RESUMEN
For pancreatic neoplasms, the current clinical treatment strategy is mainly using standard surgical methods, including pancreaticoduodenectomy, distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, and total pancreatectomy. Standard surgical methods require a larger resection, including resection of some surrounding organs and a large amount of pancreatic parenchyma. The endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas are easily damaged. Moreover, since the standard surgical procedure involves the reconstruction of the digestive tract at multiple anastomoses, there is a high risk of pancreatic, biliary, and intestinal fistulas occurring postoperatively. Therefore, function-preserving pancreatic surgery is recommended for some benign and low-grade pancreatic neoplasms. This type of surgery can treat pancreatic diseases while preserving more peripancreatic organs, pancreatic parenchyma and relatively complete digestive tract continuity, thereby improving the patient's short-term and long-term quality of life. In addition, with the development of laparoscopy and da Vinci robotic technology, minimally invasive technology-assisted pancreatic surgery has been carried out in clinical practice. They have been shown to be sufficiently safe and effective. This article reviews several common clinical pancreatic function-preserving surgical methods and their corresponding clinical applications and technical development status from the perspectives of preserving more peripancreatic organs, preserving more pancreatic parenchyma, and promoting pancreatic function recovery.
Asunto(s)
Laparoscopía , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Calidad de Vida , Páncreas/cirugía , Pancreatectomía/métodos , Pancreaticoduodenectomía/métodos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirugíaRESUMEN
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant neoplasm originating from transformed cells arising in tissues that form the pancreas. To investigate whether the tribbles homolog 1 (Drosophila) gene (TRIB1) is associated with pancreatic cancer in the Chinese Han population, we conducted this case-control study and genotyped 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2980879, rs2980874, and rs2235108) of the TRIB1 gene in 182 patients and 359 normal controls of Chinese Han origin and analyzed their association. The results showed that the rs2980879 polymorphism was associated with pancreatic cancer [allele: P = 0.023434, genotype: P = 0.03005; odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.727788 (0.552664-0.958404)], whereas the rs2980874 polymorphism had no association with pancreatic cancer [allele: P = 0.749885, genotype: P = 0.699533; OR and 95%CI = 1.041981 (0.809196-1.341734)], and the rs2235108 polymorphism was not associated with the disease [allele: P = 0.629475, genotype: P = 0.547534, OR and 95%CI = 1.128290 (0.690829-1.842770)]. Haplotype analyses and linkage disequilibrium tests were also conducted, and the results showed that these 3 loci are not in the same block. In conclusion, our study indicated that the TRIB1 gene is associated with pancreatic cancer. More studies with larger samples are needed in order to support this finding.
Asunto(s)
Estudios de Asociación Genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Anciano , Alelos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Haplotipos , Humanos , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Calmodulin (CaM) influences many cellular processes by interacting with various proteins. Here, we isolated AtBAG6, an Arabidopsis CaM-binding protein that contains a central BCL-2-associated athanogene (BAG) domain. In yeast and plants, overexpression of AtBAG6 induced cell death phenotypes consistent with programmed cell death (PCD). Recombinant AtBAG6 had higher affinity for CaM in the absence of free Ca2 + than in its presence. An IQ motif (IQXXXRGXXXR, where X denotes any amino-acid) was required for Ca2 +-independent CaM complex formation and single amino-acid changes within this motif abrogated both AtBAG6-activated CaM-binding and cell death in yeast and plants. A 134-amino-acid stretch, encompassing both the IQ motif and BAG domain, was sufficient to induce cell death. Agents generating oxygen radicals, which are known to be involved in plant PCD, specifically induced the AtBAG6 transcript. Collectively, these results suggest that AtBAG6 is a stress-upregulated CaM-binding protein involved in plant PCD.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis/fisiología , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión a Calmodulina/metabolismo , Secuencias de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/citología , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Sitios de Unión/genética , Proteínas de Unión a Calmodulina/genética , Clonación Molecular , ADN de Plantas/genética , Genes de Plantas , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSC70/genética , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSC70/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Eliminación de Secuencia , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Transformación Genética , Técnicas del Sistema de Dos HíbridosRESUMEN
Dynamin, a high-molecular-weight GTPase, plays a critical role in vesicle formation at the plasma membrane during endocytosis in animal cells. Here we report the identification of a new dynamin homolog in Arabidopsis named Arabidopsis dynamin-like 6 (ADL6). ADL6 is quite similar to dynamin I in its structural organization: a conserved GTPase domain at the N terminus, a pleckstrin homology domain at the center, and a Pro-rich motif at the C terminus. In the cell, a majority of ADL6 is associated with membranes. Immunohistochemistry and in vivo targeting experiments revealed that ADL6 is localized to the Golgi apparatus. Expression of the dominant negative mutant ADL6[K51E] in Arabidopsis protoplasts inhibited trafficking of cargo proteins destined for the lytic vacuole and caused them to accumulate at the trans-Golgi network. In contrast, expression of ADL6[K51E] did not affect trafficking of a cargo protein, H(+)-ATPase:green fluorescent protein, destined for the plasma membrane. These results suggest that ADL6 is involved in vesicle formation for vacuolar trafficking at the trans-Golgi network but not for trafficking to the plasma membrane in plant cells.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/enzimología , GTP Fosfohidrolasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Vacuolas/metabolismo , Red trans-Golgi/enzimología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Dinamina I , Dinaminas , GTP Fosfohidrolasas/química , GTP Fosfohidrolasas/genética , Inmunohistoquímica , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Conformación Proteica , Transporte de Proteínas , ATPasas de Translocación de Protón/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/análisis , Análisis de Secuencia , Vacuolas/ultraestructura , Red trans-Golgi/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Very limited information is available on the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI[3]P) in vesicle trafficking in plant cells. To investigate the role of PI(3)P during the vesicle trafficking in plant cells, we exploited the PI(3)P-specific binding property of the endosome binding domain (EBD) (amino acids 1257 to 1411) of human early endosome antigen 1, which is involved in endosome fusion. When expressed transiently in Arabidopsis protoplasts, a green fluorescent protein (GFP):EBD fusion protein exhibited PI(3)P-dependent localization to various compartments--such as the trans-Golgi network, the prevacuolar compartment, the tonoplasts, and the vesicles in the vacuolar lumen--that varied with time. The internalized GFP:EBD eventually disappeared from the lumen. Deletion experiments revealed that the PI(3)P-dependent localization required the Rab5 binding motif in addition to the zinc finger motif. Overexpression of GFP:EBD inhibited vacuolar trafficking of sporamin but not trafficking of H(+)-ATPase to the plasma membrane. On the basis of these results, we propose that the trafficking of GFP:EBD reflects that of PI(3)P and that PI(3)P synthesized at the trans-Golgi network is transported to the vacuole through the prevacuolar compartment for degradation in plant cells.
Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Fosfatos de Fosfatidilinositol/metabolismo , Vacuolas/metabolismo , Red trans-Golgi/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Sitios de Unión , Transporte Biológico Activo , ADN Recombinante/genética , Endosomas/metabolismo , Fusión de Membrana , Proteínas de la Membrana/química , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/química , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte VesicularRESUMEN
GSK3/shaggy-like genes encode kinases that are involved in a variety of biological processes. By functional complementation of the yeast calcineurin mutant strain DHT22-1a with a NaCl stress-sensitive phenotype, we isolated the Arabidopsis cDNA AtGSK1, which encodes a GSK3/shaggy-like protein kinase. AtGSK1 rescued the yeast calcineurin mutant cells from the effects of high NaCl. Also, the AtGSK1 gene turned on the transcription of the NaCl stress-inducible PMR2A gene in the calcineurin mutant cells under NaCl stress. To further define the role of AtGSK1 in the yeast cells we introduced a deletion mutation at the MCK1 gene, a yeast homolog of GSK3, and examined the phenotype of the mutant. The mck1 mutant exhibited a NaCl stress-sensitive phenotype that was rescued by AtGSK1. Also, constitutive expression of MCK1 complemented the NaCl-sensitive phenotype of the calcineurin mutants. Therefore, these results suggest that Mck1p is involved in the NaCl stress signaling in yeast and that AtGSK1 may functionally replace Mck1p in the NaCl stress response in the calcineurin mutant. To investigate the biological function of AtGSK1 in Arabidopsis we examined the expression of AtGSK1. Northern-blot analysis revealed that the expression is differentially regulated in various tissues with a high level expression in flower tissues. In addition, the AtGSK1 expression was induced by NaCl and exogenously applied ABA but not by KCl. Taken together, these results suggest that AtGSK1 is involved in the osmotic stress response in Arabidopsis.
Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/enzimología , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Drosophila , Genes de Plantas , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Ácido Abscísico/farmacología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN/genética , ADN Complementario/genética , ADN de Plantas/genética , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Prueba de Complementación Genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Transducción de Señal , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Aquaporins, small channel proteins, found in a variety of organisms are members of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) superfamily and have been shown to facilitate water transport when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We isolated two Arabidopsis cDNAs, SIMIP and SITIP, that encode protein homologues of the MIP superfamily. SIMIP exhibits a high degree of sequence homology to PIP3 and MIP1, and thus may belong to the plasmamembrane intrinsic protein (PIP) subfamily, whereas salt-stress inducible tonoplast intrinsic protein (SITIP) is highly homologous to VM23 and gamma-TIP, and therefore may belong to the TIP subfamily. Expression studies revealed that the two genes showed a different expression pattern. The SIMIP gene was expressed in a tissue-specific manner, for example, its highest transcript level is found in flowers, relatively low levels in siliques, and very low level in leaves and roots. In contrast, SITIP was expressed in nearly equal amounts in all the tissues we examined. Also, the expression of SIMIP and SITIP showed a temporal regulation pattern. For example, the highest expression level was at 1 week after germination. In addition, the transcript levels of SIMIP and SMTIP were increased upon NaCl and ABA treatments. The biological function of the 2 genes were investigated using two NaCl stress-sensitive yeast mutant strains. The mutant yeast cells expressing these 2 genes were more resistant to high NaCl conditions. The results suggest that the proteins encoded by these genes may be involved in the osmoregulation in plants under high osmotic stress such as under a high salt condition.
Asunto(s)
Acuaporinas , Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/genética , Canales Iónicos/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Ácido Abscísico/farmacología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/efectos de los fármacos , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Clonación Molecular , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/fisiología , Canales Iónicos/química , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas/química , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido Nucleico , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Dynamin-related proteins are high molecular weight GTPase proteins found in a variety of eukaryotic cells from yeast to human. They are involved in diverse biological processes that include endocytosis in animal cells and vacuolar protein sorting in yeast. We isolated a new gene, ADL2, that encodes a dynamin-like protein in Arabidopsis. The ADL2 cDNA is 2.68 kb in size and has an open reading frame for 809 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 90 kDa. Sequence analysis of ADL2 revealed a high degree of amino acid sequence similarity to other members of the dynamin superfamily. Among those members ADL2 was most closely related to Dnm1p of yeast and thus appears to be a member of the Vps1p subfamily. Expression studies showed that the ADL2 gene is widely expressed in various tissues with highest expression in flower tissues. In vivo targeting experiments showed that ADL2:smGFP fusion protein is localized to chloroplasts in soybean photoautroph cells. In addition experiments with deletion constructs revealed that the N-terminal 35 amino acid residues were sufficient to direct the smGFP into chloroplasts in tobacco protoplasts when expressed as a fusion protein.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/genética , ADN Complementario/genética , ADN de Plantas/genética , GTP Fosfohidrolasas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Clonación Molecular , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Dinaminas , GTP Fosfohidrolasas/metabolismo , Expresión Génica , Genes de Plantas , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes , Humanos , Proteínas Luminiscentes/genética , Proteínas Luminiscentes/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Plastidios/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Homología de Secuencia de AminoácidoRESUMEN
Plant responses to high salt stress have been studied for several decades. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses still elude us. In order to understand better the molecular mechanism related to NaCl stress in plants, we initiated the cloning of a large number of NaCl-induced genes in Arabidopsis. Here, we report the cloning of a cDNA encoding a novel Ca2+-binding protein, named AtCP1, which shares sequence similarities with calmodulins. AtCP1 exhibits, in particular, a high degree of amino acid sequence homology to the Ca2+-binding loops of the EF hands of calmodulin. However, unlike calmodulin, AtCP1 appears to have only three Ca2+-binding loops. We examined Ca2+ binding of the protein by a Ca2+-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift assay. A recombinant AtCP1 protein that was expressed in Escherichia coli did show a Ca2+-dependent electrophoretic mobility shift. To gain insight into the expression of the AtCP1 gene, northern blot analysis was carried out. The AtCP1 gene had a tissue-specific expression pattern: high levels of expression in flower and root tissues and nearly undetectable levels in leaves and siliques. Also, the expression of the AtCP1 gene was induced by NaCl treatment but not by ABA treatment. Finally, subcellular localization experiments using an AtCP1:smGFP fusion gene in soybean suspension culture cells and tobacco leaf protoplasts indicate that AtCP1 is most likely a cytosolic protein.