A Paper-Based Fluorescent Sensor for Rapid Early Screening of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Various types of sensors play an irreplaceable role in the detection of biomarkers, but their high cost and complicated operation make it difficult to benefit ordinary people. Herein, we develop a low-cost, double-layered, paper-based fluorescent sensor (CP/HQ) structurally consisting of the upper reaction layer loaded with two oxidases (lactate oxidase and choline oxidase) and the bottom fluorescent layer that physically associates with the porphine-grafted composite fluorescent polymer colloids (PF-PDMTP/HQ). Based on the dramatic and rapid fluorescence decrease of porphine induced by the oxidation between saliva and oxidases and subsequent fluorescence resonance energy transfer from oxidized hydroquinone, the resultant fluorescent paper sensor enables us to achieve visual detection of OSCC, which was further recognized by smartphone scanning as the grayscale variation. It was found that the linear sensing range of grayscale value are 10-200 µM for lactic acid and 10-100 µM for choline, with LODs of 5.7 and 8.9 µM, respectively. More importantly, the sensor can achieve a powerful detection capability comparable to that of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in clinical settings with simple operation, demonstrating its great application potential. Our proposed sensor not only improves the accuracy of OSCC diagnosis but also provides a valuable attempt for the device modification of polymer-sensing systems and the development of non-invasive and easy-to-operate disease screening methods.

Ocular biometrics and uncorrected visual acuity for detecting myopia in Chinese school students.

The study is to evaluate the performance of ocular biometric measures and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) for detecting myopia among Chinese students. Among 5- to 18-year-old Chinese students from two cities of China, trained eye-care professionals performed assessment of ocular biometrics (axial length (AL), corneal curvature radius (CR), anterior chamber depth) under noncycloplegic conditions using NIDEK Optical Biometer AL-Scan, distance visual acuity using retro-illuminated logMAR chart with tumbling-E optotypes, and cycloplegic refractive error using NIDEK autorefractor with administration of 0.5% tropicamide. Spherical equivalent (SER) in diopters (D) was calculated as sphere plus half cylinder, and myopia was defined as SER ≤ - 0.5 D. Performances of ocular biometrics and UCVA (individually and in combination) for detecting myopia were evaluated using sensitivity and specificity, predictive values, and area under ROC curve (AUC) in both development dataset and validation dataset. Among 3436 students (mean age 9.7 years, 51% female), the mean (SD) cycloplegic SER was - 0.20 (2.18) D, and 1269 (36.9%) had myopia. Cycloplegic SER was significantly correlated with AL (Pearson Correlation coefficient r = - 0.82), AL/CR ratio (r = - 0.90), and UCVA (r = 0.79), but was not correlated with CR (r = 0.02, p = 0.15). The AL/CR ratio detected myopia with AUC 0.963 (95% CI 0.957-0.969) and combination with UCVA improved the AUC to 0.976 (95% CI 0.971-0.981). Using age-specific AL/CR cutoff (> 3.00 for age < 10 years, > 3.06 for 10-14 years, > 3.08 for ≥ 15 years) as myopia positive, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.0% (95% CI 84.4-89.6%) and 87.8% (86.0-89.6%), respectively, in the development dataset and 86.4% (95% CI 83.7-89.1%) and 89.4% (95% CI 87.3-91.4%), respectively, in the validation dataset. Combining AL/CR and UCVA (worse than 20/32 for age < 10 years, and 20/25 for ≥ 10 years) provided 91.9% (95% CI 90.4-93.4%) sensitivity and 87.0% (95% CI 85.6-88.4%) specificity, positive value of 80.6% (95% CI 78.5-82.6%) and negative value of 94.8% (95% CI 93.8-95.8%). These results suggest that AL/CR ratio is highly correlated with cycloplegic refractive error and detects myopia with high sensitivity and specificity,  AL/CR ratio alone or in combination with UCVA can be used as a tool for myopia screening or for estimating myopia prevalence in large epidemiological studies with limited resources for cycloplegic refraction.

Clinical Outcomes After Primary Implantation into Modified One-and-a-Half-Barrel Fibula Free Flap Reconstructed Mandible.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to introduce and evaluate a modified one-and-a-half-barrel fibular technique guided by occlusion for functionally reconstructing mandibular defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients underwent mandibular reconstruction with the modified one-and-a-half-barrel technique and simultaneous insertion of dental implants. A vascularized fibular segment was used to reconstruct the alveolar ridge of the neomandible with dental implants loaded simultaneously. The inferior border was reconstructed with a nonvascularized segment. Panoramic radiographs were taken 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months after the surgery to measure the vertical height of the fibular segment, calculate the bone resorption rate at different time points, and observe the implant marginal bone loss and crown-to-implant ratio. The OHIP-14 questionnaire was employed to evaluate the perceived outcomes of oral rehabilitation. RESULTS: The vertical height of the vascularized and nonvascularized fibular segments 1 week, 6 months, and 12 months after the surgery was 14.51 ± 1.93, 14.19 ± 1.88, and 13.81 ± 1.78 mm; and 8.65 ± 0.98, 7.72 ± 0.94, and 7.25 ± 0.93 mm, respectively. The bone resorption rate of vascularized and nonvascularized fibular segments was 2.20% ± 1.04% and 10.69% ± 5.73%, respectively, in the first 6 months, and 2.67% ± 1.44% and 6.16% ± 2.75%, respectively, in the latter 6 months, showing a significantly higher resorption rate in the nonvascularized segment (P < .05). The implant marginal bone loss after functional loading was significantly greater than that before dental rehabilitation (P = .001). The OHIP-14 total scores were 20.07 ± 10.24, 19.00 ± 7.82, and 3.93 ± 1.87 before surgery, at 6 months, and at 12 months after surgery, respectively (P = .000). CONCLUSION: The proposed technique not only guarantees the esthetic appearance of patients but also achieves a suitable vertical height to facilitate the placement of the implant at the same time.

Recent Structural Engineering of Polymer Semiconductors Incorporating Hydrogen Bonds.

Highly planar, extended π-electron organic conjugated polymers have been increasingly attractive for achieving high-mobility organic semiconductors. In addition to the conventional strategy to construct rigid backbone by covalent bonds, hydrogen bond has been employed extensively to increase the planarity and rigidity of polymer via intramolecular noncovalent interactions. This review provides a general summary of high-mobility semiconducting polymers incorporating hydrogen bonds in field-effect transistors over recent years. The structural engineering of the hydrogen bond-containing building blocks and the discussion of theoretical simulation, microstructural characterization, and device performance are covered. Additionally, the effects of the introduction of hydrogen bond on self-healing, stretchability, chemical sensitivity, and mechanical properties are also discussed. The review aims to help and inspire design of new high-mobility conjugated polymers with superiority of mechanical flexibility by incorporation of hydrogen bond for the application in flexible electronics.

Optimizing the Intercrystallite Connection of a Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Semiconductor Polymer by Controlling the Crystallization Rate via Temperature.

The charge carrier transport of conjugated polymer thin film is mainly decided by the crystalline domain and intercrystallite connection. High-density tie-chain can provide an effective bridge between crystalline domains. Herein, the tie-chain connection behavior is optimized by decreasing the crystal region length (lc ) and increasing the crystallization rate. Poly[4-(4,4-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-alt-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine] (PCDTPT-ODD) is dissolved in nonpolar solvent isooctane and high ordered rod-like aggregations are formed. As the temperature increases, the changes in solution state and crystallization behavior lead to three different chain arrangement morphologies in the films: 1) at 25 °C, large and separated crystal regions are formed; 2) at 55 °C, small and well-connected crystal regions are formed due to faster crystallization rate and smaller nucleus size; 3) at 90 °C, the amorphous film is formed. Further results show that the film prepared at 55 °C has a smaller crystal region length (lc , 7.6 nm) and higher tie-chains content. Thus, the film exhibits the best device mobility of 2.3 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 . This result shows the great influence of crystallization kinetics on the microstructure of conjugated polymer films and provides an effective way for the optimization of the intercrystallite tie-chain.

Prediction for Cycloplegic Refractive Error in Chinese School Students: Model Development and Validation.

Purpose: To predict cycloplegic refractive error using measurements obtained under noncycloplegic conditions. Method: Refractive error was measured in 5- to 18-year-old Chinese students using a NIDEK autorefractor before and after administration of 0.5% tropicamide. Spherical equivalent (SER) in diopters (D) was calculated as sphere plus half cylinder. A multivariable prediction model for cycloplegic SER was developed using data from students in Jinyun (n = 1938) and was validated using data from students in Hangzhou (n = 1498). The performance of the prediction model was evaluated using R2, mean difference between predicted and measured cycloplegic SER, and sensitivity and specificity for predicting myopia (cycloplegic SER ≤ -0.5 D). Results: Among 3436 students (mean age, 9.7 years; 51% female), the mean (SD) noncycloplegic and cycloplegic SER values were -1.12 (1.97) D and -0.20 (2.19) D, respectively. The prediction model that included demographics, noncycloplegic SER, axial length/corneal curvature radius ratio, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), and intraocular pressure predicted cycloplegic SER with R2 of 0.93 in the development dataset and 0.92 in the validation dataset. The mean (SD) differences between predicted and measured cycloplegic SER were 0.0 (0.55) D in the development dataset and 0.06 (0.64) D in the validation dataset. In both the development and validation datasets, the combination of predicted SER and UCVA yielded high sensitivity (91.4% and 91.9%, respectively) and specificity (95.0% and 90.1%, respectively) for detecting myopia. Conclusions: Cycloplegic refractive error can be predicted using measurements obtained under noncycloplegic conditions. The prediction model could potentially be used to correct the myopia prevalence in epidemiological studies in which administering cycloplegic agent on all participants is not feasible. Translational Relevance: The prediction model may provide a tool for correcting the overestimation of myopia from noncycloplegic refractive error in future epidemiological studies in which administering cycloplegic agent on all participants is not feasible.

Use of anterior ramus bone graft for mandibular reconstruction in elderly patients.

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using a geometrically designed anterior ramus graft to reconstruct lateral mandibular defects. This was achieved by assessing the anatomical dimensions of the mandibular ramus on computed-tomographies. The design sequence and application of the graft was also demonstrated using one of our cases. The following dimensions were measured; a and b - horizontal length from mid-ramus to the posterior and anterior ramus border respectively, c - longest length of the graft, Mp - width at the centre of the ramus, h - vertical length of the angle at its cross-section, w - horizontal length of the angle at its cross-section, x - cross-sectional area along the mandible angle. A total of 80 mandibular rami were examined. The mean length of a, b, c were 17.3 ± 1.8 mm, 15.9 ± 1.2 mm, 54.6 ± 3.8 mm, respectively. The mean width of Mp was 9.8 ± 1.1 mm. The mean cross section area of Eo-Md (x) was 326.7 ± 67.8 mm2. The average length of h and w were 26.5 ± 3.2 and 15.6 ± 2.1 mm, respectively. The use of virtual surgical planning (VSP) to geometrically design the graft was also described. Together with VSP, the anterior ramus bone graft will allow for reconstruction of the mandible with greater surgical efficiency, reduced complexity and without the need for extra-oral bone harvest. This may be an useful alternative in situations where simpler reconstructive procedures are preferred.

Effect of Cycloplegia on Refractive Error Measure in Chinese School Students.

PURPOSE: To determine differences in cycloplegic vs. non-cycloplegic refractive error and factors associated with these differences in Chinese school students. METHOD: In this cross-sectional school-based study, refractive error was measured in school students using a NIDEK autorefractor before and after administration of 0.5% tropicamide. Spherical equivalent (SER) in diopters (D) was calculated as sphere plus half cylinder. SER differences before vs. after cycloplegia were evaluated using mean, standard deviation (SD), 95% limits of agreement. Univariable and multivariable regression models were used to determine factors associated with SER differences. RESULTS: Among 3604 students, 3450 (95.7%) provided data for analysis. Mean age (SD) was 9.7 (3.6) years. The mean SER (SD) was -1.12 (1.97) D before cycloplegia, and -0.20 (2.19) D after cycloplegia, with a mean difference of 0.92 D (95% limits of agreement: -0.93 to 2.78 D). Among 196 eyes with non-cycloplegic SER -6.0 D or worse (e.g., met high myopia definition), 71.4% had cycloplegic SER -6.0 D or worse, and among 3607 eyes with non-cycloplegic SER -0.5 D or worse (e.g., met myopia definition), 62.1% eyes had cycloplegic SER -0.5 D or worse. Cycloplegic SER was more correlated with axial length than non-cycloplegic SER (Pearson r = 0.82 vs. 0.72, p < .0001). In multivariable analysis, larger SER differences were associated with more hyperopic refractive error and smaller axial length (all p < .0001). CONCLUSION: Non-cycloplegic refractive error overestimates myopia by approximately one diopter. This overestimation increases with more hyperopic refractive error and smaller axial length. Non-cycloplegic refractive error should not be used for evaluating pediatric myopia. ABBREVIATIONS: BCVA = best corrected visual acuity; D = diopter; SD = standard deviation; SE = standard error; SER = spherical equivalent; CI = confidence interval.

In situ growth of large-area and self-aligned graphene nanoribbon arrays on liquid metal.

Intrinsic graphene features semi-metallic characteristics that limit its applications in electronic devices, whereas graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising semiconductors because of their bandgap-opening feature. However, the controllable mass-fabrication of high-quality GNR arrays remains a major challenge. In particular, the in situ growth of GNR arrays through template-free chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has not been realized. Herein, we report a template-free CVD strategy to grow large-area, high-quality and self-aligned GNR arrays on liquid copper surface. The width of as-grown GNR could be optimized to sub-10 nm with aspect ratio up to 387, which is higher than those of reported CVD-GNRs. The study of the growth mechanism indicates that a unique comb-like etching-regulated growth process caused by a trace hydrogen flow guides the formation of the mass-produced self-aligned GNR arrays. Our approach is operationally simple and efficient, offering an assurance for the use of GNR arrays in integrated circuits.

[Clinical application and accuracy analysis of occlusion-guided functional mandibular reconstruction].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the design and application of novel surgical template on the accuracy of reconstructed mandibula and implant position in occlusion-guided functional mandibular reconstruction, so as to provide guidance for clinical treatment. METHODS: Between January 2017 and May 2019, 11 patients with segmental mandible defects were treated, including 8 males and 3 females with an average age of 31.8 years (range, 19-45 years). There were 6 cases of ameloblastoma, 3 cases of keratocystic tumor, and 2 cases of ossifying fibroma. According to Urken classification of mandible defects, there were 1 case of CRB, 4 cases of RB, 2 cases of RBS, and 4 cases of SB. According to the occlusion relationship, a novel surgical template with the reconstruction titanium plate screws and implants drill-guided information was designed and manufactured. With the help of the novel surgical template, the "one and a half" fibula reconstruction mode was used for jaw functional reconstruction, and the implant supported denture was finally completed. The postoperative CT at 1 week were collected to analyze the morphology of the preoperative virtual design jaw and postoperative jaw. The coincidence of fibular reconstructed mandible (fibular upper barrel, fibular reconstructed ramus and condyle, and whole mandible) and implant in mandible were calculated. When the coincidence was less than 80%, it was considered that the deviation was obvious. Oral panoramic X-ray film and cone beam CT were examined at 6 months after operation to evaluate the osseointegration before implant repair. RESULTS: None of the 11 flaps had postoperative vascular crisis. One flap occurred necrosis at 1 month after reconstruction combined with 3 implants failed, and had been removed at 6 months after reconstructed surgery; the others had no flap necrosis. One week postoperatively, the coincidence of the fibular upper barrel was 87.55%±3.08%, the whole mandible was 82.68%±5.94%, and the implant in mandible was 88.00%, with significant differences ( t=8.131, P=0.000; t=2.118, P=0.046; Z=4.070, P=0.000) when compared to 80%, respectively. The fibular reconstructed ramus and condyle was 77.82%±3.54%, with no significant difference ( t=-2.042, P=0.068) when compared to 80%. Six months postoperatively, oral panoramic X-ray film and cone beam CT showed that all 22 implants achieved osseointegration and the palatal mucosa transplantation was performed, then finally completed the denture rehabilitation at 6-9 months after operation. All patients were satisfied with their postoperative appearance. CONCLUSION: The novel surgical template can guarantee the accuracy of functional mandible reconstruction guided by occlusal guidance, and ultimately achieve the beautiful contour of jaw and occlusal function reconstruction, and improve the patient's life quality.

Influence of Backbone Regioregularity on High-Mobility Conjugated Polymers Based on Alkylated Dithienylacrylonitrile.

We designed and synthesized two donor-acceptor type conjugated polymers, the regioirregular polymer RI-PDPP-CNTVT-6 and its regioregular counterpart RR-PDPP-CNTVT-6, based on diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and alkylated dithienylacrylonitrile (CNTVT) units. Among them, the 2-decyltetradecyl side chain on the DPP acceptor unit and the hexyl side chain on the CNTVT donor unit were used to ensure enough solubility for them. The backbone regioregularity was used to tune electronic structures and carrier transport of the conjugated system. The two conjugated polymers were characterized for their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and solution-processable properties, thin-film microstructures, and morphologies. The top-gate bottom-contact configuration organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices based on these two conjugated polymers showed excellent ambipolar performances. Remarkably, the regioirregular polymer RI-PDPP-CNTVT-6 exhibited higher charge-carrier mobilities than the regioregular counterpart polymer RR-PDPP-CNTVT-6 did, as their highest hole/electron mobilities (µhmax/µemax) were 1.48/1.27 and 0.48/0.052 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively. Moreover, the influence of backbone regioregularity on its thermal stability, electrochemical and photophysical properties, solution processability, and charge-carrier mobility was intensively studied. Our results afforded a promising pathway toward the development of excellent ambipolar OFETs with high performance, good solution processability, and thermal stability.

Multisubstituted Azaisoindigo-Based Polymers for High-Mobility Ambipolar Thin-Film Transistors and Inverters.

Ambipolar semiconducting materials have great potential in complementary-like organic logic circuits. Accessing such logic circuits demands balanced hole and electron mobilities. However, the lack of ambipolar high-mobility polymer semiconductors with balanced charge carrier-transporting properties precludes the rapid development of organic logic circuits. In this context, structural modification of semiconductor materials to enhance the electron/hole transport is of great urgency. Herein, a multifunctionalization strategy is used to achieve this goal. Combined electron-withdrawing moieties involving fluorine and pyridinic nitrogen atoms can not only reduce the frontier molecular orbital energies but also planarize the polymer backbone, demonstrating synergetic effects on the control over the carrier injection process at the metal-semiconductor interface and microstructure-sensitive charge transport in the channel. A balanced ambipolar behavior with electron/hole mobilities of 3.88/3.44 cm2 V-1 s-1 was observed, and complementary-like inverters with high gains of greater than 200 were achieved. Microstructure and thin-film morphology were characterized to further reveal the relationship between device performances and macroscopic observables. This multifunctionalization strategy bodes well for developing new ambipolar semiconducting materials.

[Association of GPER gene polymorphism with social function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor(GPER) gene polymorphism with social function of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: The social function of 135 children with ADHD were assessed by Weiss Functional Impairment Scale-Parent form (WFIRS-P). The coding region of GPER gene of all patients was subjected to Sanger sequencing. The association of polymorphisms with the social function of the ADHD children was analyzed. RESULTS: In the case group, the social function scores of Learning and School and Risky Activities of boys were significantly higher than those of girls (t=2.704, P=0.008; t=2.289, P=0.027). No significant difference was found in the genotypic frequencies of the c.-9T/C and c.789G/A loci between different genders. But the learning and school scores of those with a TC genotype for the c.-9T to C locus were significantly higher than those with a TT genotype (t= 2.159, P=0.033). CONCLUSION: For children with ADHD, the social function of Learning and School of those with a TC genotype of the GPER gene c.-9T/C locus is more severely damaged compared with those with a TT genotype.

Bis-Diketopyrrolopyrrole Moiety as a Promising Building Block to Enable Balanced Ambipolar Polymers for Flexible Transistors.

A bis-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP dimer, 2DPP) core is synthesized with much stronger electron deficiency than DPP by homocoupling of DPP. 2DPP-based polymers, P2DPP-BT, P2DPP-TT, P2DPP-TVT, and P2DPP-BDT, are obtained. Top-gated organic field-effect transistors on plastic substrate are fabricated. Compared with their mono-DPP-based polymers, remarkable improvement of electron mobilities of P2DPPs is achieved. Meanwhile, their p-channel performance becomes higher.

Thiazole-Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymeric Semiconductors for Ambipolar Field-Effect Transistors with Balanced Carrier Mobilities.

In this paper we report three thiazole-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole-based donor-acceptor alternating copolymers as new ambipolar semiconductors and their field-effect transistor devices with balanced hole and electron mobilities. Nitrile groups are introduced into the polymer backbone, and the substituent effect on electronic structures is studied. Different side chains are also involved to tune the interdigitation of the polymers. To probe the structural effects that contribute to the device performances, we provide insight into the thin-film microstructures and morphologies. Top-gate bottom-contact transistors fabricated under ambient conditions exhibit the impressive balanced hole and electron mobilities as high as 1.46 and 1.14 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively, which are among the highest values reported for ambipolar thiazole-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers. Additionally, this class of ambipolar polymers also shows promise for complementary-like inverters with a high gain value of 163.

Tracking the Evolution of Polymer Interface Films during the Process of Thermal Annealing at the Domain and Single Molecular Levels using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.

Structural evolution of polymer (NTZ12) interface films during the process of annealing is revealed at the domain and single molecular levels using the statistical data measured from scanning tunneling microscopy images and through theoretical calculations. First, common features of the interface films are examined. Then, mean values of surface-occupied ratio, size and density of the domain are used to reveal the intrinsic derivation of the respective stages. Formation of new domains is triggered at 70 °C, but domain ripening is not activated. At 110 °C, the speed of formation of new domains is almost balanced by the consumption due to the ripening process. However, formation of new domains is reduced heavily at 150 °C but restarted at 190 °C. At the single molecular level, the ratio of the average length of linear to curved backbones is increased during annealing, whereas the ratios of the total length and the total number of linear to curved skeletons reaches a peak value at 150 °C. The two major conformations of curved backbones for all samples are 120° and 180° bending, but the ripening at 150 °C reduces 180° folding dramatically. Molecular dynamic simulations disclose the fast relaxing process of curved skeletons at high temperature.

Normal platelet counts mask abnormal thrombopoiesis in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

Increased platelet heterogeneity has been reported in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) with thrombocytosis. However, whether abnormal thrombopoiesis occurs in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who have normal platelet counts, remains unclear. In order to explore this question, 25 patients with CML with normal platelet counts (CML-N), 40 patients with CML with elevated platelet counts (CML-E) and 33 healthy adults were recruited. The association of platelet count with mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) and platelet distribution width (PDW) was examined. Bone marrow smears were also reviewed to assess the proliferation and abnormal lobation of megakaryocytes. The results showed that the two CML groups exhibited higher MPV, P-LCR and PDW values than those of the controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, the CML-N group was more heterogeneous in terms of thrombopoiesis than the CML-E group, as demonstrated by a higher PDW (P<0.05) and higher ratio of multinucleated dysmegakaryocytes (12.17 vs. 4.69%; χ2=29.79; P=0.000). In addition, no correlation between platelet count and MPV, P-LCR or PDW was observed in the CML-N group (r=-0.102, -0.051 and -0.049, and P=0.619, 0.828 and 0.810, respectively). The results suggested that patients in the CML-N group have more heterogeneous thrombopoiesis of megakaryocytes and platelets, and that apparently normal platelet counts may mask the abnormal thrombopoiesis in these patients.

Novel butterfly-shaped fused heteroacenes: synthesis, properties, and device performance of solution-processed field-effect transistors.

Two tetrabrominated intermediates obtained by bromination of naphthodithiophene in different solvents were used to construct novel highly π-extended butterfly-shaped heteroarenes 1-6, containing either an 8- or 10-fused ring. The solution-processed organic field-effect transistors based on compound 1 exhibited promising device performance with a hole mobility of 0.072 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and a current on/off ratio of 10(6) under ambient atmosphere.