Right paraduodenal hernia, classification, and selection of surgical methods: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Considering that right paraduodenal hernia is a rare internal hernia with abnormal anatomy and is often encountered during an emergency, surgeons may lack knowledge about it and choose incorrect treatment. Thus, this case report is a helpful complement to the few previously reported cases of right paraduodenal hernia. Additionally, we reviewed all the reported right paraduodenal hernia cases and proposed appropriate surgical strategies according to different anatomical features. CASE PRESENTATION: The case involved a 33-year-old Chinese male patient who was admitted to the hospital due to abdominal pain. The patient was initially diagnosed with small bowel obstruction, and conservative treatment failed. An emergency operation was arranged, during which a diagnosis of right paraduodenal hernia was made instead. After surgery, the patient recovered well without abdominal pain for 2 years. CONCLUSION: Although right paraduodenal hernia accounts only for a small proportion of paraduodenal hernia, its anatomical characteristics can vary considerably. We divided right paraduodenal hernia into three types, with each type requiring a different surgical strategy.

AdipoRon Alleviates Free Fatty Acid-Induced Myocardial Cell Injury Via Suppressing Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation.

BACKGROUND: Hypoadiponectinemia is a high risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Although adiponectin is a protective molecule in cardiovascular diseases, it is hampered due to short plasma half-life and high cost of production. This study aimed to investigate whether AdipoRon, a small-molecule adiponectin receptor agonist, alleviated saturated free fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA)-induced cardiomyocyte injury by suppressing Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. METHODS: Cell viability was used with MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and mitochondria membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. We also detected the ROS production and colocolization of inflammasome protein with fluorescence and immunofluorescence microscopic analysis, respectively. Then, IL-1ß was detected by Elisa assay and other protein expression was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS: Our observations demonstrated PA dose-dependently promoted the cell injury, and such high lipotoxicity induced impairment of cardiomyocytes was significantly attenuated by AdipoRon treatment. Moreover, PA markedly activated the first phase of Nlrp3 inflammasome (NF-ƙb) signaling. Notably, the stimulation of PA enhanced ROS production as regulators of Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. In addition, treatment with PA increased the Nlrp3 inflammasome protein expression and complex formation, while AdipoRon abolished it. Lastly, the suppressive effect of AdipoRon to PA-induced cell injury and Nlrp3 inflammasome activation was significantly reversed by Nlrp3 siRNA and pan-caspase inhibitor (z-vad-fmk). CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data suggested that AdipoRon suppressed PA-induced myocardial cell injury by suppressing Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. Thus, AdipoRon might possess potent protective effect in lipotoxicity injury such as obesity leading to cardiac disease.

Overexpression of Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin in Dendritic Cells Protecting against Aspergillosis.

BACKGROUND: Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in host defense against pathogen infection. DC-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (SIGN) is a group II C-type lectin receptor and specifically expressed on the surface of DCs. This study aimed to determine whether DC-SIGN affects intracellular signaling activation, Th1/Th2 imbalance and aspergillus immune evasion in aspergillus infection, and explore the application of DC-SIGN-modified DCs in immunotherapy. METHODS: DCs were first obtained from the mononuclear cells of peripheral blood. The interferon (IFN)-γ and dexamethasone (Dex) were used to stimulate DCs. The expression of DC-SIGN, Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and the capacity of DCs in stimulating T cells proliferation and phagocytosis, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were analyzed. In addition, adenovirus expression vector Ad-DC-SIGN was generated to transfect DCs. Mannan was used to block DC-SIGN signaling for confirming the involvement of DC-SIGN function in Aspergillus fumigatus (Af)-induced DCs maturation. The unpaired, two-tailed Student's t-test was used in the comparisons between two groups. RESULTS: Exogenous IFN-γ could activate Af-induced DCs and promote the Th0 cells toward Th1 profile (interleukin [IL]-12 in IFN-γ/Af group: 50.96 ± 4.38 pg/ml; control/Af group: 29.70 ± 2.00 pg/ml, t = 10.815, P < 0.001). On the other hand, Dex inhibited the secretion of Th2 cytokines (IL-10 in Dex/Af group: 5.27 ± 0.85 pg/ml; control/Af group: 15.14 ± 1.40 pg/ml, t = 14.761, P < 0.001)), and successfully caused immunosuppression. After transfection with Ad-DC-SIGN, DCs have improved phagocytosis (phagocytosis rates in Ad-DC-SIGN group: 74.0% ± 3.4%; control group: 64.7% ± 6.8%, t = 3.104, P = 0.013). There was more Th1 cytokine secreted in the Af-induced DC-SIGN modified DCs (IL-12 in Ad-DC-SIGN/Af group: 471.98 ± 166.31 pg/ml; control/Af group: 33.35 ± 5.98 pg/ml, t = 6.456, P = 0.001), correlated to the enhanced NF-κB activation. CONCLUSION: Overexpressing DC-SIGN in DCs had a protective function on aspergillosis.

Phytochemical compositions of volatile oil from Blumea balsamifera and their biological activities.

BACKGROUND: This research, extract compositions of volatile oil in Blumea balsamifera (Linn.) DC by steam distillation method. The gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer technology (GC-MS) was used to separate and determine chemical components of volatile oil. Meanwhile, the percentage of the chemical components was determined in the volatile oil by peak area normalization method. At the same time, we determine and evaluate antitumor, antibacterial, and antioxidation activities of chemical components of volatile oil in Blumea balsamifera of the aromatic plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We screened the cytotoxicity of volatile oil in Blumea balsamifera by using prawn larva and by prawn-lethal bioactivity experiment. Use the slanting test tube method to evaluate the antibacterial activity of volatile oil in Blumea balsamifera for eight kinds of plant pathogenic fungi. Taking Trolox as the contrast, the research uses DPPH method to study the radical-scavenging function (IC50) of the volatile oil in Blumea balsamifera. RESULTS: The results show that 42 kinds of compounds are separated from volatile oil of Blumea balsamifera. The appraised components take up 97.65% of total peak area. The volatile oil in Blumea balsamifera mainly contains sesquiterpenoids. The results also show that it has relatively strong activity of antitumor and anti-plant pathogenic fungi and some antioxidation activity. CONCLUSION: This research provided the reference data for further development of this natural resource, and at the same time, we understood more of the chemical components of volatile oil and bioactivity of this aromatic plant.

Construction of a Helper-dependent Adenoviral Vector and Its application to Mice.

First-generation adenoviral vector with E1 and E3 deleted can effectively deliver foreign genes into target cells and leads to high level of expression of transgenes, but it leads only to transient expression because of the cellular immunity against early and late viral antigens expressed in targeted cells. In order to overcome these difficulties, we have recently developed a helper-dependent recombinant adenovirus vector HAdI-hFVIII in which a large part of the viral genome, including l3, L1, L2, VAI-VAII and pTP regions, was deleted. The novel viral vector DNA can be effectively packaged, amplified in 293 packaging cells co-transfected with an E1-substituted AdI-hFVIII in trans and can be easily separated from helper virus by gradient centrifugation. The hFVIII expression was found in mice after intravenous injection of the new vector. The duration of hFVIII protein in plasma of mice was prolonged compared to that of AdI-hFVIII after injection. It suggests that the novel vector could be less immunogenic in vivo.