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The under-eye region is an area of significant cosmetic concern. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged as an effective, safe, inexpensive, and convenient treatment for skin rejuvenation. Herein, we aim to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a LED under-eye device for under-eye rejuvenation, as measured by objective and patient reported outcomes. Eleven participants self-administered treatment using a commercially available LED device emitting red (633 nm) and near infrared (830 nm) light for six weeks. Standardized photographs and questionnaires were administered at baseline and six weeks. Photographic digital analysis indicated an improvement in under-eye wrinkles at six weeks compared to baseline, with a reduction in wrinkle score from 20.05 to 19.72. However, this finding was not statistically significant. Participants self-reported consistent improvements in under-eye wrinkles, texture, dark circles, bags, pigmentation, and erythema. All participants reported a high degree of comfortability, ease of use, and satisfaction with the eye device. The participants noted no moderate or severe adverse events and few reports of transient expected outcomes such as mild erythema. The participants' self-reported improvements and high user satisfaction, and the device's favorable safety profile, highlights the benefits of at-home LED devices for under-eye rejuvenation. Future randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes could further establish the safety and efficacy of at-home LED under-eye treatments.
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Técnicas Cosméticas , Satisfacción del Paciente , Rejuvenecimiento , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Humanos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de la radiación , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Técnicas Cosméticas/instrumentación , Técnicas Cosméticas/efectos adversos , Masculino , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/instrumentación , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/métodos , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/efectos adversos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , AncianoRESUMEN
Keloids, characterized by excessive scar formation following dermal inflammation, pose a therapeutic challenge due to high recurrence rates. Radiation therapy, contraindicated in children, can minimize recurrence post-surgical removal. Dupilumab, which inhibits the pro-fibrotic interleukin-4/interleukin-13 axis, may effectively manage keloids when intralesional corticosteroid injections are unsuccessful. It may also prevent recurrence post-surgery in pediatric patients. This systematic review assesses the efficacy and safety of dupilumab for the treatment of keloids. Through a systematic search adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we identified and analyzed outcomes from three case reports and three case series studies, totaling 15 patients. Results indicate variable responses to treatment, including significant improvements, no clinical change, and worsening of keloid symptoms. Additional research is needed to recommend using dupilumab to treat keloids (Grade D). Treatment response variability may be linked to differences in interleukin-4/interleukin-13 activity between active and inactive keloids. Additionally, the unintended promotion of T helper 17 cell differentiation by dupilumab may worsen keloids.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Queloide , Humanos , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados/efectos adversos , Interleucina-13 , Interleucina-4/metabolismo , Queloide/tratamiento farmacológico , Queloide/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Syringomas are benign neoplasms derived from eccrine sweat glands. Eruptive syringomas are a subtype of syringomas and are typically located on the chest, neck, and abdomen during puberty or childhood. Herein, we present a 20-year-old African American female with an atypical case of eruptive syringomas, characterized by an unusual distribution on her chest, abdomen, and anterior and posterior bilateral extremities. This case underscores the importance of recognizing diverse presentations of skin conditions in patients with skin of color and adds to the limited reports of eruptive syringoma in these populations. We present and emphasize this atypical manifestation of eruptive syringomas in an individual with darker skin to promote awareness and improve diagnosis and patient outcomes.J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):564-566. doi:10.36849/JDD.8103.
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Pigmentación de la Piel , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas , Siringoma , Humanos , Siringoma/patología , Siringoma/diagnóstico , Femenino , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Sudoríparas/patología , Adulto Joven , Negro o AfroamericanoRESUMEN
Photoaging is a complex, ongoing process that clinically manifests as cutaneous rhytides, atrophy, laxity, dyspigmentation, telangiectasias, roughness, and mottled appearance of the skin. There is an abundance of research establishing the mechanism of ultraviolet (UV) - induced photodamage as it is a significant source of photoaging and skin cancers. While UV damage is known to induce photoaging, it is important to understand how other forms of light radiation also contribute to this process. UV only constitutes 5 to 10% of solar radiation that reaches the earth's surface. The remaining nearly 90% is evenly split between infrared and visible light radiation. Early research shows that varied skin types may elicit different photobiologic responses to light. This article presents the mechanisms and biomarkers of photodamage induced by light from across the spectrum, including UV, visible light, and infrared to better prevent and reverse the damage of photoaging in all skin types.J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(7):504-509. doi:10.36849/JDD.7438.
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Envejecimiento de la Piel , Piel , Rayos Ultravioleta , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Piel/patología , Rayos Infrarrojos/efectos adversos , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiologíaRESUMEN
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is characterized by dark, velvety patches and thin plaques primarily in the body folds. AN is more prevalent in skin of color populations, including Black/African American, Native American, and Hispanic patients. As the U.S. population becomes increasingly diverse, the need for inclusive dermatologic research becomes more pressing. Given the increased prevalence of AN in skin of color patients, there is a need to evaluate representation in AN clinical trials. This study aims to uncover gender, race, ethnicity, and Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) representation in AN clinical trials. A systematic literature search was performed across PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify participant characteristics in clinical trials focused on AN treatment. Our review yielded 21 clinical trials, totaling 575 participants, with an identified predominance of female participants (69.0%) and a surprising absence of race or ethnicity data. Out of the 11 studies that included FST data, 1.2% of participants were type II, 20.6% were type III, 50.0% were type IV, and 28.2% were type V. None of the participants were FST I or VI. Herein, we highlight a predominate inclusion of female and FST III-V patients in AN clinical trials, the populations most impacted by this condition. We also highlight the need for improved race and ethnicity reporting and the importance of including all FSTs in clinical studies. Addressing this gap is critical for developing safe, efficacious, patient-centered, and equitable treatments for all AN patients. Future research should prioritize comprehensive inclusion of race, ethnicity, and the full spectrum of FSTs.
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Acantosis Nigricans , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Pigmentación de la Piel , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Acantosis Nigricans/diagnóstico , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Sexuales , Piel/patología , Estados Unidos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Sunscreen is an essential way to protect against photodamage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Despite the recognized benefits of sunscreen in preventing skin damage from UV light, its use varies across different patient groups. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study aims to uncover the sunscreen usage patterns, preferences, and barriers among non-Hispanic White (NHW) and skin of color (SOC) individuals. Our findings demonstrate that NHW individuals are more likely to wear sunscreen daily (31% NHW vs 25% SOC) and reapply sunscreen at least once a day (76% NHW vs 45% SOC) compared with SOC individuals. SOC individuals demonstrate a willingness to use sunscreen, but they face barriers such as cost (2% NHW vs 16% SOC), lack of knowledge in finding suitable products (22% NHW vs 41% SOC), and concerns about white cast (7% NHW vs 25% SOC). SOC individuals are less likely to know the difference between mineral and chemical sunscreen (49% NHW vs 29% SOC), less likely to learn about sunscreen from dermatologists (36% NHW vs 22% SOC), and more likely to prefer sunscreen from brands owned by people of color (13% NHW vs 47% SOC). In addition to analyzing the broader categories of NHW and SOC, subgroup analysis was conducted on specific subgroups, including Black, Asian, and Hispanic groups. Herein, we highlight differences in motivations, sunscreen preferences, sources of information, and knowledge levels about sun protection between NHW and SOC individuals. By uncovering the unique needs and challenges faced by SOC individuals, we aim to improve culturally competent patient education and promote effective sun protection practices across diverse populations. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(6):456-462. doi:10.36849/JDD.8268.
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Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Prioridad del Paciente , Protectores Solares , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Estudios Transversales , Quemadura Solar/prevención & control , Protectores Solares/administración & dosificación , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Blanco , Negro o Afroamericano , Asiático , Hispánicos o LatinosRESUMEN
Acanthosis nigricans (AN), with an estimated prevalence of 19.4% in the U.S., presents as hyperpigmented, velvety plaques in intertriginous regions. Acanthosis Nigricans negatively affects psychological well-being and particularly impacts skin of color individuals. Addressing the underlying cause of acanthosis nigricans, as current guidelines recommend, is often challenging. This highlights the importance of skin directed treatment for acanthosis nigricans. This systematic review evaluated topical, laser, and oral treatments for acanthosis nigricans and provides evidence-based recommendations for clinical use. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we evaluated 19 clinical trials investigating topical, oral, and laser interventions for acanthosis nigricans. Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines were used to make clinical recommendations. We strongly recommend topical tretinoin (grade A) and endorse the appropriate use of adapalene gel, urea cream, and fractional carbon dioxide laser therapy (grade B). Further research is essential to enhance our understanding of alternative treatments to determine additional evidence-based recommendations. This review aims to guide clinicians in managing acanthosis nigricans, especially when direct treatment of underlying conditions is impractical.
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Acantosis Nigricans , Humanos , Acantosis Nigricans/diagnóstico , Acantosis Nigricans/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Oral , Terapia por Láser/métodos , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Administración Cutánea , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administración & dosificación , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapéutico , Administración Tópica , Láseres de Gas/uso terapéutico , Tretinoina/administración & dosificación , Tretinoina/uso terapéutico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Acne vulgaris is a common chronic dermatological condition characterized by obstruction and inflammation of pilosebaceous units. Recent research on a different dermatologic condition has demonstrated that the use of vasodilatory medications is associated with a decreased relative risk of rosacea. This finding is significant due to the overlapping inflammatory pathways involved in rosacea and acne. Herein, a retrospective cohort study was designed to determine the correlation between vasodilator usage and the risk of developing acne within 5 years, contrasting it with thiazide diuretics, chosen as a control due to its non-vasodilatory antihypertensive mechanism and availability of data. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (RR, 0.775; 95% CI, 0.727-0.826; P<0.05), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (RR, 0.739; 95% CI, 0.685-0.797; P<0.05), beta-blockers (BB) (RR, 0.829; 95% CI, 0.777-0.885; P<0.05), and calcium channel blockers (CCB) usage (RR, 0.821, 95% CI, 0.773-0.873; P<0.05) were associated with a significantly lower risk of developing acne within 5 years of initiating therapy compared to thiazide diuretics. It is unclear if thiazide diuretics are more likely to cause acne within the adult population or if vasodilators are protective against the development of acne. Finding mechanisms and therapeutics that lower the risk of developing acne is of significant public health interest, and this study provides a step toward this endeavor. Further research is required to uncover the underlying mechanisms for this reduction in the development of acne. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(6):446-449. doi:10.36849/JDD.8362.
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Acné Vulgar , Vasodilatadores , Humanos , Acné Vulgar/tratamiento farmacológico , Acné Vulgar/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Vasodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de los Simportadores del Cloruro de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de los Simportadores del Cloruro de Sodio/efectos adversos , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/administración & dosificación , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/efectos adversos , Adulto Joven , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/efectos adversos , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/administración & dosificación , Antagonistas de Receptores de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Cosmeceuticals, the bridge between pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, contain biologically active ingredients that may improve the skin's overall appearance. As the market, accessibility, and popularity of cosmeceuticals increase, it is essential to understand the safety and efficacy of such products. This systematic review aims to examine published clinical studies involving the use of cosmeceuticals for antiaging to provide evidence-based recommendations based on available efficacy and safety data. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were systematically searched on January 1, 2023 using PRISMA guidelines. Strength of evidence was graded using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines. Clinical recommendations were made based on the quality of the existing literature. A total of 153 articles regarding the use of cosmeceuticals for treatment of antiaging were identified. After screening of titles, abstracts, and full text, 32 studies involving 1236 patients met inclusion criteria, including 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 12 non-randomized open-label clinical trials for Vitamin C, Retinol, Bakuchiol, Tetrahydrojasmonic acid, Growth Factors, Methyl Estradiolpropanoate, Timosaponin A-III (TA-III), Protocatechuic acid, Grammatophyllum speciosum, and Jasmine rice panicle extract. Retinol and vitamin C for antiaging received a Grade A for recommendation. Methyl estradiolpropanoate, bakuchiol, tetrahydrojasmonic acid, and growth factors received a recommendation grade of C. The remaining ingredients were assigned an inconclusive grade of recommendation due to lack of evidence. Cosmeceuticals included in the review had favorable safety profiles with few significant adverse events. The review analyzes numerous different ingredients to provide an evidence-based approach to decision-making for consumers and physicians on the use of cosmeceuticals for antiaging. Limitations to our review include a limited number of randomized controlled trials and a need for long-term data on each cosmeceutical's efficacy and safety. Future research is needed to establish the long-term effectiveness and safety of cosmeceuticals.
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Cosmecéuticos , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Humanos , Cosmecéuticos/uso terapéutico , Cosméticos/uso terapéutico , Medicina Basada en la Evidencia/métodos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Cutaneous field cancerization in dermatology describes the anatomic region of photodamaged skin with actinic keratoses (AKs) or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) that is surrounded by cellular atypia, forming a dysplastic field. The concept of field cancerization is especially relevant in dermatology, as actinic keratoses and the surrounding dysplastic region can progress to carcinomas, necessitating the treatment of the field. Recent research has focused on field-directed therapy using topical agents. This study aims to systematically review randomized controlled trials on topical treatments for actinic keratosis field cancerization, following the PRISMA guidelines. Clinical recommendations were based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. We identified 20 original randomized controlled trials for topical cutaneous field therapy. 0.5% 5-Fluorouracil/salicylic acid and 0.5% 5-fluorouracil received a clinical recommendation grade of A, while diclofenac sodium received a clinical recommendation grade of B. Calcipotriol/5-fluorouracil, Imiquimod, sunscreen combination therapies, and tirbanibulin received a recommendation grade of C. This review provides a framework for clinicians when considering topical treatments for patients with field cancerization.
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Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Queratosis Actínica , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Queratosis Actínica/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Fluorouracilo/uso terapéutico , HiperplasiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Reddit is one of the world's most popular social media platforms and is increasingly used as a health information resource for patients on topics such as red-light (RL) therapy. OBJECTIVE: In this article, the authors present an analysis of prevalent patient questions and concerns regarding RL therapy. METHODS: All posts on the "Hot" page of the r/redlighttherapy subreddit were analyzed and categorized. RESULTS: A total of 930 questions from 664 posts were analyzed. The most commonly asked question category was related to product recommendations or feedback (29.7%), followed by usage instructions (15.3%), safety and side effects (12.6%), and indications and efficacy (12.3%). CONCLUSION: Understanding patient concerns and questions about RL, as expressed on online platforms like Reddit, can help clinicians improve patient satisfaction, education, and clinical outcomes. The study offers an innovative approach by using social media to uncover valuable patient insights that might not be easily observable within clinical settings.
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Medios de Comunicación Sociales , Humanos , Fototerapia/métodos , Satisfacción del Paciente , Dermatología/métodosRESUMEN
Reddit is one of the world's leading social media platforms, fostering active community discussions on a variety of topics including keloids. The prevalence and reach of conversations on Reddit underscore the need to investigate and understand patient perspectives and gaps in knowledge. Herein, we present an in-depth analysis of questions and concerns of Reddit users on keloids, offering valuable insights into patient experiences, knowledge gaps and treatment preferences. The study presents a distinct approach by harnessing the power of social media data to understand patient perspectives, which may not be readily apparent in clinical settings. All posts on the 'Hot' page of the subreddit r/Keloids were analyzed. Questions were categorized and subcategorized to reveal common themes. A total of 644 questions from 513 posts between 26 March 2017 and 28 August 2023 were identified and analyzed. Reddit users most frequently asked questions regarding keloid management (57.5%). Other common categories included uncertainty regarding diagnosis or symptoms (15.1%), living with keloids (7.5%) and causes or triggers (6.2%). This analysis highlights critical areas of patient knowledge gaps and potential misconceptions regarding keloids. For dermatologists, understanding these patient questions is crucial. Such insights allow for patient-centric education and treatments, ensuring more effective and comprehensive care.
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Queloide , Humanos , Queloide/diagnóstico , Queloide/terapia , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment for actinic keratosis (AK) and has been studied as a treatment for noninvasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). PDT induces apoptosis and necrosis in AKs and cSCC. 5-ALA blue light PDT may modulate gene expression and pathways in surviving cells. In this study, differential gene expression and pathway analysis of cSCC and human dermal fibroblasts were compared before and after 5-ALA blue light PDT using RNA sequencing. No genes were differentially expressed after correcting for multiple testing (false discovery rate < 0.05). As a result, transcription factor, gene enrichment, and pathway analysis were performed with genes identified before multiple testing (p < 0.05). Pathways associated with proliferation and carcinogenesis were downregulated. These findings using 5-ALA blue light PDT are similar to previously published studies using methyl-aminolevulinic and red light protocols, indicating that surviving residual cells may undergo changes consistent with a less aggressive cancerous phenotype.
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Ácido Aminolevulínico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Regulación hacia Abajo , Fotoquimioterapia , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Humanos , Ácido Aminolevulínico/farmacología , Luz Azul , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , División Celular/efectos de la radiación , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de la radiación , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Fármacos Fotosensibilizantes/farmacología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patologíaRESUMEN
Photobiomodulation (PBM), previously known as low-level laser light therapy, represents a non-invasive form of phototherapy that utilizes wavelengths in the red light (RL, 620-700 nm) portion of the visible light (VL, 400-700 nm) spectrum and the near-infrared (NIR, 700-1440 nm) spectrum. PBM is a promising and increasingly used therapy for the treatment of various dermatologic and non-dermatologic conditions. Photons from RL and NIR are absorbed by endogenous photoreceptors including mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase (COX). Activation of COX leads to the following changes: modulation of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alterations in intracellular calcium levels. The associated modulation of ATP, ROS and calcium levels promotes the activation of various signaling pathways (e.g., insulin-like growth factors, phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways), which contribute to downstream effects on cellular proliferation, migration and differentiation. Effective PBM therapy is dependent on treatment parameters (e.g., fluence, treatment duration and output power). PBM is generally well-tolerated and safe with erythema being the most common and self-limiting adverse cutaneous effect.
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Edible bird's nest (EBN) is composed of the solidified saliva of swiftlet birds. EBN has been extremely popular in Asian culture for centuries. They are often consumed as a delicacy in the form of bird's nest soup and are believed to have numerous skin benefits. In light of EBN's growing popularity and significant cultural importance, we aim provide a comprehensive review of EBN's potential dermatologic benefits and role in photoaging, anti-inflammation, wound healing, skin barrier enhancement, and skin whitening. While in vitro, in vivo, and preliminary clinical trial results are promising, there is a need for future human clinical research to further validate these findings and establish EBN's efficacy and safety for dermatologic applications.
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Aves , Saliva , Animales , Humanos , Alimentos , PielRESUMEN
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an emerging treatment modality in dermatology with increasing office and home-based use. PBM is the use of various light sources in the red light (620-700 nm) and near-infrared (700-1440 nm) spectrum as a form of light therapy. PBM is often administered through low-level lasers or light-emitting diodes. Studies show that PBM can be used effectively to treat conditions secondary to cancer therapies, alopecia, ulcers, herpes simplex virus, acne, skin rejuvenation, wounds, and scars. PBM offers patients many benefits compared to other treatments. It is noninvasive, cost-effective, convenient for patients, and offers a favorable safety profile. PBM can be used as an alternative or adjuvant to other treatment modalities including pharmacotherapy. It is important for dermatologists to gain a better clinical understanding of PBM for in-office administration and to counsel patients on proper application for home-use devices to best manage safety and expectations as this technology develops. PBM wavelengths can induce varied biological effects in diverse skin types, races, and ethnicities; therefore, it is also important for dermatologists to properly counsel their skin of color patients who undergo PBM treatments. Future clinical trials are necessary to produce standardized recommendations across conditions and skin types.
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Light from across the electromagnetic spectrum, including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light, can cause detrimental cutaneous effects including photocarcinogenesis and photoaging. Traditional and broad-spectrum sunscreens offer protection against ultraviolet radiation. However, visible and infrared light may not always be covered by traditional sunscreens. These forms of solar radiation have been shown to cause photodamage and may have particular importance in the effects induced in skin of color. This article aims to review the mechanisms of photoaging from various light forms, the implications of these damaging effects on skin of color, and innovative approaches that can advance the way patients practice photoprotection. We will expand upon the latest innovations in photoprotection that hold the potential to increase patient adherence and improve skin health across all skin types. J Drugs Dermatol. 2024;23(1):1306-1310. doi:10.36849/JDD.7255.
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Envejecimiento de la Piel , Humanos , Rayos Infrarrojos , Piel , Protectores Solares , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Photobiomodulation (PBM) can be used to treat a range of conditions in dermatology. PBM refers to the changes induced by red (RL, 620-700 nm) and near-infrared (NIR, 700-1440 nm) light. Light radiation-induced DNA damage is a major contributor to aging and skin cancer. It is crucial to study the effects of PBM on DNA to ensure safety. Our lab previously demonstrated that RL (633 ± 6 nm) did not result in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) DNA damage. This study employed similar methods to investigate NIR effects. Commercially available LED-NIR (830 ± 5 nm) panels (66, 132, and 264 J/cm2 ) did not result in DNA damage measured by cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine-6,4-pyrimidone photoproducts in HDFs compared to temperature-matched controls immediately, 3 h, and 24 h following irradiation and compared to positive and negative controls. This demonstrates that LED-NIR does not damage DNA in HDFs in vitro.
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Daño del ADN , Piel , Humanos , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Rayos Infrarrojos , Fibroblastos/efectos de la radiación , ADNRESUMEN
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oleosomes are unique organelles that house triglycerides and fatty acids and demonstrate a natural resilience to environmental stresses. There is recent growing interest in safflower oleosomes due to their potential applications in dermatology, especially as a carrier technology to improve drug penetration through the skin. This paper explores various aspects of safflower oleosomes, including their production, safety, absorption, and applications in photoprotection and epidermal remodeling. Oleosomes have shown encouraging results in targeted drug delivery in in vitro and in vivo animal models; however, human clinical research is required to determine their efficacy and safety in dermatology. Oleosomes are comprise a novel biotechnology that has the potential to transform sustainable and natural treatments in dermatology by utilizing their unique structure. Safflower oleosomes are stable lipid molecules that can deliver small and large molecules with high efficacy. This review will examine the current research findings and prospective future applications of oleosomes.