The Relationship between a Competitive School Climate and School Bullying among Secondary Vocational School Students in China: A Moderated Mediation Model.

School bullying is widespread in countries around the world and has a continuous negative impact on the physical and mental health of students. However, few studies have explored the influence mechanism of a competitive school climate on school bullying among Chinese secondary vocational school students. This study aims to explore the relationship between a competitive school climate and bullying in secondary vocational schools in the Chinese context, as well as the mediating role of school belonging and the moderating role of gender. Logit regression analysis and a moderated mediation model were used to analyze 1964 secondary vocational students from China based on PISA 2018 data from Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu, China. (1) The detection rate of school bullying in secondary vocational schools in China is 17.8%, lower than the world average. (2) A competitive school climate is significantly and positively correlated with secondary vocational school students' exposure to school bullying. (3) A moderated mediation model suggests that school belonging is an important mechanism by which a competitive school climate influences the occurrence of school bullying, whereas gender moderates the direct effect of a competitive school climate and the indirect effect of school belonging, which mitigates the negative effects of a competitive school climate to some extent. The research results show that creating a healthy competitive climate in schools, cultivating students' sense of belonging, and facing up to gender differences are helpful to prevent school bullying in secondary vocational schools.

Cascaded Attention: Adaptive and Gated Graph Attention Network for Multiagent Reinforcement Learning.

Modeling the interactive relationships of agents is critical to improving the collaborative capability of a multiagent system. Some methods model these by predefined rules. However, due to the nonstationary problem, the interactive relationship changes over time and cannot be well captured by rules. Other methods adopt a simple mechanism such as an attention network to select the neighbors the current agent should collaborate with. However, in large-scale multiagent systems, collaborative relationships are too complicated to be described by a simple attention network. We propose an adaptive and gated graph attention network (AGGAT), which models the interactive relationships between agents in a cascaded manner. In the AGGAT, we first propose a graph-based hard attention network that roughly filters irrelevant agents. Then, normal soft attention is adopted to decide the importance of each neighbor. Finally, gated attention further refines the collaborative relationship of agents. By using cascaded attention, the collaborative relationship of agents is precisely learned in a coarse-to-fine style. Extensive experiments are conducted on a variety of cooperative tasks. The results indicate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.

[Surgical treatment of lung cancer by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery].

BACKGROUND: To investigate the role of curative and palliative surgical treatment of lung cancer with video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). METHODS: Forty-three patients with lung cancer were prescribed operations with VATS, which included 5 cases of stage IA, 14 cases of IB, 1 case of IIA, 4 cases of IIB, 7 cases of IIIA, 6 cases of T4-IIIB and 6 cases of IV. The 7 patients of stage IIIA were previously staged as N0 before operation, but reevaluated as N2-IIIA after operation. There were 3 cases of malignant pleural effusion and 3 cases of pleural implantation in stage IIIB cases. There were 2 cases of cardiac tamponade, 1 case of solitary brain metastasis, and 3 cases of ipsilateral or contralateral solitary lung metastasis in cases of stage IV. The main methods of operation performed included lobectomy in 36 cases, wedge resection in 5 cases, and pericardial opening in 2 cases. Systemly mediastinal lymph node dissections were performed in 36 cases. Concurrent contralateral pulmonary wedge resections were performed in 2 cases of contralateral solitary lung metastasis. Malignant pleural effusions were prescribed resection of implantation nodules, electrocautery and pleurodesis. RESULTS: There was no perioperative death or bronchial leak. Five cases suffered lung infection, and 2 cases occurred with incision infection. Malignant pleural effusion in the 3 cases was controlled satisfactorily. Two cases of pericardial opening died in 4 months and 8 months after operation respectively. The other patients were alive till present. Postoperative hospital stay was 5-15 days with average of 7.4 days, except of two cases of pericardial opening. CONCLUSIONS: VATS is an alternative way for complete resection of early stage lung cancer. It is technically feasible to dissect mediastinal lymph node for accidental N2 lung cancer. VATS has significant advantage in concurrent bilateral pulmonary resection. The palliative operation of malignant pleural effusion and cardiac tamponade by VATS can markedly improve the quality of life of patients.