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Procedural fidelity is defined as the extent to which the independent variable is implemented as prescribed. Research using computerized tasks has shown that fidelity errors involving consequences for behavior can hinder skill acquisition. However, studies examining the effects of these errors once skills have been mastered are lacking. Thus, this translational study investigated the effects of varying levels of fidelity following mastery of a computerized arbitrary matching-to-sample task. A group design (consisting of five groups) was used in which college students initially completed 250 trials during which no programmed errors (i.e., perfect fidelity) were arranged, followed by an additional 250 trials with consequences delivered across various levels of fidelity (i.e., 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of trials administered without errors). The results showed that participants assigned to higher fidelity conditions performed better (on average). These results extended the findings of previous studies by demonstrating how errors involving consequences affect behavior across various stages of learning.
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Aprendizaje , Estudiantes , HumanosRESUMEN
Treatment integrity is the extent to which procedures are implemented in a manner consistent with their prescribed protocols and is necessary for reaching accurate conclusions regarding functional relations between dependent (i.e., behavior) and independent (i.e., the environment) variables. Several studies assessing the frequency that studies report treatment integrity have been conducted. However, no review has included articles from Behavior Analysis in Practice. Thus, the current study reviewed Behavior Analysis in Practice between 2008 and 2019 to assess the frequency of studies reporting treatment integrity data. A total of 193 articles consisting of 205 studies met the inclusionary criteria for this review. Ninety-six studies (46.83%) reported treatment integrity data, compared to 193 (94.15%) that provided interobserver agreement data. Additionally, 98 studies (47.80%) were considered high risk for treatment implementation inaccuracies. Recommendations and implications for research and practice are discussed.
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BACKGROUND: Unintended and unwanted pregnancies likely increase during displacement, making the need for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services, especially safe abortion, even greater. Attention is growing around barriers to safe abortion care for displaced women as donor, non-governmental and civil society actors become more convinced of this need and reports of systematic sexual violence against women are more widely documented around the world. Yet a reluctance to truly change practice remains tied to some commonly reported reasons: 1) There is no need; 2) Abortion is illegal in the setting; 3) Donors do not fund abortion services, and; 4) Abortion is too complicated during acute emergencies. While there is global progress towards acknowledging the deficit of attention and evidence on abortion services in humanitarian settings, improvements in actual services have yet to follow. CASE PRESENTATION: In August 2017, over 700,000 Rohingya refugees fled Myanmar for Bangladesh. Women and girls fled homes and communities - many experienced terrible violence - and arrived at camps in Bangladesh with SRH needs, including unwanted pregnancies. With funding from UNFPA and others, Ipas trained providers and established safe induced abortion (called menstrual regulation (MR) in Bangladesh) and contraception services in October 2017.Ipas Bangladesh initiated the trainings in coordination with the government's health system and international aid agencies. Training approaches were modified so that providers could be trained quickly with minimal disruption to their ability to provide care. Within one month of the arrival of refugees, MR services had been established in eight facilities, for the first time during an acute emergency. By mid-2019, over 300 health workers from 37 health facilities had attended training in MR, postabortion care (PAC), and contraception. Over 8000 Rohingya refugees have received abortion-related care, more than three-quarters of which were MR procedures; over 26,000 women and girls have received contraception at these facilities. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates demand for abortion care exists among refugees. It also illustrates that these needs could have been easily overlooked in the complex environment of competing priorities during an emergency. When safe abortion services were made available, with relative ease and institutional support, women sought assistance, saving them from complications of unsafe abortions.
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The study aimed to explore perceptions of stakeholders regarding misoprostol use in Cambodia, a setting with high maternal mortality. Semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with 21 participants in the capital, Phnom Penh. The sample included participants involved in providing reproductive health services through international and local health agencies and the pharmaceutical industry. A theme of controversy over the role of misoprostol in the context of reproductive health services emerged, along with a need to reconcile legitimate viewpoints in order to understand the place of misoprostol in the Cambodian reproductive health setting. Understanding stakeholder perspectives on misoprostol can shed light on the drug's role in reproductive health programming where maternal mortality is high and health facilities are still improving.