 100%, 100%, 93.4%, and 0.919, respectively. Moreover, the LAMP had a specificity of 100% for C. albicans, N. glabratus, and C. tropicalis, with a sensitivity of 94.03%, 100%, and 80%, respectively. Moreover, the microscopy evaluation had the highest sensitivity, while the real-time PCR was less specific for C. albicans than LAMP. In addition, CHROMagar Candida was inferior to LAMP in detecting non-albicans Candida (NAC) species. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the cost-effective, rapid, and inexpensive characteristics of LAMP, coupled with the high sensitivity and specificity of our VVC-associated Candida detection method, we provided a possibility for the point-of-care testing (POCT) of VVC, especially in developing countries and some laboratories with limited resources.
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Cervical cancer is a significant global health issue primarily caused by high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Recent studies have reported an association between Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) infections and HPV infections, highlighting the importance of simultaneously detecting these pathogens for effective cervical cancer risk management. However, current methods for detecting both T. vaginalis and HPV are limited. In this study, we present a novel approach using a microfluidic-chip-based system with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the rapid and parallel detection of T. vaginalis, HPV16, HPV18, and HPV52 in a reagent-efficient and user-friendly manner. Compared to conventional LAMP assays in tubes, our system exhibits enhanced sensitivity with values of 2.43 × 101, 3.00 × 102, 3.57 × 101, and 3.60 × 102 copies per reaction for T. vaginalis, HPV16, HPV18, and HPV52, respectively. Additionally, we validated the performance of our chip by testing 47 clinical samples, yielding results consistent with the diagnostic methods used by the hospital. Therefore, our system not only offers a promising solution for concurrent diagnosis of T. vaginalis and HPV infections, particularly in resource-limited areas, due to its cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and rapid and accurate detection performance, but can also contribute to future research on the co-infection of these two pathogens. Moreover, the system possesses the capability to simultaneously detect up to 22 different types of pathogens, making it applicable across a wide range of domains such as diagnostics, food safety, and water monitoring.
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Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Trichomonas vaginalis , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Femenino , Humanos , Trichomonas vaginalis/genética , Virus del Papiloma Humano , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Microfluídica , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Papillomavirus Humano 16 , Papillomavirus Humano 18/genéticaRESUMEN
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high incidence and cancer mortality worldwide. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins have a great impact on protein function. Almost all proteins can undergo PTMs, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, and so on. Many studies have shown that PTMs are related to the occurrence and development of cancers. The findings provide novel therapeutic targets for cancers, such as glypican-3 and mucin-1. Other clinical implications are also found in the studies of PTMs. Diagnostic or prognostic value, and response to therapy have been identified. In HCC, it has been shown that glycosylated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has a higher detection rate for early liver cancer than conventional AFP. In this review, we mainly focused on the diagnostic and prognostic value of PTM, in order to provide new insights into the clinical implication of PTM in HCC.
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Topological pumping allows waves to navigate a sample undisturbed by disorders and defects. We demonstrate this phenomenon with elastic surface waves by strategically patterning an elastic surface to create a synthetic dimension. The surface is decorated with arrays of resonating pillars that are connected by spatially slow-varying coupling bridges and support eigenmodes located below the sound cone. We establish a connection between the collective dynamics of the pillars and that of electrons in a magnetic field by developing a tight-binding model and a WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) analysis. This enables us to predict the topological pumping pattern, which we validate through numerical and experimental steering of waves from one edge to the other. Furthermore, we observe the immune nature of the topologically pumped surface waves to disorder and defects. The combination of surface patterning and WKB analysis provides a versatile platform for controlling surface waves and exploring topological matter in higher dimensions.
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Development of reversible wet or underwater adhesives remains a grand challenge. Because weakened intermolecular interactions by water molecules or/and low effective contact area cause poor interface to the wet surfaces, which significantly decreases adhesive strength. Herein, a new photocured, bio-based shape memory polymer (SMP) that shows both chemical and structural wet adhesion to various types of surfaces is developed. The SMP is polymerized from three monomers mainly from bio-sources to form linear polymer chains dangled with hydrophobic side chains. The hydrogen acceptor and donor groups in the chains form hydrogen bonding with the surfaces, which is protected by the hydrophobic chains in the interface. The SMP shows tunable phase transition temperature (Tg) of 17-38 °C. In a rubbery state above Tg, the adhesive forms conformable contact with the targeted surfaces. Below Tg, a transition to a glassy state locks the conformed shapes to largely increase the effective contact area. As a result, the adhesive exhibits long-term underwater adhesion of > 15 days with the best adhesion strength of ~ 0.9 MPa. Its applications in leak repair, underwater on-skin sensors were demonstrated. This new, general strategy would pave avenues to designing bio-based, long-lasting, and reversible adhesives from renewable feedstocks for widespread applications.
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Invar36 alloy is a low expansion alloy, and the triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) structures have excellent lightweight, high energy absorption capacity and superior thermal and acoustic insulation properties. It is, however, difficult to manufacture by traditional processing methods. Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) as a metal additive manufacturing technology, is extremely advantageous for forming complex lattice structures. In this study, five different TPMS cell structures, Gyroid (G), Diamond (D), Schwarz-P (P), Lidinoid (L), and Neovius (N) with Invar36 alloy as the material, were prepared using the LPBF process. The deformation behavior, mechanical properties, and energy absorption efficiency of these structures under different load directions were studied, and the effects and mechanisms of structure design, wall thickness, and load direction were further investigated. The results show that except for the P cell structure, which collapsed layer by layer, the other four TPMS cell structures all exhibited uniform plastic collapse. The G and D cell structures had excellent mechanical properties, and the energy absorption efficiency could reach more than 80%. In addition, it was found that the wall thickness could adjust the apparent density, relative platform stress, relative stiffness, energy absorption, energy absorption efficiency, and deformation behavior of the structure. Printed TPMS cell structures have better mechanical properties in the horizontal direction due to intrinsic printing process and structural design.
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Solids built out of active components have exhibited odd elastic stiffness tensors whose active moduli appear in the antisymmetric part and which give rise to non-Hermitian static and dynamic phenomena. Here, we present a class of active metamaterial featured with an odd mass density tensor whose asymmetric part arises from active and nonconservative forces. The odd mass density is realized using metamaterials with inner resonators connected by asymmetric and programmable feed-forward control on acceleration and active forces along the two perpendicular directions. The active forces produce unbalanced off-diagonal mass density coupling terms, leading to non-Hermiticity. The odd mass is then experimentally validated through a one-dimensional nonsymmetric wave coupling where propagating transverse waves are coupled with longitudinal ones whereas the reverse is forbidden. We reveal that the two-dimensional active metamaterials with the odd mass can perform in either energy-unbroken or energy-broken phases separated by exceptional points along principal directions of the mass density. The odd mass density contributes to the wave anisotropy in the energy-unbroken phase and directional wave energy gain in the energy-broken phase. We also numerically illustrate and experimentally demonstrate the two-dimensional wave propagation phenomena that arise from the odd mass in active solids. Finally, the existence of non-Hermitian skin effect is discussed in which boundaries host an extensive number of localized modes. It is our hope that the emergent concept of the odd mass can open up a new research platform for mechanical non-Hermitian system and pave the ways for developing next-generation wave steering devices.
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Rapid identification of Candida species is significant for the diagnosis of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). An integrated and multi-target system for the rapid, high-specificity, and high-sensitivity detection of four Candida species was developed. The system consists of a rapid sample processing cassette and a rapid nucleic acid analysis device. The cassette could process the Candida species to release nucleic acids in 15 min. The released nucleic acids were analyzed by the device as fast as within 30 min, using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. The four Candida species could be simultaneously identified, with each reaction using only 1.41 µL of reaction mixture, which was low cost. The RPT (rapid sample processing and testing) system could detect the four Candida species with high sensitivity (<2 CFU/reaction) and high specificity. The system also processed and analyzed 32 clinical samples, giving the results with high clinical sensitivity and specificity. Hence, the system was a significant and effective platform for the diagnosis of VVC. Furthermore, the period of validity of the reagents and chips used in the system was >90 days, and the system could also be used for the detection of bacteria.
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Candidiasis Vulvovaginal , Ácidos Nucleicos , Femenino , Humanos , Candidiasis Vulvovaginal/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Sensibilidad y EspecificidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) and their association with depression and anxiety are becoming global concerns. Biological sex may introduce differential exposure to NMUPD or depressive/anxiety symptoms. However, few studies have investigated the potential sex differences in the associations of NMUPD with depressive/anxiety symptoms. METHODS: Data were drawn from the 2019 School-based Chinese College Students Health Survey. A total of 30,039 undergraduates (mean age: 19.8 [SD: 1.3] years) from sixty universities/colleges in China completed standard questionnaires and were included in the study (response rate: 97.7 %). RESULTS: In the final adjusted model, non-medical use of opioids (experimenters: ß = 1.10, [95 % CI, 0.62 to 1.57]) or sedatives (frequent users: ß = 2.98, [95 % CI, 0.70 to 5.26]) was associated with depressive symptoms, while non-medical use of opioids (frequent users: ß = 1.37, [95 % CI, 0.32 to 2.42]) or sedatives (frequent users: ß = 1.19, [95 % CI, 0.35 to 2.03]) was also associated with anxiety symptoms. Sex-stratified analyses indicated that lifetime opioids misuse was associated with depressive symptoms in both sexes but with anxiety symptoms only in males (ß = 0.39, [95 % CI, 0.09 to 0.70]). The association of lifetime sedative misuse with depressive symptoms was greater in males, while the significant association with anxiety symptoms remained only in female (ß = 0.52, [95 % CI, 0.14 to 0.91]). LIMITATIONS: Causal inference cannot be made due to the cross-sectional nature of the data. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests NMUPD is associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese undergraduates, and the associations may differ by sex.