A cross-sectional survey of first-aid kit equipment in a family in Sichuan, China.

PURPOSE: To examine residents' first-aid kit preparation and its influencing factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 449 permanent residents in Sichuan Province using convenience sampling. We examined participants' demographic characteristics, self-efficacy, health literacy, and personality. FINDINGS: Of the participants, 111 (24.7%) stocked a home first-aid kit. The most frequent supplies were disinfection supplies (91.9%), common medicines (86.5%), and dressing supplies (76.6%). Family per capita monthly income, medical expenses payment method, chronic diseases, general self-efficacy, and health literacy were influencing factors of family first-aid kit preparedness. CONCLUSION: A multilevel and interactive emergency literacy education system should be established to improve residents' abilities to prevent emergencies.

Knowledge status of skin tear prevention and its demographic and occupational influencing factors: A National cross-sectional survey among nurses.

AIM: A skin tear (ST) is a common skin injury that is often misdiagnosed or overlooked. This study examined the current state of nurses' ST knowledge and its influencing factors. DESIGN: A national cross-sectional survey combined with a quantitative analysis was used to provide evidence of poor ST knowledge among nurses and its influencing factors. METHODS: An electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among 1293 nurses from 32 hospitals in 18 provinces across China, including a General Information Questionnaire, ST Knowledge Assessment Instrument (OASES) and a Self-directed Learning Competence Scale for Nurses (SLCS-N). RESULTS: The mean OASES score was 9.51 ± 3.15, with a score rate of 47.55%. Pearson's correlation analysis showed positive correlations, ranging from none to strong, between every dimension in the OASES and from strong to extremely strong between every dimension in the SLCS-N. Multivariate analysis revealed multiple independent factors influencing ST knowledge, such as hospital tier, specialized nurses in wound/ostomy/incontinence care, participation in training for wound/ostomy/incontinence management, willingness to undergo ST training, self-assessed grade in ST care and the degree of emphasis of managers. CONCLUSION: ST knowledge status was generally poor among nurses nationwide. Managers should establish a comprehensive and specialized curriculum-based system, develop evidence-based standardized nursing processes, and provide tailored training programs to address nurses' unique characteristics and individualized needs, thereby enhancing their proficiency in ST-related knowledge and skills. IMPACT: This study is the first to identify a poor level of ST knowledge among nurses nationwide, particularly in the four dimensions of risk assessment: prevention, treatment, classification, and observation. Based on the findings regarding demographic factors and ST experiences, an integrated management system and educational program should be implemented to improve nurses' awareness and knowledge in this field. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: No patient or public contributions.

Brain tissue oxygen partial pressure monitoring and prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury: a meta-analysis.

To assess whether monitoring brain tissue oxygen partial pressure (PbtO2) or employing intracranial pressure (ICP)/cerebral perfusion pressure (CCP)-guided management improves patient outcomes, including mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), mean daily ICP and mean daily CCP during the intensive care unit(ICU)stay. We searched the Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE databases until December 12, 2023. Prospective randomized controlled and cohort studies were included. A meta-analysis was performed for the primary outcome measure, mortality, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eleven studies with a total of 37,492 patients were included. The mortality in the group with PbtO2 was 29.0% (odds ratio: 0.73;95% confidence interval [CI]:0.56-0.96; P = 0.03; I = 55%), demonstrating a significant benefit. The overall hospital LOS was longer in the PbtO2 group than that in the ICP/CPP group (mean difference:2.03; 95% CI:1.03-3.02; P<0.0001; I = 39%). The mean daily ICP in the PbtO2 monitoring group was lower than that in the ICP/CPP group (mean difference:-1.93; 95% CI: -3.61 to -0.24; P = 0.03; I = 41%). Moreover, PbtO2 monitoring did not improve the mean daily CPP (mean difference:2.43; 95%CI: -1.39 to 6.25;P = 0.21; I = 56%).Compared with ICP/CPP monitoring, PbtO2 monitoring reduced the mortality and the mean daily ICP in patients with severe traumatic brain injury; however, no significant effect was noted on the mean daily CPP. In contrast, ICP/CPP monitoring alone was associated with a short hospital stay.

Targeting pharmacophore with probe-reactivity-guided fractionation to precisely identify electrophilic sesquiterpenes and its activity of anti-TNBC.

INTRODUCTION: Innovative strategy is urgently needed to precisely discover novel natural products as lead compounds for development of new drugs against orphan diseases such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Herein, we describe a targeting pharmacophore with probe-reactivity-guided strategy for the discovery of electrophilic sesquiterpene (ES), a class of bioactive natural product. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify pharmacophore, based on pharmacophore with probe-reactivity-guided strategy for precisely discovering ESs from ethyl acetate extract of Eupatorium chinense L. (EEEChL) METHODOLOGY: MTT assay combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis was used to identify pharmacophore. UPLC-mass spectrometry (MS) was applied to carefully compare the intrinsic reactivity characteristics of two chemoselective nucleophilic probes: glutathione (GSH) and 4-bromothiophenol (BTP) reaction with ESs. ESs was isolated and identified from EEEChL by phytochemical methods. Furthermore, stoichiometric ratio and binding site of one typical ES 8ß-[4'-hydroxytigloyloxy]-5-desoxy-8-desacyleuparotin (HDDE) reaction with BTP were studied by UPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF)-MS and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). RESULTS: Eleven ESs were identified from EEEChL, MTT assay illustrated that all of the 11 ESs possess fairly good anti-TNBC activity CONCLUSIONS: Electrophilic groups were confirmed as pharmacophore of bioactive compounds contained in EEEChL. An optimised halogenated aromatic probe BTP furnishes ES-BTP conjugates that are highly conspicuous via MS by virtue of a unique isotopic bromine signature, conjugates also have a considerable separation on C18 column. The new probe-reactivity-guided strategy can effectively improve the traditional bioassay-guided approaches, and significantly increase the probability of obtaining designated bioactive compounds.