RESUMEN
In the past two decades, the rapid increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, has been attributed to high-fat diets (HFD) and decreased physical activity levels. Although the phenotypes and pathologies of these metabolic diseases vary, patients with these diseases exhibit disease-specific alterations in the composition and function of their gut microbiota. Studies in germ-free mice have shown that both HFD and gut microbiota can promote the development of metabolic diseases, and HFD can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota. Therefore, investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and HFD in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This review takes HFD as the starting point, providing a detailed analysis of the pivotal role of HFD in the development of metabolic disorders. It comprehensively elucidates the impact of HFD on the balance of intestinal microbiota, analyzes the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to metabolic disruptions, and explores the associated genetic factors. Finally, the potential of targeting the gut microbiota as a means to address metabolic disturbances induced by HFD is discussed. In summary, this review offers theoretical support and proposes new research avenues for investigating the role of nutrition-related factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in the organism.
RESUMEN
Objective: Meta-analysis was conducted to explore the effects of CM combined with chemotherapy on the effective rate and survival rate of gastric cancer patients. Methods: Literature retrieval was performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and CNKI databases. The subject of the literature was to compare the efficacy of CM combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in patients with gastric cancer. According to the Cochrane manual, the risk of bias was assessed for inclusion in randomized controlled trials. The chi-square test was used for the heterogeneity test. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the causes of heterogeneity. Funnel chart and Egger's test were used to assess publication bias. Results: This study included 761 patients with gastric cancer from 10 literatures. The effective rate of chemotherapy in the CM combined group was higher than that in the chemotherapy alone group (odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.39, 2.78), Z = 3.81, P = 0.0001), and there was no heterogeneity among studies (chi2 = 5.68, P = 0.68, I 2 = 0%). There was no significant publication bias among all studies (P > 0.05). The one-year survival rate in the CM combined group was higher than that in the chemotherapy alone group (OR = 3.25, 95% CI (1.90, 5.54), Z = 4.32, P < 0.0001). There was no heterogeneity among studies (chi2 = 1.04, P = 0.79, I 2 = 0%) and no significant publication bias among studies (P > 0.05). The 3-year survival rate of gastric cancer patients in the traditional Chinese medicine combination group was higher than that in the chemotherapy alone group (OR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.06, 2.78), Z = 2.18, P = 0.03). There was no heterogeneity among studies (chi2 = 2.18, P = 0.54, I 2 = 0%), and there was no significant publication bias (P > 0.05). The incidence of nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy in gastric cancer patients in the Chinese medicine combination group was lower than that in the chemotherapy alone group (OR = 0.47, 95% CI (0.34, 0.64), Z = 4.80, P < 0.00001). There was no heterogeneity among studies (chi2 = 8.57, P = 0.48, I 2 = 0%), and there was no significant publication bias (P > 0.05). Conclusion: CM combined with chemotherapy can improve the effective rate and survival rate of gastric cancer and reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy. We recommend a large sample size, multicenter combined randomized controlled trial for validation.