[Comparison of the concept of "responsibility" in neuroscience and in French criminal law: A cross-literature review for the psychiatric forensic practice]. / Comparaison du concept de « responsabilité ¼ en neurosciences et en droit pénal : une revue croisée de littérature pour l'expertise psychiatrique.

In forensic psychiatry, experts have to determine the level of responsibility of a subject with regard to their acts. Neuroscience and cognitive sciences have been increasingly studying the brain functions that are supposed to underlie individual responsibility. In neuroscience, impairment of responsibility is underlain by disruptions of different types of cognitive processes. This processes are executive functions, theory of mind, agency, volition and empathy. In the juridical conception, the term of responsibility refers to a broader perspective than in the neuroscientific approach.

The new French mental health law regarding psychiatric involuntary treatment.

The French Republic has had four laws governing the detention of people with a mental illness. The first dates from 1838 and remained in place until 1990. The most recent one was issued on 27 September 2013; it confirmed the role of the judge and strengthened the legal procedures. This new French mental health law is an attempt to find a balance between the protection of patients' rights and the need for treatment.

[Car driving and psychiatry]. / Conduite automobile et psychiatrie.

Among the specialties involved in the order of 31 August 2010, psychiatry is in Chapter IV alongside addictive behavior and drug use may impair the ability of the driver. As well as for personal vehicles for professional vehicles the incompatibility of health with driving exists when clinical factors can interfere with the skills required of the driver. There would simply absolute incompatibility for psychoses in active phase. In the other phases of psychosis is at the discretion of specialist as for illiteracy or social maladjustment. The role of the authorized psychiatrist is therefore always subjective. This article also makes room for attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD), not listed, but the subject of numerous articles in the English literature.

Psychopathological characteristics of child pornographers and their victims: a literature review.

Child pornography is a form of child sexual exploitation which has been modified by the use of the Internet. The use of child pornography does not necessarily lead to actual child abuse. Victims of child pornography can be classified as direct victims, who have been sexually abused, and indirect victims, who receive images to groom them for actual abuse in the future. Based on a review of the literature, we present the psychopathological characteristics of child pornographers and their victims.

[Influence of parental tobacco dependence and parenting styles on adolescents' tobacco use]. / Influence parentale (dépendance tabagique et styles éducatifs) sur la consommation et la dépendance tabagique de leur adolescent.

OBJECTIVE: To study the influence of parenting styles and of parental smoking and nicotine dependence on their adolescent children's tobacco use. METHODS: This study, conducted in 2005, included 542 students from a French high school and 312 of their parents. The student sample had a mean age of 17 and 66% girls (n=360). Tobacco consumption and dependence were assessed for parents and students by the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and for the students only by the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist (HONC). Students were also asked about use of other psychoactive substances and completed the Authoritative Parenting Index (API). Parenting styles were classified as authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, or neglectful. RESULTS: Although 70% of the girls and 72% of the boys had tried smoking, only 12.5% were daily smokers. The mean FTND score was 1.3 (n = 156 respondents), and the mean HONC score 3.9 (n = 160). Fathers smoked more than mothers and had a higher mean FTND score: 2.8 (n = 35) versus 1.7 (n = 32) for mothers. Tobacco use by each parent was correlated with that of the other (r=0.49, p<0.001). Adolescents' tobacco consumption was correlated with that of their parents, especially their father and especially for boys (r=0.86, p<0.01). Age at starting smoking was associated with a young mother (r=0.60, p<0.001), while dependence (FTND) was associated with a young father. More broadly, tobacco dependence was associated with both parents' consumption and dependence, especially among girls. The use of other psychoactive substances was also associated with parental tobacco dependence, especially that of fathers and especially for boys. Inebriation and marijuana use in girls were also associated with maternal tobacco dependence, but less significantly. An authoritative parenting style tended to be associated with their children's less frequent tobacco consumption and less severe dependence, whereas neglectful and indulgent styles were associated with more frequent consumption and greater dependence; the age at which boys began smoking daily was linked to a maternal neglectful style, and a paternal authoritarian style was associated with paternal tobacco dependence in boys and maternal dependence in girls. We also found this type of correlation for other psychoactive substances, in particular, for inebriation and cannabis use, which decreased in families with an authoritative parenting style. This style appears protective.