Treatment of Electroconvulsive Therapy-Emergent Hypomania and Mania: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Objective: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-emergent hypomania/mania is a clinically significant problem that has lacked evidence-based guidelines for effective management. The aim of this systematic literature review is to compile the current published literature on treating ECT-emergent hypomania/mania to help guide treatment course in patients with unipolar and bipolar depression.Data Sources: MEDLINE/PubMed was searched for studies published from 1980 through August 2020 that evaluated the treatment of ECT-emergent hypomania/mania. Search terms included Boolean combinations of the following: mania, hypomania, ECT, ECT induced mania, and ECT induced hypomania.Study Selection: There were 1,662 articles reviewed, and all published studies detailing the treatment of ECT-emergent hypomania/mania written in English that met inclusion criteria were included. Due to the limited number of articles, there were no restrictions.Data Extraction: Two reviewers extracted relevant articles and assessed each study based on inclusion criteria.Results: The literature review identified 12 articles that described the treatment course of ECT-emergent hypomania/mania in 17 patients. There were 9 patients who had no known history of manic or hypomanic episodes and were diagnosed with unipolar depression and 8 patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder. There were 4 primary treatment courses identified: continuing ECT alone, continuing ECT in conjunction with lithium, discontinuing ECT with no medication treatment, or discontinuing ECT and starting a medication.Conclusions: The available data are insufficient to support definitive conclusions; however, potential treatment guidelines are suggested within the review to providers based on the limited data available.

Systematic review of depression and suicidality in child and adolescent (CAP) refugees.

Child adversity and trauma has been shown to have incredible detrimental effects physically and mentally in the subsequent adult life. Importantly, refugee minors are especially vulnerable to trauma. Thus far there are numerous studies examining cohorts of child and adolescent refugees and their impact on mental health in general and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but none have focused specifically on depression and suicide.  The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for the current systematic review. 25 articles out of 2660 queried were identified to be included in the review. Overall, CAP refugees have increased risk for major depressive disorder and suicidality compared to the general population to which they have immigrated, regardless of origin. Due to the differences in the assessment tools used, it is hard to parse out if mood disturbance was secondary to major depressive disorder (MDD) or PTSD, or that suicidality is independent or a sequela of MDD/PTSD. Given the vulnerability of CAP refugees after trauma future studies are needed to further elucidate their risk of concurrent depression and suicidality, so as to facilitate appropriate treatment.

Owl: electronic datasheet generator.

Owl ( www.owlcad.org ) is a biodesign automation tool that generates electronic datasheets for synthetic biological parts using common formatting. Data can be retrieved automatically from existing repositories and modified in the Owl user interface (UI). Owl uses the data to generate an HTML page with standard typesetting that can be saved as a PDF file. Here we present the Owl software tool in its alpha version, its current UI, its description of input data for generating a datasheet, its example datasheets, and the vision of the tool's role in biodesign automation.